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Campero MN, Scavuzzo CM, Andreo V, Mileo MS, Franzois MB, Oberto MG, Gonzalez Rodriguez C, Defagó MD. A geospatial analysis of cardiometabolic diseases and their risk factors considering environmental features in a midsized city in Argentina. GEOSPATIAL HEALTH 2023; 18. [PMID: 37873994 DOI: 10.4081/gh.2023.1212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
New approaches to the study of cardiometabolic disease (CMD) distribution include analysis of built environment (BE), with spatial tools as suitable instruments. We aimed to characterize the spatial dissemination of CMD and the associated risk factors considering the BE for people attending the Non-Invasive Cardiology Service of Hospital Nacional de Clinicas in Córdoba City, Argentina during the period 2015-2020. We carried out an observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study performing non-probabilistic convenience sampling. The final sample included 345 people of both sexes older than 35 years. The CMD data were collected from medical records and validated techniques and BE information was extracted from Landsat-8 satellite products. A geographic information system (GIS) was constructed to assess the distribution of CMD and its risk factors in the area. Out of the people sampled, 41% showed the full metabolic syndrome and 22.6% only type-2 diabetes mellitus (DM2), a cluster of which was evidenced in north-western Córdoba. The risk of DM2 showed an association with high values of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) (OR= 0.81; 95% CI: - 0.30 to 1.66; p=0.05) and low normalized difference built index (NDBI) values that reduced the probability of occurrence of DM2 (OR= -1.39; 95% CI: -2.62 to -0.17; p=0.03). Considering that the results were found to be linked to the environmental indexes, the study of BE should include investigation of physical space as a fundamental part of the context in which people develop medically within society. The novel collection of satellite-generated information on BE proved efficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micaela Natalia Campero
- Centre for Research in Human Nutrition School of Nutrition, Faculty of Medical Sciences, National University of Cordoba" by "Centro de Investigaciones en Nutrición Humana, Escuela de Nutrición, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba Ciudad de Córdoba, Córdoba; Mario Gulich Institute for Advance Spatial Studies, National University of Cordoba, National Commision for Space Activities by Instituto de Altos Estudios Espaciales Mario Gulich, Comisión Nacional de Actividades Espaciales, Universidad Nacional de Córdob, Falda del Cañete, Córdoba; National Council for Scientific and Technical Research by Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires.
| | - Carlos Matías Scavuzzo
- Centre for Research in Human Nutrition School of Nutrition, Faculty of Medical Sciences, National University of Cordoba" by "Centro de Investigaciones en Nutrición Humana, Escuela de Nutrición, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba Ciudad de Córdoba, Córdoba; Mario Gulich Institute for Advance Spatial Studies, National University of Cordoba, National Commision for Space Activities by Instituto de Altos Estudios Espaciales Mario Gulich, Comisión Nacional de Actividades Espaciales, Universidad Nacional de Córdob, Falda del Cañete, Córdoba.
| | - Veronica Andreo
- Mario Gulich Institute for Advance Spatial Studies, National University of Cordoba, National Commision for Space Activities by Instituto de Altos Estudios Espaciales Mario Gulich, Comisión Nacional de Actividades Espaciales, Universidad Nacional de Córdob, Falda del Cañete, Córdoba; National Council for Scientific and Technical Research by Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires.
| | - María Sol Mileo
- Centre for Research in Human Nutrition School of Nutrition, Faculty of Medical Sciences, National University of Cordoba" by "Centro de Investigaciones en Nutrición Humana, Escuela de Nutrición, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba Ciudad de Córdoba, Córdoba.
| | - Micaela Belén Franzois
- Centre for Research in Human Nutrition School of Nutrition, Faculty of Medical Sciences, National University of Cordoba" by "Centro de Investigaciones en Nutrición Humana, Escuela de Nutrición, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba Ciudad de Córdoba, Córdoba.
| | - María Georgina Oberto
- Centre for Research in Human Nutrition School of Nutrition, Faculty of Medical Sciences, National University of Cordoba" by "Centro de Investigaciones en Nutrición Humana, Escuela de Nutrición, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba Ciudad de Córdoba, Córdoba.
| | - Carla Gonzalez Rodriguez
- Mario Gulich Institute for Advance Spatial Studies, National University of Cordoba, National Commision for Space Activities by Instituto de Altos Estudios Espaciales Mario Gulich, Comisión Nacional de Actividades Espaciales, Universidad Nacional de Córdob, Falda del Cañete, Córdoba; National Council for Scientific and Technical Research by Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Buenos Aires.
| | - María Daniela Defagó
- Centro de Investigaciones en Nutrición Humana (CenINH), Escuela de Nutrición, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Ciudad de Córdoba, Córdoba.
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Klowak M, Boggild AK. The efficacy of a whole foods, plant-based dietary lifestyle intervention for the treatment of peripheral neuropathic pain in leprosy: a randomized control trial protocol. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1196470. [PMID: 37469546 PMCID: PMC10352581 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1196470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Despite effective treatment of leprosy via WHO-approved multi-drug therapy (MDT), patients still suffer from debilitating neuropathic sequelae, including peripheral neuropathic pain (PNP), and continue to develop intercurrent etiologies (such as diabetes), and progressive existing neuropathy over time. Strategies seeking to improve physiological and metabolic wellness, including those that reduce systemic inflammation and enhance immune responsiveness to neurotoxic factors may influence underlying neuropathic etiologies. A whole food plant-based diet (WFPBD) has been shown to be effective in the management of neuropathic pain due to diabetes, limiting severity and relevant symptomology. Diabetes remains a significant sequela of leprosy, as up to 50% of patients in reaction requiring corticosteroids, may develop a biochemical diabetes. As nutritional interventions may modulate both leprosy and diabetes, a specific exploration of these relationships remains relevant. Objectives (1) To demonstrate the effect of a WFPBD lifestyle intervention, on neuropathic pain variables in leprosy; and (2) To contextualize the significance of diet in the treatment of chronic sequelae in leprosy by evaluating tolerability and side effect profile. Methods A prospective, randomized, controlled, single-blind, multicentre interventional trial is described. Weekly one-hour dietary counseling sessions promoting a WFPBD emphasizing vegetables, fruits, whole-grains, nuts, and legumes, omitting animal products, and limiting fat intake over a six-month duration will be implemented. Participants will be 70 age and sex-matched individuals experiencing active or treated "cured" leprosy and PNP, randomized to either intervention or control groups. Primary outcome measures include efficacy via visual analog scale, subjective questionnaire and objective quantitative sensory testing, as well as safety, tolerability, and harms of a WFPBD on PNP in leprosy. This study will be initiated after Research Ethics Board (REB) approval at all participating sites, and in advance of study initiation, the trial will be registered at ClinicalTrials.gov. Expected impact It is hypothesized that WFPBDs will mitigate progression and severity of PNP and potentially reduce the adverse events related to standard corticosteroid treatment of leprosy reactions, thereby reducing disease severity. By examining the effects of WFPBDs on PNP in leprosy, we hope to illuminate data that will lead to the enhanced therapeutic management of this neglected tropical disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Klowak
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Andrea K. Boggild
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Tropical Disease Unit, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Filippin D, Sarni AR, Rizzo G, Baroni L. Environmental Impact of Two Plant-Based, Isocaloric and Isoproteic Diets: The Vegan Diet vs. the Mediterranean Diet. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:ijerph20053797. [PMID: 36900805 PMCID: PMC10001513 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20053797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Food consumption is one of the major causes of climate change, resource depletion, loss of biodiversity, and other kinds of environmental impact by modern households. According to evidence, a global change in dietary habits could be the single most effective and rapid intervention to reduce anthropic pressure on the planet, especially with respect to climate change. Our study applied Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) to investigate the total environmental impact of two plant-based diets: the Mediterranean and the Vegan diets, according to relevant Italian nutritional recommendations. The two diets share the same macronutrient rates and cover all the nutritional recommendations. Calculations were made on the basis of a theoretical one-week 2000 kcal/day diet. According to our calculations, the Vegan diet showed about 44% less total environmental impact when compared to the Mediterranean diet, despite the fact that the content of animal products of the latter was low (with 10.6% of the total diet calories). This result clearly supports the concept that meat and dairy consumption plays a critical role, above all, in terms of damage to human health and ecosystems. Our study supports the thesis that even a minimal-to-moderate content of animal foods has a consistent impact on the environmental footprint of a diet, and their reduction can elicit significant ecological benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Filippin
- Scientific Society for Vegetarian Nutrition, 30171 Venice, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Sarni
- Scientific Society for Vegetarian Nutrition, 30171 Venice, Italy
| | - Gianluca Rizzo
- Independent Researcher, Via Venezuela 66, 98121 Messina, Italy
| | - Luciana Baroni
- Scientific Society for Vegetarian Nutrition, 30171 Venice, Italy
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Juri S, Baraibar M, Clark LB, Cheguhem M, Jobbagy E, Marcone J, Mazzeo N, Meerhoff M, Trimble M, Zurbriggen C, Deutsch L. Food systems transformations in South America: Insights from a transdisciplinary process rooted in Uruguay. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.887034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The wicked nature of sustainability challenges facing food systems demands intentional and synergistic actions at multiple scales and sectors. The Southern Cone of Latin America, with its historical legacy of “feeding the world,” presents interesting opportunities for generating insights into potential trajectories and processes for food system transformation. To foster such changes would require the development of collective understanding and agency to effectively realize purposeful and well-informed action toward desirable and sustainable food futures. This in turn demands the transdisciplinary engagement of academia, the private sector, government/policy-makers, community groups, and other institutions, as well as the broader society as food consumers. While the need for contextualized knowledge, priorities and definitions of what sustainable food systems change means is recognized, there is limited literature reporting these differences and critically reflecting on the role of knowledge brokers in knowledge co-production processes. The political nature of these issues requires arenas for dialogue and learning that are cross-sectoral and transcend knowledge generation. This paper presents a case study developed by SARAS Institute, a bridging organization based in Uruguay. This international community of practice co-designed a 3-year multi-stakeholder transdisciplinary process entitled “Knowledges on the Table.” We describe how the process was designed, structured, and facilitated around three phases, two analytical levels and through principles of knowledge co-production. The case study and its insights offer a model that could be useful to inform similar processes led by transdisciplinary communities of practice or bridging institutions in the early stages of transformative work. In itself, it also represents a unique approach to generate a language of collaboration, dialogue, and imagination informed by design skills and methods. While this is part of a longer-term process toward capitalizing on still-unfolding insights and coalitions, we hope that this example helps inspire similar initiatives to imagine, support, and realize contextualized sustainable food system transformations.
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López-Olmedo N, Stern D, Bakhtsiyarava M, Pérez-Ferrer C, Langellier B. Greenhouse Gas Emissions Associated With the Mexican Diet: Identifying Social Groups With the Largest Carbon Footprint. Front Nutr 2022; 9:791767. [PMID: 35433790 PMCID: PMC9010525 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.791767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Most studies of the climate footprint of diets have been conducted in countries in the global north, but the majority of the world population lives in global south countries. We estimated total dietary greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE) in Mexico, examined the contribution of major food and beverage groups, and assessed variation across social groups. Methods We linked individual-level dietary data from the Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey 2018 to the SHARP Indicators Database, containing GHGE estimates for 182 primary food and beverages. Results Mean dietary GHGE was 3.9 kg of carbon dioxide equivalent per person per day. Dietary GHGE is highest among those in young adulthood and middle age versus adolescents and older adults, and among males, those with higher educational attainment, higher socioeconomic status, that do not speak an indigenous language, and that live in urban areas. Conclusion The Mexican diet has a much lower carbon footprint than diets in other Latin American countries for which such estimates are available. In contrast to patterns observed in Argentina and Brazil, dietary GHGE was lowest in those in lower socioeconomic and educational strata and in rural areas. A better understanding of the differences in diet sustainability between and within countries will be needed for developing global and local strategies that meet the environmental sustainability goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy López-Olmedo
- Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Dalia Stern
- Center for Population Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
- National Council for Science and Technology, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Maryia Bakhtsiyarava
- Institute of Urban and Regional Development, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Carolina Pérez-Ferrer
- National Council for Science and Technology, Mexico City, Mexico
- Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Brent Langellier
- Department of Health Management and Policy, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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