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Glushkov EV, Glushkova NV, Ermolenko OA, Tatarinov AM. Study of Ultrasonic Guided Wave Propagation in Bone Composite Structures for Revealing Osteoporosis Diagnostic Indicators. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:6179. [PMID: 37763457 PMCID: PMC10532914 DOI: 10.3390/ma16186179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Tubular bones are layered waveguide structures composed of soft tissue, cortical and porous bone tissue, and bone marrow. Ultrasound diagnostics of such biocomposites are based on the guided wave excitation and registration by piezoelectric transducers applied to the waveguide surface. Meanwhile, the upper sublayers shield the diseased interior, creating difficulties in extracting information about its weakening from the surface signals. To overcome these difficulties, we exploit the advantages of the Green's matrix-based approach and adopt the methods and algorithms developed for the guided wave structural health monitoring of industrial composites. Based on the computer models implementing this approach and experimental measurements performed on bone phantoms, we analyze the feasibility of using different wave characteristics to detect hidden diagnostic signs of developing osteoporosis. It is shown that, despite the poor excitability of the most useful modes associated with the diseased inner layers, the use of the improved matrix pencil method combined with objective functions based on the Green's matrix allows for effective monitoring of changes in the elastic moduli of the deeper sublayers. We also note the sensitivity and monotonic dependence of the resonance response frequencies on the degradation of elastic properties, making them a promising indicator for osteoporosis diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny V. Glushkov
- Institute for Mathematics, Mechanics and Informatics, Kuban State University, Krasnodar 350040, Russia; (N.V.G.); (O.A.E.)
| | - Natalia V. Glushkova
- Institute for Mathematics, Mechanics and Informatics, Kuban State University, Krasnodar 350040, Russia; (N.V.G.); (O.A.E.)
| | - Olga A. Ermolenko
- Institute for Mathematics, Mechanics and Informatics, Kuban State University, Krasnodar 350040, Russia; (N.V.G.); (O.A.E.)
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Minonzio JG, Ramiandrisoa D, Schneider J, Kohut E, Streichhahn M, Stervbo U, Wirth R, Westhoff TH, Raum K, Babel N. Bi-Directional Axial Transmission measurements applied in a clinical environment. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0277831. [PMID: 36584002 PMCID: PMC9803229 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0277831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate measurement of cortical bone parameters may improve fracture risk assessment and help clinicians on the best treatment strategy. Patients at risk of fracture are currently detected using the current X-Ray gold standard DXA (Dual XRay Absorptiometry). Different alternatives, such as 3D X-Rays, Magnetic Resonance Imaging or Quantitative Ultrasound (QUS) devices, have been proposed, the latter having advantages of being portable and sensitive to mechanical and geometrical properties. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the performance of a Bi-Directional Axial Transmission (BDAT) device used by trained operators in a clinical environment with older subjects. The device, positioned at one-third distal radius, provides two velocities: VFAS (first arriving signal) and VA0 (first anti-symmetrical guided mode). Moreover, two parameters are obtained from an inverse approach: Ct.Th (cortical thickness) and Ct.Po (cortical porosity), along with their ratio Ct.Po/Ct.Th. The areal bone mineral density (aBMD) was obtained using DXA at the femur and spine. One hundred and six patients (81 women, 25 men) from Marien Hospital and St. Anna Hospital (Herne, Germany) were included in this study. Age ranged from 41 to 95 years, while body mass index (BMI) ranged from 16 to 47 kg.m-2. Three groups were considered: 79 non-fractured patients (NF, 75±13years), 27 with non-traumatic fractures (F, 80±9years) including 14 patients with non-vertebral fractures (NVF, 84±7years). Weak to moderate significant Spearman correlations (R ranging from 0.23 to 0.53, p < 0.05) were found between ultrasound parameters and age, BMI. Using multivariate Partial Least Square discrimination analyses with Leave-One-Out Cross-Validation (PLS-LOOCV), we found the combination of VFAS and the ratio Ct.Po/Ct.Th to be predictive for all non traumatic fractures (F) with the odds ratio (OR) equals to 2.5 [1.6-3.4] and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) equal to 0.63 [0.62-0.65]. For the group NVF, combination of four parameters VA0. Ct.Th, Ct.Po and Ct.Po/Ct.Po, along with age provides a discrimination model with OR and AUC equals to 7.5 [6.0-9.1] and 0.75 [0.73-0.76]. When restricted to a smaller population (87 patients) common to both BDAT and DXA, BDAT ORs and AUCs are comparable or slightly higher to values obtained with DXA. The fracture risk assessment by BDAT method in older patients, in a clinical setting, suggests the benefit of the affordable and transportable device for the routine use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Gabriel Minonzio
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMR S 1146, CNRS UMR 7371, Laboratoire d’Imagerie Biomédicale, Paris, France
- Escuela de Ingeniería Informática, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ingeniería en Salud, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Johannes Schneider
- Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Eva Kohut
- Medical Clinic I, Marien Hospital Herne, Ruhr University, Bochum, Herne, Germany
| | - Melanie Streichhahn
- Medical Clinic I, Marien Hospital Herne, Ruhr University, Bochum, Herne, Germany
| | - Ulrik Stervbo
- Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
- Center for Translational Medicine and Immune Diagnostics Laboratory, Medical Department I, Marien Hospital Herne, Ruhr University, Bochum, Herne, Germany
| | - Rainer Wirth
- Department for Geriatric Medicine, Marien Hospital Herne, Ruhr University Bochum, Herne, Germany
| | - Timm Henning Westhoff
- Center for Translational Medicine and Immune Diagnostics Laboratory, Medical Department I, Marien Hospital Herne, Ruhr University, Bochum, Herne, Germany
| | - Kay Raum
- Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Nina Babel
- Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
- Center for Translational Medicine and Immune Diagnostics Laboratory, Medical Department I, Marien Hospital Herne, Ruhr University, Bochum, Herne, Germany
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Behforootan S, Thorniley M, Minonzio JG, Boughton O, Karia M, Bhattacharya R, Hansen U, Cobb J, Abel R. Can guided wave ultrasound predict bone mechanical properties at the femoral neck in patients undergoing hip arthroplasty? J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2022; 136:105468. [PMID: 36244325 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2022.105468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The bone quality of patients undergoing hip replacement surgery is poorly predicted by radiographs alone. With better bone quality information available to a surgeon, the operation can be performed more safely. The aim of this study was to investigate whether ultrasound signals of cortical bone at peripheral sites such as the tibia and radius can be used to predict the compressive mechanical properties of cortical bone at the femoral neck. We recruited 19 patients undergoing elective hip arthroplasty and assessed the radius and tibia of these patients with the Azalée guided wave ultrasound to estimate the porosity and thickness of the cortex. Excess bone tissues were collected from the femoral neck and the compressive mechanical properties of the cortex were characterised under a mechanical loading rig to determine stiffness, ultimate strength, and density. The correlations between the ultrasound measurements and mechanical properties were analysed using linear regression, Pearson correlation statistics, and multiple regression analysis. Cortical mechanical properties were weakly to moderately correlated with the ultrasound measurements at various sites (R2 = 0.00-0.36). The significant correlations found were not consistent across all 4 peripheral measurement sites. Additionally, weak to moderate ability of the ultrasound to predict mechanical properties at the neck of femur with multiple regression analysis was found (R2 = 0.00-0.48). Again, this was inconsistent across the different anatomical sites. Overall, the results demonstrate the need for ultrasound scans to be collected directly from clinically relevant sites such as the femoral neck due to the inconsistency of mechanical properties across various sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Behforootan
- MSK Lab, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, UK.
| | - Madelaine Thorniley
- MSK Lab, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Jean-Gabriel Minonzio
- Escuela de Ingeniería Informática, Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ingeniería en Salud, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile & Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMR S 1146, CNRS UMR 7371, Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale, Paris, France
| | - Oliver Boughton
- MSK Lab, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Monil Karia
- MSK Lab, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, UK
| | | | - Ulrich Hansen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Justin Cobb
- MSK Lab, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, UK
| | - Richard Abel
- MSK Lab, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, UK
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Tran TNHT, Le LH, Ta D. Ultrasonic Guided Waves in Bone: A Decade of Advancement in Review. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS, FERROELECTRICS, AND FREQUENCY CONTROL 2022; 69:2875-2895. [PMID: 35930519 DOI: 10.1109/tuffc.2022.3197095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The use of guided wave ultrasonography as a means to assess cortical bone quality has been a significant practice in bone quantitative ultrasound for more than 20 years. In this article, the key developments within the technology of ultrasonic guided waves (UGW) in long bones during the past decade are documented. The covered topics include data acquisition configurations available for measuring bone guided waveforms, signal processing techniques applied to bone UGW, numerical modeling of ultrasonic wave propagation in cortical long bones, formulation of inverse approaches to extract bone properties from observed ultrasonic signals, and clinical studies to establish the technology's application and efficacy. The review concludes by highlighting specific challenging problems and future research directions. In general, the primary purpose of this work is to provide a comprehensive overview of bone guided-wave ultrasound, especially for newcomers to this scientific field.
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5
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Osteoporosis Screening: Applied Methods and Technological Trends. Med Eng Phys 2022; 108:103887. [DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2022.103887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Gu M, Li Y, Shi Q, Tran TNHT, Song X, Li D, Ta D. Meta-Learning Analysis of Ultrasonic Guided Waves for Coated Cortical Bone Characterization. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS, FERROELECTRICS, AND FREQUENCY CONTROL 2022; 69:2010-2027. [PMID: 35271439 DOI: 10.1109/tuffc.2022.3155780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Due to its sensitivity to geometrical and mechanical properties of waveguides, ultrasonic guided waves (UGWs) propagating in cortical bones play an important role in the early diagnosis of osteoporosis. However, as impacts of overlaid soft tissues are complex, it remains challenging to retrieve bone properties accurately. Meta-learning, i.e., learning to learn, is capable of extracting transferable features from a few data and, thus, suitable to capture potential characteristics, leading to accurate bone assessment. In this study, we investigate the feasibility to apply the multichannel identification neural network (MCINN) to estimate the thickness and bulk velocities of coated cortical bone. It minimizes the effects of soft tissue by extracting specific features of UGW, which shares the same cortical properties, while the overlaid soft tissue varies. Distinguished from most reported methods, this work moves from the hand-design inversion scheme to data-driven assessment by automatically mapping features of UGW to the space of bone properties. The MCINN was trained and validated using simulated datasets produced by the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method and then applied to experimental data obtained from cortical bovine bone plates overlaid with soft tissue mimics. A good match was found between experimental trajectories and theoretical dispersion curves. The results demonstrated that the proposed method was feasible to assess the thickness of coated cortical bone plates.
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Peters R, Castro PT, Matos APP, Ribeiro G, Lopes Dos Santos J, Araujo Júnior E, Werner H. Virtual segmentation of three-dimensional ultrasound images of morphological structures of an ex vivo ectopic pregnancy inside a fallopian tube. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ULTRASOUND : JCU 2022; 50:535-539. [PMID: 35285030 DOI: 10.1002/jcu.23193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ex vivo ultrasound (US) of human tissues has been used for decades on the study of the acoustic physical aspects of the US, to the study of the morphology of the organs. Using three-dimensional (3D) US, we demonstrate the possibilities to study surgical specimens from gynecological conditions. 3D images of the surgical specimen were collected and virtually segmented according to the contrast of its images, providing a 3D image of the ectopic pregnancy and its effects on the fallopian tube.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Peters
- Department of Fetal Medicine, Hospital Bom Pastor, Igrejinha, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Edward Araujo Júnior
- Department of Obstetrics, Paulista School of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo (EPM-UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Medical course, Municipal University of São Caetano do Sul (USCS), Bela Vista Campus, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Heron Werner
- Biodesign Laboratory DASA / PUC, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Shi Q, Li Y, Liu Y, Gu M, Song X, Liu C, Ta D, Wang W. Index-Rotated Fast Ultrasound Imaging of Cortical Bone Based on Predicted Velocity Model. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS, FERROELECTRICS, AND FREQUENCY CONTROL 2022; 69:1582-1595. [PMID: 35275812 DOI: 10.1109/tuffc.2022.3157256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Due to the significant acoustic impedance contrast at cortical boundaries, highly inside attenuation, and the unknown sound velocity distribution, accurate ultrasound cortical bone imaging remains a challenge, especially for the traditional pulse-echo modalities using unique sound velocity. Moreover, the large amounts of data recorded by multielement probe results in a relatively time-consuming reconstruction process. To overcome these limitations, this article proposed an index-rotated fast ultrasound imaging method based on predicted velocity model (IR-FUI-VP) for cortical cross section ultrasound tomography (UST) imaging, utilizing ray-tracing synthetic aperture (RTSA). In virtue of ring probe, the sound velocity model was predicted in advance using bent-ray inversion (BRI). With the predicted velocity model, index-rotated fast ultrasound imaging (IR-FUI) was further applied to image the cortical cross sections in the sectors corresponding to the dynamic apertures (DAs) and ring center. The final result was merged by all sector images. One cortical bone phantom and two ex vivo bovine femurs were utilized to demonstrate the performance of the proposed method. Compared to the conventional synthetic aperture (SA) imaging, the method can not only accurately image the outer cortical boundary but also precisely reconstruct the inner cortical surface. The mean relative errors of the predicted sound velocity in the region of interest (ROI) were all smaller than 7%, and the mean errors of cortical thickness are all less than 0.31 mm. The reconstructed images of bovine femurs were in good agreement with the reference images scanned by micro-computed tomography ( μ CT) with respect to the morphology and thickness. The speed of IR-FUI is about 3.73 times faster than the traditional SA. It is proved that the proposed IR-FUI-VP-based UST is an effective way for fast and accurate cortical bone imaging.
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Gu M, Li Y, Tran TNHT, Song X, Shi Q, Xu K, Ta D. Spectrogram decomposition of ultrasonic guided waves for cortical thickness assessment using basis learning. ULTRASONICS 2022; 120:106665. [PMID: 34968990 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultras.2021.106665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Due to its multimode and dispersive nature, ultrasonic guided waves (UGWs) usually consist of overlapped wave packets, which challenge accurate bone characterization. To overcome this obstacle, a classic idea is to separate individual modes and to extract the corresponding dispersion curves. Reported single-channel mode separation algorithms mainly focused on offering a time-frequency representation (TFR) where the energy distributions of individual modes were apart from each other. However, such approaches are still limited to identifying the modes without significant overlapping in time-frequency domain. In this study, a spectrogram decomposition technique was developed based on a combination strategy of generalized separable nonnegative matrix factorization (GS-NMF) and adaptive basis learning, towards the automatic mode extraction under severe overlapping and low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The extracted modes were further used for cortical thickness estimation. The method was verified using broadband simulated and experimental datasets. Experiments were conducted on a bone-mimicking plate and bovine cortical bone plates. For simulated data, the relative errors between extracted and theoretical dispersion curves are 1.33% (SNR = ∞), 1.43% (SNR = 10 dB) and 0.88% (SNR = 5 dB). The root-mean-square errors of the estimated thickness for 3.10 mm-thick bone-mimicking plate, 3.83 mm- and 4.00 mm-thick bovine cortical bone plates are 0.039 mm, 0.049 mm, and 0.052 mm, respectively. It is demonstrated that the proposed method is capable of separating multimodal UGWs even under significantly overlapping and low SNR conditions, further facilitating the UGW-based cortical thickness assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meilin Gu
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yifang Li
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; School of Intelligent Engineering and Intelligent Manufacturing, Hunan University of Technology and Business, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Tho N H T Tran
- Academy for Engineering and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaojun Song
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Qinzhen Shi
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Kailiang Xu
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Academy for Engineering and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Dean Ta
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China; Academy for Engineering and Technology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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10
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Karbalaeisadegh Y, Muller M. Ultrasound Scattering in Cortical Bone. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1364:177-196. [PMID: 35508876 PMCID: PMC10823499 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-91979-5_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in imaging of bone microstructure have led to a growing recognition of the role of cortical microstructure in osteoporosis. It is now accepted that the assessment of the microstructure of cortical porosity is essential to assess bone mechanical competence and predict fracture risk. Cortical porosity affects the propagation of ultrasound waves because pores act as ultrasound scatterers. Scattering by the porosity is an opportunity that should be leveraged to extract quantitative information about cortical microstructure. Scattering by the pores affects a number of ultrasound parameters that should be quantified, including attenuation, backscatter coefficient, ultrasound diffusivity, and their frequency dependence. Measuring these ultrasound parameters and developing models that describe their dependence upon parameters of cortical microstructure is the key to solve inverse problems that will allow the quantitative assessment of cortical porosity and ultimately will improve the non-invasive ultrasound-based evaluation of bone mechanical competence and fracture risk. In this chapter, we present recent advances in measuring and modeling those parameters in cortical bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasamin Karbalaeisadegh
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Marie Muller
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
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Tran TN H T, Xu K, Le LH, Ta D. Signal Processing Techniques Applied to Axial Transmission Ultrasound. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1364:95-117. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-91979-5_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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12
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Bochud N, Laugier P. Axial Transmission: Techniques, Devices and Clinical Results. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1364:55-94. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-91979-5_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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13
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Cai X, Bernard S, Grimal Q. Documenting the Anisotropic Stiffness of Hard Tissues with Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1364:279-295. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-91979-5_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Li Y, Xu K, Li Y, Xu F, Ta D, Wang W. Deep Learning Analysis of Ultrasonic Guided Waves for Cortical Bone Characterization. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS, FERROELECTRICS, AND FREQUENCY CONTROL 2021; 68:935-951. [PMID: 32956055 DOI: 10.1109/tuffc.2020.3025546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ultrasonic guided waves (UGWs) propagating in the long cortical bone can be measured via the axial transmission method. The characterization of long cortical bone using UGW is a multiparameter inverse problem. The optimal solution of the inverse problem often includes a complex solving process. Deep neural networks (DNNs) are essentially powerful multiparameter predictors based on universal approximation theorem, which are suitable for solving parameter predictions in the inverse problem by constructing the mapping relationship between UGW and cortical bone material parameters. In this study, we investigate the feasibility of applying the multichannel crossed convolutional neural network (MCC-CNN) to simultaneously estimate cortical thickness and bulk velocities (longitudinal and transverse). Unlike the multiparameter estimation in most previous studies, the technique mentioned in this work avoids solving a multiparameter optimization problem directly. The finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method is performed to obtain the simulated UGW array signals for training the MCC-CNN. The network that is exclusively trained on simulated data sets can predict cortical parameters from the experimental UGW data. The proposed method is confirmed by using FDTD simulation signals and experimental data obtained from four bone-mimicking plates and from ten ex vivo bovine cortical bones. The estimated root-mean-squared error (RMSE) in the simulated test data for the longitudinal bulk velocity ( VL ), transverse bulk velocity ( VT ), and cortical thickness (Th) is 97 m/s, 53 m/s, and 0.089 mm, respectively. The predicted RMSE in the bone-mimicking phantom experiments for VL|| , VT|| , and Th is 120 m/s, 80 m/s, and 0.14 mm, respectively. The experimental dispersion trajectories are matched with the theoretical dispersion curves calculated by the predicted parameters in ex vivo bovine cortical bone experiments. Our proposed method demonstrates a feasible approach for the accurate evaluation of long cortical bones based on UGW.
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Iori G, Du J, Hackenbeck J, Kilappa V, Raum K. Estimation of Cortical Bone Microstructure From Ultrasound Backscatter. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS, FERROELECTRICS, AND FREQUENCY CONTROL 2021; 68:1081-1095. [PMID: 33104498 DOI: 10.1109/tuffc.2020.3033050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Multichannel pulse-echo ultrasound using linear arrays and single-channel data acquisition systems opens new perspectives for the evaluation of cortical bone. In combination with spectral backscatter analysis, it can provide quantitative information about cortical microstructural properties. We present a numerical study, based on the finite-difference time-domain method, to estimate the backscatter cross section of randomly distributed circular pores in a bone matrix. A model that predicts the backscatter coefficient using arbitrary pore diameter distributions was derived. In an ex vivo study on 19 human tibia bones (six males, 13 females, 83.7 ± 8.4 years), multidirectional ultrasound backscatter measurements were performed using an ultrasound scanner equipped with a 6-MHz 128-element linear array with sweep motor control. A normalized depth-dependent spectral analysis was performed to derive backscatter and attenuation coefficients. Site-matched reference values of tissue acoustic impedance Z , cortical thickness (Ct.Th), pore density (Ct.Po.Dn), porosity (Ct.Po), and characteristic parameters of the pore diameter (Ct.Po.Dm) distribution were obtained from 100-MHz scanning-acoustic microscopy images. Proximal femur areal bone mineral density (aBMD), stiffness S , and ultimate force Fu from the same donors were available from a previous study. All pore structure and material properties could be predicted using linear combinations of backscatter parameters with a median to high accuracy (0.28 ≤ adjusted R2 ≤ 0.59). The combination of cortical thickness and backscatter parameter provided similar or better prediction accuracies than aBMD. For the first time, a method for the noninvasive assessment of the pore diameter distribution in cortical bone by ultrasound is proposed. The combined assessment of cortical thickness, sound velocity, and pore size distribution in a mobile, nonionizing measurement system could have a major impact on preventing osteoporotic fractures.
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Peralta L, Maeztu Redin JD, Fan F, Cai X, Laugier P, Schneider J, Raum K, Grimal Q. Bulk Wave Velocities in Cortical Bone Reflect Porosity and Compression Strength. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2021; 47:799-808. [PMID: 33341302 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2020.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to evaluate whether ultrasonic velocities in cortical bone can be considered as a proxy for mechanical quality of cortical bone tissue reflected by porosity and compression strength. Micro-computed tomography, compression mechanical testing and resonant ultrasound spectroscopy were used to assess, respectively, porosity, strength and velocity of bulk waves of both shear and longitudinal polarisations propagating along and perpendicular to osteons, in 92 cortical bone specimens from tibia and femur of elderly human donors. All velocities were significantly associated with strength (r = 0.65-0.83) and porosity (r = -0.64 to -0.77). Roughly, according to linear regression models, a decrease in velocity of 100 m/s corresponded to a loss of 20 MPa in strength (which is approximately 10% of the largest strength value) and to an increase in porosity of 5%. These results provide a rationale for the in vivo measurement of one or several velocities for the diagnosis of bone fragility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Peralta
- Sorbonne Universite, INSERM, CNRS, Laboratoire d'lmagerie Biomedicale, LIB, F-75006 Paris, France; Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering & Imaging Sciences, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Juan Deyo Maeztu Redin
- Sorbonne Universite, INSERM, CNRS, Laboratoire d'lmagerie Biomedicale, LIB, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Fan Fan
- Sorbonne Universite, INSERM, CNRS, Laboratoire d'lmagerie Biomedicale, LIB, F-75006 Paris, France; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiran Cai
- Sorbonne Universite, INSERM, CNRS, Laboratoire d'lmagerie Biomedicale, LIB, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Pascal Laugier
- Sorbonne Universite, INSERM, CNRS, Laboratoire d'lmagerie Biomedicale, LIB, F-75006 Paris, France
| | - Johannes Schneider
- Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies, Charit-Universittsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kay Raum
- Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies, Charit-Universittsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Quentin Grimal
- Sorbonne Universite, INSERM, CNRS, Laboratoire d'lmagerie Biomedicale, LIB, F-75006 Paris, France
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17
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Nguyen Minh H, Du J, Raum K. Estimation of Thickness and Speed of Sound in Cortical Bone Using Multifocus Pulse-Echo Ultrasound. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ULTRASONICS, FERROELECTRICS, AND FREQUENCY CONTROL 2020; 67:568-579. [PMID: 31647428 DOI: 10.1109/tuffc.2019.2948896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Most bone loss during the development of osteoporosis occurs in cortical bone at the peripheral skeleton. Decreased cortical thickness (Ct.Th) and the prevalence of large pores at the tibia are associated with reduced bone strength at the hip. Ct.Th and cortical sound velocity, i.e., a surrogate marker for changes of cortical porosity (Ct.Po), are key biomarkers for the identification of patients at high fracture risk. In this study, we have developed a method using a conventional ultrasound array transducer to determine thickness (Ct.Th) and the compressional sound velocity propagating in the radial bone direction (Ct. ν11 ) using a refraction-corrected multifocus imaging approach. The method was validated in-silico on porous bone plate models using a 2-D finite-difference time-domain method and ex vivo on plate-shaped plastic reference materials and on plate-shaped cortical bovine tibia samples. Plane-wave pulse-echo measurements provided reference values to assess precision and accuracy of our method. In-silico results revealed the necessity to account for inclination-dependent transmission losses at the bone surface. Moreover, the dependence of Ct. ν11 on both porosity and pore density was observed. Ct.Th and Ct. ν11 obtained ex vivo showed a high correlation ) with reference values. The ex-vivo accuracy and precision for Ct. ν11 were 29.9 m/s and 0.94%, respectively, and those for Ct.Th were 0.04 mm and 1.09%, respectively. In conclusion, this numerical and experimental study demonstrates an accurate and precise estimation of Ct.Th and Ct. ν11 . The developed multifocus technique may have high clinical potential to improve fracture risk prediction using noninvasive and nonionizing conventional ultrasound technology with image guidance.
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18
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Raimann A, Mehany SN, Feil P, Weber M, Pietschmann P, Boni-Mikats A, Klepochova R, Krššák M, Häusler G, Schneider J, Patsch JM, Raum K. Decreased Compressional Sound Velocity Is an Indicator for Compromised Bone Stiffness in X-Linked Hypophosphatemic Rickets (XLH). Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:355. [PMID: 32582030 PMCID: PMC7296046 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To assess the diagnostic potential of bidirectional axial transmission (BDAT) ultrasound, and high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) in X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH, OMIM #307800), a rare genetic disorder of phosphate metabolism caused by mutations in the PHEX gene. Methods: BDAT bone ultrasound was performed at the non-dominant distal radius (33% relative to distal head) and the central left tibia (50%) in eight XLH patients aged between 4.2 and 20.8 years and compared to twenty-nine healthy controls aged between 5.8 and 22.4 years. In eighteen controls, only radius measurements were performed. Four patients and four controls opted to participate in HR-pQCT scanning of the ultradistal radius and tibia. Results: Bone ultrasound was feasible in patients and controls as young as 4 years of age. The velocity of the first arriving signal (νFAS) in BDAT ultrasound was significantly lower in XLH patients compared to healthy controls: In the radius, mean νFAS of XLH patients and controls was 3599 ± 106 and 3866 ± 142 m/s, respectively (-6.9%; p < 0.001). In the tibia, it was 3578 ± 129 and 3762 ± 124 m/s, respectively (-4.9%; p = 0.006). HR-pQCT showed a higher trabecular thickness in the tibia of XLH patients (+16.7%; p = 0.021). Conclusions: Quantitative bone ultrasound revealed significant differences in cortical bone quality of young XLH patients as compared to controls. Regular monitoring of XLH patients by a radiation-free technology such as BDAT might provide valuable information on bone quality and contribute to the optimization of treatment. Further studies are needed to establish this affordable and time efficient method in the XLH patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adalbert Raimann
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergology and Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sarah N. Mehany
- Division of General and Pediatric Radiology, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Patricia Feil
- Division of Pediatric Surgery, Department of Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Weber
- Division of General and Pediatric Radiology, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Peter Pietschmann
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Boni-Mikats
- Division of General and Pediatric Radiology, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Radka Klepochova
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, The High Field MR Centre, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Krššák
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, The High Field MR Centre, Vienna, Austria
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Clinical Molecular MR Imaging—MOLIMA, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gabriele Häusler
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergology and Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johannes Schneider
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, BCRT - Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin, Germany
| | - Janina M. Patsch
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Allergology and Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Division of General and Pediatric Radiology, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- *Correspondence: Janina M. Patsch
| | - Kay Raum
- Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, BCRT - Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin, Germany
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19
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Schneider J, Ramiandrisoa D, Armbrecht G, Ritter Z, Felsenberg D, Raum K, Minonzio JG. In Vivo Measurements of Cortical Thickness and Porosity at the Proximal Third of the Tibia Using Guided Waves: Comparison with Site-Matched Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography and Distal High-Resolution Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography. ULTRASOUND IN MEDICINE & BIOLOGY 2019; 45:1234-1242. [PMID: 30777311 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2019.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to estimate cortical porosity (Ct.Po) and cortical thickness (Ct.Th) using 500-kHz bi-directional axial transmission (AT). Ct.ThAT and Ct.PoAT were obtained at the tibia in 15 patients from a 2-D transverse isotropic free plate model fitted to measured guided wave dispersion curves. The velocities of the first arriving signal (υFAS) and A0 mode (υA0) were also determined. Site-matched peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) provided volumetric cortical bone mineral density (Ct.vBMDpQCT) and Ct.ThpQCT. Good agreement was found between Ct.ThAT and Ct.ThpQCT (R2 = 0.62, root mean square error [RMSE] = 0.39 mm). Ct.vBMDpQCT correlated with Ct.PoAT (R2 = 0.57), υFAS (R2 = 0.43) and υA0 (R2 = 0.28). Furthermore, a significant correlation was found between AT and distal high-resolution pQCT. The measurement ofcortical parameters at the tibia using guided waves might improve the prediction of bone fractures in a cost-effective and radiation-free manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Schneider
- Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies (BSRT), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Donatien Ramiandrisoa
- Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale (LIB), Sorbonne University, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France; BleuSolid, Pomponne, France
| | - Gabriele Armbrecht
- Center for Muscle and Bone Research (ZMK), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Zully Ritter
- Center for Muscle and Bone Research (ZMK), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dieter Felsenberg
- Center for Muscle and Bone Research (ZMK), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kay Raum
- Berlin-Brandenburg School for Regenerative Therapies (BSRT), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Jean-Gabriel Minonzio
- Laboratoire d'Imagerie Biomédicale (LIB), Sorbonne University, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France; Escuela de Ingeniería Civil en Informática, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
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