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Wang Z, Ye X, Zhou Y, Wu X, Hu R, Zhu J, Chen T, Huguet E, Shi M, Drezen JM, Huang J, Chen X. Bracoviruses recruit host integrases for their integration into caterpillar's genome. PLoS Genet 2021; 17:e1009751. [PMID: 34492000 PMCID: PMC8460044 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Some DNA viruses infect host animals usually by integrating their DNAs into the host genome. However, the mechanisms for integration remain largely unknown. Here, we find that Cotesia vestalis bracovirus (CvBV), a polydnavirus of the parasitic wasp C. vestalis (Haliday), integrates its DNA circles into host Plutella xylostella (L.) genome by two distinct strategies, conservatively and randomly, through high-throughput sequencing analysis. We confirmed that the conservatively integrating circles contain an essential "8+5" nucleotides motif which is required for integration. Then we find CvBV circles are integrated into the caterpillar's genome in three temporal patterns, the early, mid and late stage-integration. We further identify that three CvBV-encoded integrases are responsible for some, but not all of the virus circle integrations, indeed they mainly participate in the processes of early stage-integration. Strikingly, we find two P. xylostella retroviral integrases (PxIN1 and PxIN2) are highly induced upon wasp parasitism, and PxIN1 is crucial for integration of some other early-integrated CvBV circles, such as CvBV_04, CvBV_12 and CvBV_24, while PxIN2 is important for integration of a late-integrated CvBV circle, CvBV_21. Our data uncover a novel mechanism in which CvBV integrates into the infected host genome, not only by utilizing its own integrases, but also by recruiting host enzymes. These findings will strongly deepen our understanding of how bracoviruses regulate and integrate into their hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehua Wang
- Institute of Insect Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiqian Ye
- Institute of Insect Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuenan Zhou
- Institute of Insect Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaotong Wu
- Institute of Insect Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rongmin Hu
- Institute of Insect Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiachen Zhu
- Institute of Insect Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Institute of Insect Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Elisabeth Huguet
- UMR CNRS/ Université de Tours 7261 -IRBI: Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l’Insecte, Tours, France
| | - Min Shi
- Institute of Insect Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jean-Michel Drezen
- UMR CNRS/ Université de Tours 7261 -IRBI: Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l’Insecte, Tours, France
| | - Jianhua Huang
- Institute of Insect Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuexin Chen
- Institute of Insect Science, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- State Key Lab of Rice Biology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Chevignon G, Periquet G, Gyapay G, Vega-Czarny N, Musset K, Drezen JM, Huguet E. Cotesia congregata Bracovirus Circles Encoding PTP and Ankyrin Genes Integrate into the DNA of Parasitized Manduca sexta Hemocytes. J Virol 2018; 92:e00438-18. [PMID: 29769342 PMCID: PMC6052314 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00438-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Polydnaviruses (PDVs) are essential for the parasitism success of tens of thousands of species of parasitoid wasps. PDVs are present in wasp genomes as proviruses, which serve as the template for the production of double-stranded circular viral DNA carrying virulence genes that are injected into lepidopteran hosts. PDV circles do not contain genes coding for particle production, thereby impeding viral replication in caterpillar hosts during parasitism. Here, we investigated the fate of PDV circles of Cotesia congregata bracovirus during parasitism of the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta, by the wasp Cotesia congregata Sequences sharing similarities with host integration motifs (HIMs) of Microplitis demolitor bracovirus (MdBV) circles involved in integration into DNA could be identified in 12 CcBV circles, which encode PTP and VANK gene families involved in host immune disruption. A PCR approach performed on a subset of these circles indicated that they persisted in parasitized M. sexta hemocytes as linear forms, possibly integrated in host DNA. Furthermore, by using a primer extension capture method based on these HIMs and high-throughput sequencing, we could show that 8 out of 9 circles tested were integrated in M. sexta hemocyte genomic DNA and that integration had occurred specifically using the HIM, indicating that an HIM-mediated specific mechanism was involved in their integration. Investigation of BV circle insertion sites at the genome scale revealed that certain genomic regions appeared to be enriched in BV insertions, but no specific M. sexta target site could be identified.IMPORTANCE The identification of a specific and efficient integration mechanism shared by several bracovirus species opens the question of its role in braconid parasitoid wasp parasitism success. Indeed, results obtained here show massive integration of bracovirus DNA in somatic immune cells at each parasitism event of a caterpillar host. Given that bracoviruses do not replicate in infected cells, integration of viral sequences in host DNA might allow the production of PTP and VANK virulence proteins within newly dividing cells of caterpillar hosts that continue to develop during parasitism. Furthermore, this integration process could serve as a basis to understand how PDVs mediate the recently identified gene flux between parasitoid wasps and Lepidoptera and the frequency of these horizontal transfer events in nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germain Chevignon
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte, CNRS UMR 7261, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Georges Periquet
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte, CNRS UMR 7261, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Gabor Gyapay
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Genoscope (Centre National de Séquençage), Evry, France
| | - Nathalie Vega-Czarny
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Genoscope (Centre National de Séquençage), Evry, France
| | - Karine Musset
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte, CNRS UMR 7261, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Jean-Michel Drezen
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte, CNRS UMR 7261, Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Elisabeth Huguet
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte, CNRS UMR 7261, Université de Tours, Tours, France
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Kim Y, Hepat R. Baculoviral p94 homologs encoded in Cotesia plutellae bracovirus suppress both immunity and development of the diamondback moth, Plutellae xylostella. INSECT SCIENCE 2016; 23:235-244. [PMID: 25973570 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Polydnaviruses (PDVs) are a group of insect DNA viruses, which exhibit a mutual symbiotic relationship with their specific host wasps. Moreover, most encapsidated genes identified so far in PDVs share homologies with insect-originated genes, but not with virus-originated genes. In the meantime, PDVs associated with 2 wasp genera Cotesia and Glytapanteles encode some genes presumably originated from other viruses. Cotesia plutellae bracovirus (CpBV) encodes 4 genes homologous to baculoviral p94: CpBV-E94k1, CpBV-E94k2, CpBV-E94k3, and CpBV-E94k4. This study was conducted to predict the origin of CpBV-E94ks by comparing their sequences with those of baculoviral orthologs and to determine the physiological functions by their transient expressions in nonparasitized larvae and subsequent specific RNA interference. Our phylogenetic analysis indicated that CpBV-E94ks were clustered with other E94ks originated from different PDVs and shared high similarity with betabaculoviral p94s. These 4 CpBV genes were expressed during most developmental stages of the larvae of Plutella xylostella parasitized by C. plutellae. Expression of these 4 E94ks was mainly detected in hemocytes and fat body. Subsequent functional analysis by in vivo transient expression showed that all 4 viral genes significantly inhibited both host immune and developmental processes. These results suggest that CpBV-E94ks share an origin with betabaculoviral p94s and play parasitic roles in suppressing host immune and developmental processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggyun Kim
- Department of Bioresource Sciences, Andong National University, Andong, 760-749, Korea
| | - Rahul Hepat
- Department of Bioresource Sciences, Andong National University, Andong, 760-749, Korea
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Choi JY, Kwon SJ, Roh JY, Yang TJ, Li MS, Park BS, Kim Y, Woo SD, Jin BR, Je YH. Analysis of promoter activity of selected Cotesia plutellae bracovirus genes. J Gen Virol 2009; 90:1262-1269. [PMID: 19264605 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.009472-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In a previous study, we cloned 27 discrete genome segments of Cotesia plutellae bracovirus (CpBV) and provided the complete nucleotide sequences and annotation. Seven putative coding regions were predicted from one of the largest segments, CpBV-S30. The activity of promoters associated with six predicted ORFs from this segment were investigated using both transient and baculovirus expression assays with enhanced green fluorescent protein as a reporter gene. CpBV promoters showed activity earlier than the polyhedrin promoter and the activity of some of these promoters was superior to that of the Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcMNPV) ie-1 promoter in the baculovirus expression assays. The promoter of ORF3004 showed the highest level of activity in insect cells, exhibiting 24 % of the activity obtained with the AcMNPV polyhedrin promoter in Sf9 cells. In Spodoptera exigua larvae, the ORF3006 promoter showed the highest activity, with about 35 % of the activity measured with the polyhedrin promoter. In addition, analysis of the ORF3006 promoter revealed that the region between -382 and -422 from the translation start point was critical for activity of this promoter. These results suggest that the CpBV-S30 promoters characterized here could be useful tools in a variety of biotechnological applications, such as gene expression analyses and insecticide development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Young Choi
- Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Jin Kwon
- National Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Rural Development Administration, Suwon 441-707, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Yul Roh
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Jin Yang
- National Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Rural Development Administration, Suwon 441-707, Republic of Korea
| | - Ming Shun Li
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Beom-Seok Park
- National Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Rural Development Administration, Suwon 441-707, Republic of Korea
| | - Yonggyun Kim
- Department of Bioresource Sciences, Andong National University, Andong 760-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Dong Woo
- Department of Plant Medicine, College of Agriculture, Life and Environment Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 361-763, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Rae Jin
- College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Dong-A University, Busan 604-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Ho Je
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
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Huang F, Shi M, Chen YF, Cao TT, Chen XX. Oogenesis of Diadegma semiclausum (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) and its associated polydnavirus. Microsc Res Tech 2008; 71:676-83. [PMID: 18454475 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.20594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
We present a detailed ultrastructural analysis of ovary and calyx cell differentiation of Diadegma semiclausum. Numerous gametangia in various developmental stages were examined with electron microscopy to characterize the ultrastructure features of oogenesis, the most important of which is the development of nurse cells. In the germarium, the undifferentiated germ cells diversify, and one of the central cells of the cluster differentiates into an oocyte while the remaining become nurse cells. Germ cells continue developing in the vitellarium until mature and then enter into the calyx region. The calyx epithelium contains typical ichneumonid polydnaviruses with the following characteristics: (1) the virus particles assemble in the nuclei of calyx cells where they acquire an initial (inner) membrane, then migrate through the cytoplasm and budd out into the lumen of the ovary, at which time they acquire a second envelope (outer membrane); (2) the particle has a genome comprising several DNA segments. However, this new polydnavirus (Diadegma semiclausum polydnavirus) in the genus ichnovirus was not attached to the surface of the egg chorion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Huang
- Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310029, China
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Gundersen-Rindal DE, Lynn DE. Polydnavirus integration in lepidopteran host cells in vitro. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2003; 49:453-462. [PMID: 12770624 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-1910(03)00062-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The long-term persistence of polydnavirus (PDV) DNA in infected lepidopteran cell cultures has suggested that at least some of the virus sequences become integrated permanently into the cell genome. In the current study, we provide supportive evidence of this event. Cloned libraries were prepared from two different Lymantria dispar (gypsy moth) cell lines that had been maintained in continuous culture for more than five years after infection with Glyptapanteles indiensis PDV (GiPDV). Junction clones containing both insect chromosomal and polydnaviral sequences were isolated. Precise integration junction sites were identified by sequence comparison of linear (integrated) and circular forms of the GiPDV genome segment F, from which viral sequences originated. Host chromosomal sequences at the site of integration varied between the two L. dispar cell lines but virus sequence junctions were identical and contained a 4-base pair CATG palindromic repeat. The GiPDV segment F does not encode any self-replication or self-insertion proteins, suggesting a host-derived mechanism is responsible for its in vitro integration. The chromosomal site of one junction clone contained sequences indicative of a new L. dispar retrotransposon, including a putative reverse transcriptase and integrase located upstream of the site of viral integration. A potential mechanism is proposed for the integration of PDV DNA in vitro. It remains to be seen if integration of the virus also occurs in the lepidopteran host in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- D E Gundersen-Rindal
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Insect Biocontrol Laboratory, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA.
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Drezen JM, Provost B, Espagne E, Cattolico L, Dupuy C, Poirié M, Periquet G, Huguet E. Polydnavirus genome: integrated vs. free virus. JOURNAL OF INSECT PHYSIOLOGY 2003; 49:407-417. [PMID: 12770620 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-1910(03)00058-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Polydnaviruses are unique because of their obligatory association with thousands of parasitoid wasp species from the braconid and ichneumonid families of hymenopterans. PDVs are injected into the parasitized hosts and are essential for parasitism success. However, polydnaviruses are also unique because of their genome composed of multiple dsDNA segments. Cytological evidence has recently confirmed the results of genetic and molecular analyses indicating that PDV segments were integrated in the wasp genome. Moreover a phylogenetic study performed using the age of available fossils to calibrate the molecular clock indicated that the polydnaviruses harboured by braconid wasps have resided within the wasp genome for approximately 70 million years. In the absence of horizontal transmission, the evolution of the PDV genomes has been driven exclusively by the reproductive success they have offered the wasps. The consequences of this particular selection pressure can be observed in the gene content of certain PDV genomes from which increasing sequence data are available. Molecular mechanisms already identified could be involved in the acquisition and loss of genes by the PDV genomes and lead us to speculate on the definition of the virus genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-M Drezen
- Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte and Institut Fédératif de Recherche Biologie des Transposons et des Virus CNRS, Faculté des Sciences, Parc de Grandmont, 37200 Tours, France.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Turnbull
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546-0091, USA
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Volkoff AN, Rocher J, Cérutti P, Ohresser MCP, d'Aubenton-Carafa Y, Devauchelle G, Duonor-Cérutti M. Persistent expression of a newly characterized Hyposoter didymator polydnavirus gene in long-term infected lepidopteran cell lines. J Gen Virol 2001; 82:963-969. [PMID: 11257204 DOI: 10.1099/0022-1317-82-4-963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
An Hyposoter didymator ichnovirus (HdIV) gene was stably maintained and efficiently transcribed in lepidopteran cell lines more than 3 years after HdIV infection. This K-gene had two introns and the fully spliced cDNA, named K19, comprised a short open reading frame and a long 3'-untranslated region with 13 imperfectly repeated sequences (44 to 102 nt). Transcripts related to the K-gene were detected in several long-term infected cell lines (Sf9, Spodoptera littoralis haemocytes, Trichoplusia ni). Conversely, no transcripts related to seven other viral cDNAs were detected, suggesting that the K-related DNA is selectively retained in long-term infected Sf9 cells. The function of the K-gene product and its association with stably transformed insect cell lines remains to be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Nathalie Volkoff
- Laboratoire de Recherches de Pathologie Comparée, INRA-CNRS, 30380 Saint-Christol-les-Alès, France1
| | - Janick Rocher
- Laboratoire de Recherches de Pathologie Comparée, INRA-CNRS, 30380 Saint-Christol-les-Alès, France1
| | - Pierre Cérutti
- Laboratoire de Recherches de Pathologie Comparée, INRA-CNRS, 30380 Saint-Christol-les-Alès, France1
| | - Marc C P Ohresser
- Laboratoire de Recherches de Pathologie Comparée, INRA-CNRS, 30380 Saint-Christol-les-Alès, France1
| | | | - Gérard Devauchelle
- Laboratoire de Recherches de Pathologie Comparée, INRA-CNRS, 30380 Saint-Christol-les-Alès, France1
| | - Martine Duonor-Cérutti
- Laboratoire de Recherches de Pathologie Comparée, INRA-CNRS, 30380 Saint-Christol-les-Alès, France1
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Gundersen-Rindal D, Dougherty EM. Evidence for integration of Glyptapanteles indiensis polydnavirus DNA into the chromosome of Lymantria dispar in vitro. Virus Res 2000; 66:27-37. [PMID: 10653915 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-1702(99)00125-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Polydnaviruses replicate within calyx cells of the female ovaries of certain species of parasitic wasps and are required for the successful parasitization of lepidopteran hosts. These viruses, which have unusual double-stranded circular DNA segmented genomes, are integrated as proviruses into the genomes of their associated wasp hosts and are believed to be transmitted vertically through germline tissue. Here, by combined Southern hybridization, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays and viral sequence analyses we provide evidence that DNA originating from two distinct double-stranded circular segments of the polydnavirus genome from the braconid Glyptapanteles indiensis (GiPDV) integrates in vitro into the genome of cells derived from the natural host, Lymantria dispar. The G. indiensis polydnavirus DNA, as a result of its unique ability to be integrated in part into the chromosome of cells derived from its lepidopteran host, has potential to be developed as an in vitro cell transformation system.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Gundersen-Rindal
- US Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Insect Biocontrol Laboratory, Room 214, Building 011A, BARC West, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
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