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Czernik PJ, Golonka RM, Chakraborty S, Yeoh BS, Abokor AA, Saha P, Yeo JY, Mell B, Cheng X, Baroi S, Tian Y, Patterson AD, Joe B, Vijay-Kumar M, Lecka-Czernik B. Reconstitution of the host holobiont in germ-free born male rats acutely increases bone growth and affects marrow cellular content. Physiol Genomics 2021; 53:518-533. [PMID: 34714176 PMCID: PMC8714805 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00017.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Integration of microbiota in a host begins at birth and progresses during adolescence, forming a multidirectional system of physiological interactions. Here, we present an instantaneous effect of natural, bacterial gut colonization on the acceleration of longitudinal and radial bone growth in germ-free born, 7-wk-old male rats. Changes in bone mass and structure were analyzed after 10 days following the onset of colonization through cohousing with conventional rats and revealed unprecedented acceleration of bone accrual in cortical and trabecular compartments, increased bone tissue mineral density, improved proliferation and hypertrophy of growth plate chondrocytes, bone lengthening, and preferential deposition of periosteal bone in the tibia diaphysis. In addition, the number of small in size adipocytes increased, whereas the number of megakaryocytes decreased, in the bone marrow of conventionalized germ-free rats indicating that not only bone mass but also bone marrow environment is under control of gut microbiota signaling. The changes in bone status paralleled with a positive shift in microbiota composition toward short-chain fatty acids (SCFA)-producing microbes and a considerable increase in cecal SCFA concentrations, specifically butyrate. Furthermore, reconstitution of the host holobiont increased hepatic expression of IGF-1 and its circulating levels. Elevated serum levels of 25-hydroxy vitamin D and alkaline phosphatase pointed toward an active process of bone formation. The acute stimulatory effect on bone growth occurred independently of body mass increase. Overall, the presented model of conventionalized germ-free rats could be used to study microbiota-based therapeutics for combatting dysbiosis-related bone disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr J Czernik
- Microbiome Consortium, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Rachel M Golonka
- Microbiome Consortium, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
- Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Saroj Chakraborty
- Microbiome Consortium, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
- Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Beng San Yeoh
- Microbiome Consortium, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
- Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Ahmed A Abokor
- Microbiome Consortium, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
- Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Piu Saha
- Microbiome Consortium, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
- Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Ji-Youn Yeo
- Microbiome Consortium, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
- Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Blair Mell
- Microbiome Consortium, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
- Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Xi Cheng
- Microbiome Consortium, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
- Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Sudipta Baroi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Yuan Tian
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Andrew D Patterson
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Bina Joe
- Microbiome Consortium, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
- Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Matam Vijay-Kumar
- Microbiome Consortium, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
- Center for Hypertension and Precision Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Beata Lecka-Czernik
- Microbiome Consortium, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
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Patriarca EJ, Cermola F, D’Aniello C, Fico A, Guardiola O, De Cesare D, Minchiotti G. The Multifaceted Roles of Proline in Cell Behavior. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:728576. [PMID: 34458276 PMCID: PMC8397452 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.728576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, we review the multifaceted roles of proline in cell biology. This peculiar cyclic imino acid is: (i) A main precursor of extracellular collagens (the most abundant human proteins), antimicrobial peptides (involved in innate immunity), salivary proteins (astringency, teeth health) and cornifins (skin permeability); (ii) an energy source for pathogenic bacteria, protozoan parasites, and metastatic cancer cells, which engage in extracellular-protein degradation to invade their host; (iii) an antistress molecule (an osmolyte and chemical chaperone) helpful against various potential harms (UV radiation, drought/salinity, heavy metals, reactive oxygen species); (iv) a neural metabotoxin associated with schizophrenia; (v) a modulator of cell signaling pathways such as the amino acid stress response and extracellular signal-related kinase pathway; (vi) an epigenetic modifier able to promote DNA and histone hypermethylation; (vii) an inducer of proliferation of stem and tumor cells; and (viii) a modulator of cell morphology and migration/invasiveness. We highlight how proline metabolism impacts beneficial tissue regeneration, but also contributes to the progression of devastating pathologies such as fibrosis and metastatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Gabriella Minchiotti
- Stem Cell Fate Laboratory, Institute of Genetics and Biophysics “A. Buzzati Traverso”, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Naples, Italy
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Anderson G. Endometriosis Pathoetiology and Pathophysiology: Roles of Vitamin A, Estrogen, Immunity, Adipocytes, Gut Microbiome and Melatonergic Pathway on Mitochondria Regulation. Biomol Concepts 2019; 10:133-149. [DOI: 10.1515/bmc-2019-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractEndometriosis is a common, often painful, condition that has significant implications for a woman’s fertility. Classically, endometriosis has been conceptualized as a local estrogen-mediated uterine condition driven by retrograde menstruation. However, recent work suggests that endometriosis may be a systemic condition modulated, if not driven, by prenatal processes. Although a diverse array of factors have been associated with endometriosis pathophysiology, recent data indicate that the low body mass index and decreased adipogenesis may be indicative of an early developmental etiology with alterations in metabolic function crucial to endometriosis pathoetiology.The present article reviews the data on the pathoetiology and pathophysiology of endometriosis, suggesting key roles for alterations in mitochondria functioning across a number of cell types and body systems, including the immune system and gut microbiome. These changes are importantly regulated by decreases in vitamin A and its retinoic acid metabolites as well as increases in mitochondria estrogen receptor-beta and the N-acetylserotonin/melatonin ratio across development. This has treatment and future research implications for this still poorly managed condition, as well as for the association of endometriosis with a number of cancers.
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Tan Y, Wei Z, Chen J, An J, Li M, Zhou L, Men Y, Zhao S. Save your gut save your age: The role of the microbiome in stem cell ageing. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:4866-4875. [PMID: 31207055 PMCID: PMC6653314 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The tremendous importance of microbiota in microbial homoeostasis, alterations in metabolism and both innate and adaptive immune systems has been well established. A growing body of evidence support that dysbiosis or compositional changes in gut microbiota is linked to the ageing of stem cells in terms of dysregulations of metabolism, aberrant activation of the immune system as well as promoting epigenetic instability of stem cell. In this concise review, we elucidate recent emerging topics on microbiotic alterations and underlying mechanisms in stem cell ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Tan
- Obstetrics and gynecology department, Dongguan nancheng hospital, Dongguan, China
| | - Zongke Wei
- Shenzhen Rekindle Biotech Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiaoliu Chen
- Obstetrics and gynecology department, Dongguan nancheng hospital, Dongguan, China
| | - Junli An
- Obstetrics and gynecology department, Dongguan nancheng hospital, Dongguan, China
| | - Manling Li
- Obstetrics and gynecology department, Dongguan nancheng hospital, Dongguan, China
| | - Liuyun Zhou
- Obstetrics and gynecology department, Dongguan nancheng hospital, Dongguan, China
| | - Yanhua Men
- Obstetrics and gynecology department, Dongguan nancheng hospital, Dongguan, China
| | - Shan Zhao
- Shenzhen Rekindle Biotech Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China
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