Gut Microbiota Imbalance Can Be Associated with Non-malabsorptive Small Bowel Shortening Regardless of Blind Loop

Bacterial Translocation as a Source of Postoperative Fever After Revision of a Previous Duodenal Switch for Super-morbid Obesity: A Case Report

Bacterial translocation is defined as the invasion of gut bacteria or bacterial products to the systemic circulation via permeation through the gastrointestinal mucosal wall. In this article, we present the case of a patient with postoperative fever of unknown origin which was attributed to bacterial translocation after revisional surgery due to malabsorptive complications after an initial duodenal switch for super-morbid obesity.

Gut Microbiota, Probiotics and Psychological States and Behaviors after Bariatric Surgery-A Systematic Review of Their Interrelation

The gastrointestinal (GI) microbiota plays an important role in health and disease, including brain function and behavior. Bariatric surgery (BS) has been reported to result in various changes in the GI microbiota, therefore demanding the investigation of the impact of GI microbiota on treatment success. The goal of this systematic review was to assess the effects of BS on the microbiota composition in humans and other vertebrates, whether probiotics influence postoperative health, and whether microbiota and psychological and behavioral factors interact. A search was conducted using PubMed and Web of Science to find relevant studies with respect to the GI microbiota and probiotics after BS, and later screened for psychological and behavioral parameters. Studies were classified into groups and subgroups to provide a clear overview of the outcomes. Microbiota changes were further assessed for whether they were specific to BS in humans through the comparison to sham operated controls in other vertebrate studies. Changes in alpha diversity appear not to be specific, whereas dissimilarity in overall microbial community structure, and increases in the abundance of the phylum Proteobacteria and Akkermansia spp. within the phylum Verrucomicrobia after surgery were observed in both human and other vertebrates studies and may be specific to BS in humans. Human probiotic studies differed regarding probiotic strains and dosages, however it appeared that probiotic interventions were not superior to a placebo for quality of life scores or weight loss after BS. The relationship between GI microbiota and psychological diseases in this context is unclear due to insufficient available data.