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Cao H, Liu Q, Liu Y, Zhao J, Qiao W, Wang Y, Liu Y, Chen L. Progress in triacylglycerol isomer detection in milk lipids. Food Chem X 2024; 22:101433. [PMID: 38764784 PMCID: PMC11101684 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
In triacylglycerols (TAGs), position differences of fatty acids on the glycerol skeleton produce various TAG isomers. These TAG isomers have different pathways of digestion, absorption, and utilization in infants, thereby affecting TAG nutritional properties of TAGs. Here, we review the progress of research on methods for detecting TAG isomers, and identify direction and thought for improving these methods, including novel chromatographic combinations, perfect algorithm, and improved equipment. The ensuing optimization of these methods is expected to provide robust guarantee for the gradual improvement of milk-derived TAG isomer detection, and is an important prerequisite for infant formula to mimic the structured lipids of human milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiru Cao
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Food Science College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Dairy Health for Maternal and Child, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing 100163, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Dairy, Beijing Technical Innovation Center of Human Milk Research, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing 100163, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Food Science College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Dairy Health for Maternal and Child, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing 100163, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Dairy, Beijing Technical Innovation Center of Human Milk Research, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing 100163, China
| | - Yan Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Dairy Health for Maternal and Child, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing 100163, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Dairy, Beijing Technical Innovation Center of Human Milk Research, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing 100163, China
| | - Junying Zhao
- National Engineering Research Center of Dairy Health for Maternal and Child, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing 100163, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Dairy, Beijing Technical Innovation Center of Human Milk Research, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing 100163, China
| | - Weicang Qiao
- National Engineering Research Center of Dairy Health for Maternal and Child, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing 100163, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Dairy, Beijing Technical Innovation Center of Human Milk Research, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing 100163, China
| | - Yuru Wang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Food Science College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Dairy Health for Maternal and Child, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing 100163, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Dairy, Beijing Technical Innovation Center of Human Milk Research, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing 100163, China
| | - Yan Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of Dairy Health for Maternal and Child, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing 100163, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Dairy, Beijing Technical Innovation Center of Human Milk Research, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing 100163, China
| | - Lijun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science, Ministry of Education, Food Science College, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Dairy Health for Maternal and Child, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing 100163, China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Dairy, Beijing Technical Innovation Center of Human Milk Research, Beijing Sanyuan Foods Co. Ltd., Beijing 100163, China
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Gazlay W, Evans JJ. The impact of the complexing agent on the sensitivity of collision-induced dissociation spectra to fatty acid position for a set of XYZ-type triglycerides. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2022; 36:e9226. [PMID: 34820920 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The development of an automated platform for the positional analysis of triglycerides (TAGs) based on electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS) continues to be pursued. This work evaluates the positional sensitivities of the collision-induced dissociation (CID) spectra of a representative set of XYZ triglycerides using sodium, lithium, and ammonium salts as complexing agents. METHODS A set of triglycerides were synthesized and analyzed via ESI-MS/MS using an ion trap mass spectrometer. Using three different complexing agents, the product ion spectra of the corresponding precursor ions for twelve XYZ TAGs were collected, where X, Y, and Z represent C16:0 , C18:1(c-9) , C18:2(cc-9,12) , and C20:4(cccc-5,8,11,14) fatty acid chains. These data were then used to prepare ternary plots for four positional isomer systems to evaluate the positional sensitivity differences among the three different complexing agents. RESULTS The positional sensitivities for each of the four positional isomer systems were robust for the sodium and lithium adducts. The CID data for the sodium and lithium TAGs demonstrated an unfavorable loss of the fatty acid in the center position and showed a higher sensitivity to fatty acid position, when compared with the CID data for ammonium adducts, especially for the arachidonic acid containing triglycerides. CONCLUSIONS The data shows that that the relative abundances of the DAG product ions for the XYZ-type TAGs when using sodium and lithium complexing agent adducts are sensitive to fatty acid position and are consistent for the diverse array of TAGs studied in this work. This suggests that using sodium or lithium as the complexing agent may be advantageous for the development of an automated platform for the positional analysis of complex TAG mixtures based on ESI-MS/MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Gazlay
- Chemistry Department, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jason J Evans
- Chemistry Department, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA
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3
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Ding J, Ruan C, Guan Y, Li H, Du W, Lu S, Wen X, Tang K, Chen Y. Nontargeted metabolomic and multigene expression analyses reveal the mechanism of oil biosynthesis in sea buckthorn berry pulp rich in palmitoleic acid. Food Chem 2021; 374:131719. [PMID: 34875440 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.131719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Sea buckthorn berry pulp (SBP) oil is abundant in palmitoleic acid (C16:1). However, metabolic mechanisms of oil biosynthesis in SBP (non-seed tissues) are not clear. Thus, comparative nontargeted metabolomic analysis of the four developmental stages of berry pulp in two lines, Za56 and TF2-36, was performed. The results revealed that glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P) was critical for high oil accumulation in the mid-early developmental stages. In particular, the metabolism of phosphatidylcholine (PC) (16:0/16:0), PC (16:0/16:1), and PC (16:1/16:1) was also significantly altered. Sufficient supply of G3P and 16:1-CoA, coupled with upregulated expression of the glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPD1) and delta-9 desaturase (Δ9D) genes, were associated with high oil content enriched in C16:1 in SBP. Our results provide a scientific basis for the development of metabolic engineering strategies to increase the oil content in SBP with a high level of C16:1.
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Key Words
- Berry pulp oil
- Choline, PubChem CID: 305
- Gene expression
- Glycerol, PubChem CID: 753
- Glycerol-3-phosphate
- Glycerol-3-phosphate, PubChem CID: 754
- Glycerophosphocholine, PubChem CID: 439285
- Lysophosphatidycholine (16:0), PubChem CID: 10097314
- Nontargeted metabolomics
- Palmitic acid, PubChem CID: 985
- Palmitoleic acid
- Palmitoleic acid, PubChem CID: 445638
- Phosphatidylcholine (16: 1/16: 1), PubChem CID: 24778764
- Phosphatidylcholine (16:0/160), PubChem CID: 3032281
- Phosphatidylcholine (16:0/161), PubChem CID: 6443788
- Sea buckthorn
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Ding
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Ministry of Education, Institute of Plant Resources, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Chengjiang Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Ministry of Education, Institute of Plant Resources, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China.
| | - Ying Guan
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China
| | - He Li
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Ministry of Education, Institute of Plant Resources, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Wei Du
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Ministry of Education, Institute of Plant Resources, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Shunguang Lu
- Management Center of Seabuckthorn Development, Ministry of Water Resources, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Xiufeng Wen
- Management Center of Seabuckthorn Development, Ministry of Water Resources, Beijing 100000, China
| | - Ke Tang
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Ye Chen
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Ministry of Education, Institute of Plant Resources, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China
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4
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Segliņa D, Krasnova I, Grygier A, Radziejewska‐Kubzdela E, Rudzińska M, Górnaś P. Unique bioactive molecule composition of sea buckthorn (
Hippophae rhamnoides
L.) oils obtained from the peel, pulp, and seeds via physical “solvent‐free” approaches. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/aocs.12524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anna Grygier
- Department of Food Technology of Plant Origin, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition Poznań University of Life Sciences Poznań Poland
| | - Elżbieta Radziejewska‐Kubzdela
- Department of Food Technology of Plant Origin, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition Poznań University of Life Sciences Poznań Poland
| | - Magdalena Rudzińska
- Department of Food Technology of Plant Origin, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition Poznań University of Life Sciences Poznań Poland
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Kalpio M, Linderborg KM, Fabritius M, Kallio H, Yang B. Strategy for stereospecific characterization of natural triacylglycerols using multidimensional chromatography and mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1641:461992. [PMID: 33706165 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.461992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Stereoisomeric determination of individual triacylglycerols (TAGs) in natural oils and fats is a challenge due to similar physicochemical properties of TAGs with different fatty acid combinations. In this study, we present a strategy to resolve the enantiomeric composition of nutritionally important TAGs in sea buckthorn (Hippophaë rhamnoides) as an example food matrix. The targeted strategy combines 1) fatty acid profiling with GC, 2) separation of TAGs with RP-HPLC, 3) stereospecific separation with chiral-phase HPLC and 4) structural characterization with MS. Three major asymmetric diacid- and triacid-TAG species were analyzed in sea buckthorn pulp oil. Off-line coupling of RP-HPLC and chiral-phase HPLC allowed separation of several TAG regioisomers and enantiomers, which could not be resolved using one-dimensional techniques. Enantiomeric ratios were determined and specific structural analysis of separated TAGs was performed using direct inlet ammonia negative ion chemical ionization method. Of the TAG 16:0/16:1/16:1 palmitic acid (C16:0) was located predominantly in a primary position and the enantiomeric ratio of TAG sn-16:1-16:1-16:0 to sn-16:0-16:1-16:1 was 70.5/29.5. Among the TAGs 16:0/16:0/18:2 and 16:0/16:0/16:1, only ca 5% had C16:0 in the sn-2 position, thus, ca 95% were symmetric sn-16:0-18:2-16:0 and sn-16:0-16:1-16:0. The enantiomeric ratio of triacid-TAGs containing C16:0 and two unsaturated fatty acids (palmitoleic C16:1, oleic C18:1 or linoleic acids C18:2) could not be resolved due to lack of commercial enantiopure reference compounds. However, it became clear that the targeted strategy presented offer unique and convenient method to study the enantiomeric structure of individual TAGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika Kalpio
- Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland.
| | - Kaisa M Linderborg
- Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Mikael Fabritius
- Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Heikki Kallio
- Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Baoru Yang
- Food Chemistry and Food Development, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland
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6
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Lipophilic extracts isolated from European cranberry bush (Viburnum opulus) and sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) berry pomace by supercritical CO 2 - Promising bioactive ingredients for foods and nutraceuticals. Food Chem 2021; 348:129047. [PMID: 33515951 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Lipophilic extracts of Viburnum opulus (VOP) and Hippophae rhamnoides (SBP) berry pomace recovered by supercritical CO2 (SFE-CO2) were analysed by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS and GC × GC-TOF for their triacylglycerol, tocopherol, phytosterol and fatty acid composition, while oxidative stability was evaluated by Oxipres and Rancimat methods. SFE-CO2 recovered 16.99% and 26.24% of lipids from SBP and VOP, respectively. Linoleic, linolenic, oleic, palmitic and palmitoleic acids were major in SBP oil, while VOP oil was composed of almost equal amounts of linoleic and oleic acids. Therefore, remarkably higher diversity of triacylglycerols was identified in SBP. The content of β-sitosterol and α-tocopherol was 359.5-514.5 and 65.38-118.6 mg/100 g, respectively. Hydrocarbons were other quantitatively important lipophilic components, including health beneficial squalene. All extracts improved oxidative stability of mayonnaise. The extracts of berry processing by-products by green extraction method contain valuable bioactive constituents and could be of high interest for applications in functional foods and nutraceuticals.
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7
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Chen L, Qu H, Bai S, Yan L, You M, Gou W, Li P, Gao F. Effect of wet sea buckthorn pomace utilized as an additive on silage fermentation profile and bacterial community composition of alfalfa. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 314:123773. [PMID: 32645569 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
To effectively preserve nutrients, alfalfa silage was treated without (control) or with Lactobacillus plantarum (LP) and their mixture (LP + SBP). Results showed that SBP decreased (P < 0.05) final pH value and ammonia-N of total N, increased (P < 0.05) lactic, acetic and propionic acid contents, resulting in more residual water soluble carbohydrate and crude protein contents and less fiber content in relative to control. Moreover, SBP decreased (P < 0.05) the number of observed species, richness index of ACE and diversity index of Shannon at early stage of ensiling, while Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactococcus lactis, and/or Lactobacillus brevis dominated in silages. In particular, LP + SBP enhanced the growth of Lactococcus lactic at early stage and Lactobacillus plantarum at late stage of ensiling, resulting in higher lactic and acetic acid contents and lower propionic acid content as compared with LP. These confirmed that SBP could be used as an additive for improving silage quality of alfalfa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangyin Chen
- Sichuan Academy of Grassland Sciences, Chengdu 611431, China
| | - Hui Qu
- Grassland Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot 010010, China
| | - Shiqie Bai
- Sichuan Academy of Grassland Sciences, Chengdu 611431, China
| | - Lijun Yan
- Sichuan Academy of Grassland Sciences, Chengdu 611431, China
| | - Minghong You
- Sichuan Academy of Grassland Sciences, Chengdu 611431, China
| | - Wenlong Gou
- Sichuan Academy of Grassland Sciences, Chengdu 611431, China
| | - Ping Li
- Sichuan Academy of Grassland Sciences, Chengdu 611431, China.
| | - Fengqin Gao
- Grassland Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hohhot 010010, China.
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8
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Biotechnology tools and applications for development of oilseed crops with healthy vegetable oils. Biochimie 2020; 178:4-14. [PMID: 32979430 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2020.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Vegetable oils, consisting principally of triacylglycerols (TAG), are major sources of calories and essential fatty acids in the human diet. The fatty acid composition of TAG is a primary determinant of the nutritional quality and health-promoting properties of vegetable oils. TAG fatty acid composition also affects the functionality and properties of vegetable oils in food applications and in food processing and preparation. Vegetable oils with improved nutritional and functional properties have been developed for oilseed crops by selection and breeding of fatty acid biosynthetic mutants. These efforts have been effective at generating vegetable oils with altered relative amounts of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in seed TAG, but are constrained by insufficient genetic diversity for producing oils with "healthy" fatty acids that are not typically found in major oilseeds. The development and application of biotechnological tools have instead enabled the generation of oilseeds that produce novel fatty acid compositions with improved nutritional value by the introduction of genes from alternative sources, including plants, bacteria, and fungi. These tools have also allowed the generation of desired oil compositions that have proven difficult to obtain by breeding without compromised performance in selected oilseed crops. Here, we review biotechnological tools for increasing crop genetic diversity and their application for commercial or proof-of-principal development of oilseeds with expanded utility for food and feed applications and higher value nutritional and nutraceutical markets.
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Ding J, Ruan C, Du W, Guan Y. RNA-seq data reveals a coordinated regulation mechanism of multigenes involved in the high accumulation of palmitoleic acid and oil in sea buckthorn berry pulp. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:207. [PMID: 31109294 PMCID: PMC6528223 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1815-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sea buckthorn is a woody oil crop in which palmitoleic acid (C16:1n7, an omega-7 fatty acid (FA)) contributes approximately 40% of the total FA content in berry pulp (non-seed tissue). However, the molecular mechanisms contributing to the high accumulation of C16:1n7 in developing sea buckthorn berry pulp (SBP) remain poorly understood. RESULTS We identified 1737 unigenes associated with lipid metabolism through RNA-sequencing analysis of the four developmental stages of berry pulp in two sea buckthorn lines, 'Za56' and 'TF2-36'; 139 differentially expressed genes were detected between the different berry pulp developmental stages in the two lines. Analyses of the FA composition showed that the C16:1n7 contents were significantly higher in line 'Za56' than in line 'TF2-36' in the mid-late developmental stages of SBP. Additionally, qRT-PCR analyses of 15 genes involved in FA and triacylglycerol (TAG) biosynthesis in both lines revealed that delta9-ACP-desaturase (ACP-Δ9D) competed with 3-ketoacyl-ACP-synthase II (KASII) for the substrate C16:0-ACP and that ACP-Δ9D and delta9-CoA-desaturase (CoA-Δ9D) gene expression positively correlated with C16:1n7 content; KASII and fatty acid elongation 1 (FAE1) gene expression positively correlated with C18:0 content in developing SBP. Specifically, the abundance of ACP-Δ9D and CoA-Δ9D transcripts in line 'Za56', which had a higher C16:1n7 content than line 'TF2-36', suggests that these two genes play an important role in C16:1n7 biosynthesis. Furthermore, the high expressions of the glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPD1) gene and the WRINKLED1 (WRI1) transcription factor contributed to increased biosynthesis of TAG precursor and FAs, respectively, in the early developmental stages of SBP, and the high expression of the diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) gene increased TAG assembly in the later developmental stages of SBP. Overall, we concluded that increased ACP-Δ9D and CoA-Δ9D levels coupled with decreased KASII and FAE1 activity is a critical event for high C16:1n7 accumulation and that the coordinated high expression of WRI1, GPD1, and DGAT1 genes resulted in high oil accumulation in SBP. CONCLUSION Our results provide a scientific basis for understanding the mechanism of high C16:1n7 accumulation in berry pulp (non-seed tissue) and are valuable to the genetic breeding programme for achieving a high quality and yield of SBP oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Ding
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Ministry of Education, Institute of Plant Resources, Dalian Minzu University, 18 Liaohe West Road, Dalian, 116600 Liaoning China
| | - Chengjiang Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Ministry of Education, Institute of Plant Resources, Dalian Minzu University, 18 Liaohe West Road, Dalian, 116600 Liaoning China
| | - Wei Du
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Ministry of Education, Institute of Plant Resources, Dalian Minzu University, 18 Liaohe West Road, Dalian, 116600 Liaoning China
| | - Ying Guan
- Institute of Berries, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 5 Fansheng Street, Suiling, Heilongjiang, 152230 China
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10
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Shi L, Zheng L, Zhao C, Jin Q, Wang X. Chemical composition and antioxidant capacity of extracts from the whole berry, pulp and seed of Hippophae¨ rhamnoides ssp. yunnanensis. Nat Prod Res 2018; 33:3596-3600. [PMID: 30445840 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2018.1488703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, profiles of fatty acid, sn-2 fatty acid, triglyceride, phytochemical (including tocopherol/tocotrienol, phytosterol, flavonoid, carotenoid and polyphenol) and antioxidant capacity of extracts from the whole berry, pulp and seed of Hippophae¨ rhamnoides ssp. yunnanensis were investigated and compared. The distributions of fatty acid, sn-2 fatty acid and triglyceride that was identified using ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS) showed obvious differences among the different parts of the ssp. yunnanensis. The whole berry and pulp extracts exhibited high flavonoid, carotenoid and polyphenol contents, whereas, the seed portion expressed high tocopherol/tocotrienol and phytosterol concentrations. Results deduced from this study demonstrated that ssp. yunnanensis is a rich source of unsaturated fatty acid and bioactive minor component, which should be further developed and utilized by breeders and planters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longkai Shi
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University , Wuxi , China
| | - Li Zheng
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University , Wuxi , China
| | - Chenwei Zhao
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University , Wuxi , China
| | - Qingzhe Jin
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University , Wuxi , China
| | - Xingguo Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University , Wuxi , China
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11
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Makarov P, Zheng D, Le D, Evans JJ. The Impact of the Complexing Cation on the Sensitivity of the Collisional-Induced Dissociation Spectra to Fatty Acid Position for a Set of YXY/YYX-type Triglycerides. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2018; 32:1591-1598. [PMID: 29947151 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
RATIONAL The development of an automated platform for the positional analysis of triglycerides based on electrospray tandem mass spectrometry continues to be pursued. This work compares the positional sensitivities of the collisional-induced dissociation spectra for a representative set of YXY/YYX triglycerides using ammonium, silver, sodium and lithium as complexing agents. METHODS A set of triglycerides were synthesized and analyzed by electrospray tandem mass spectrometry using an ion trap mass spectrometer. Using different salt additives, the product ion spectra of the corresponding parent ions for twelve systems of the form YXY/YYX, where Y and X represent C16:0 , C18:1(c-9), C18:2(cc-9,12) and C20:4(cccc-5,8,11,14) , were collected. The data was used to prepare two-point calibration plots for each of the twelve positional isomer systems using each of the four complexing agents. RESULTS The positional sensitivities for all twelve positional isomer systems were robust for both the sodium and lithium TAG adducts. The CID data for both the sodium and lithium TAG adducts are much less sensitive to the degree of unsaturation and double bond position of the fatty acids constituents than the CID data for the ammonium adducts. CONCLUSION Using sodium or lithium TAG adducts may be advantageous for the development of an accurate predictive model for performing positional analysis of complex TAG mixtures based on electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. Ammonium adducts are likely complicated by the ability of the ammonium ion to provide extra stability to some parent ions through hydrogen bond-like interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Makarov
- University of Massachusetts Boston, Chemistry Dept., 100 Morrissey Blvd, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Dong Zheng
- University of Wisconsin Milwaukee, Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering and Applied Science, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
| | - Duc Le
- University of Massachusetts Boston, Chemistry Dept., 100 Morrissey Blvd, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Jason J Evans
- Chemistry Department, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Blvd., Boston, MA, 02125
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12
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Judge EJ, Zheng D, Chivukula S, Gakwaya R, Schostarez S, Li X, Liriano M, Evans JJ. A simple and economical strategy for obtaining calibration plots for relative quantification of positional isomers of YYX/YXY triglycerides using high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2017; 31:1690-1698. [PMID: 28792632 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Positional analysis of intact triglycerides could provide greater insights into the link between fatty acid position and lipotoxic diseases. However, this methodology has been impeded by lack of commercial availability of positionally pure triglycerides. This work reports on a strategy for defining calibration plots for YXY/YYX triglyceride systems based on the product ion intensities in the collision-induced dissociation spectra of ammoniated precursor ions. METHODS A set of triglycerides were synthesized and analyzed by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry using an ion trap mass spectrometer. The product ion spectra of the ammoniated precursor ions were collected for 42 triglyceride systems of the form YXY/YYX, where Y represents C16:0 , C18:1(c-9) and C20:4(cccc-5,8,11,14) . Three-point calibration plots were prepared by plotting the relative abundance of the YY+ product ion vs. the relative abundance of the YYX positional isomer. RESULTS The calibration plots were shown to give relative abundances of positional isomers accurate to within ±0.02 for most systems. Using an ion trap, under a controlled set of collision parameters, the slopes of the calibration plots can be used to compare the sensitivities of the product ion intensities to fatty acid position for various triglyceride systems. The average slopes of the calibration plots for the C16:0 , C18:1(c-9) and C20:4(cccc-5,8,11,14) systems were 0.29 ± 0.05, 0.21 ± 0.05 and 0.045 ± 0.005, respectively. CONCLUSIONS While the presence of multiple unsaturated fatty acids tends to slightly decrease the slopes of the calibration plots, the data suggest that the sensitivities are sufficient for performing positional analysis of most triglyceride systems. However, the presence of unsaturated fatty acids that contain double bonds close to the carbonyl group, such as arachidonic acid, tends to dramatically decrease positional sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J Judge
- Chemistry Department, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Blvd., Boston, MA, 02125, USA
| | - Dong Zheng
- Chemistry Department, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Blvd., Boston, MA, 02125, USA
| | - Swathilekha Chivukula
- Chemistry Department, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Blvd., Boston, MA, 02125, USA
| | - Robert Gakwaya
- Chemistry Department, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Blvd., Boston, MA, 02125, USA
| | - Sarah Schostarez
- Chemistry Department, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Blvd., Boston, MA, 02125, USA
| | - Xingwen Li
- Chemistry Department, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Blvd., Boston, MA, 02125, USA
| | - Melissa Liriano
- Chemistry Department, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Blvd., Boston, MA, 02125, USA
| | - Jason J Evans
- Chemistry Department, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Blvd., Boston, MA, 02125, USA
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Fast non-aqueous reversed-phase liquid chromatography separation of triacylglycerol regioisomers with isocratic mobile phase. Application to different oils and fats. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1041-1042:151-157. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2016.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 12/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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14
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Hurkova K, Rubert J, Stranska-Zachariasova M, Hajslova J. Strategies to Document Adulteration of Food Supplement Based on Sea Buckthorn Oil: a Case Study. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-016-0674-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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15
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Dulf FV, Oroian I, Vodnar DC, Socaciu C, Pintea A. Lipid classes and fatty acid regiodistribution in triacylglycerols of seed oils of two Sambucus species (S. nigra L. and S. ebulus L.). Molecules 2013; 18:11768-82. [PMID: 24071984 PMCID: PMC6269702 DOI: 10.3390/molecules181011768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The oil content and fatty acid composition of total lipids (TLs) and main lipid classes (NLs- neutral and PLs- polar lipids) in seeds of two wild Sambucus species (S. nigra and S. ebulus) from Transylvania (Romania) were determined by capillary gas chromatography (GC-MS). In addition, the positional distribution of fatty acids in seed triacylglycerols (TAGs) was determined by hydrolysis with pancreatic lipase. The seeds were found to be rich in fat (22.40–24.90 g/100g) with high amounts of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) ranging from 68.96% (S. ebulus) to 75.15% (S. nigra). High ratios of PUFAs/SFAs (saturated fatty acids), ranging from 7.06 (S. nigra) to 7.64 (S. ebulus), and low ratios of n-6/n-3, ranging from 0.84 (S. nigra) to 1.51 (S. ebulus), were determined in both oils. The lipid classes/subclasses analyzed (PLs, MAGs—monoacylglycerols, DAGs—diacylglycerols, FFAs—free fatty acids, TAGs and SEs—sterol esters) were separated and identified using thin-layer chromatography. The fatty acid compositions of the TAG fractions were practically identical to the profiles of TLs, with the same dominating fatty acids in both analyzed species. SEs and FFAs, were characterized by high proportions of SFAs. The sn-2 position of TAGs was esterified predominantly with linoleic acid (43.56% for S. nigra and 50.41% for S. ebulus).
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisc Vasile Dulf
- Department of Environmental and Plant Protection, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca 400372, Manastur 3-5, Romania; E-Mails: (F.V.D.); (I.O.)
| | - Ioan Oroian
- Department of Environmental and Plant Protection, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca 400372, Manastur 3-5, Romania; E-Mails: (F.V.D.); (I.O.)
| | - Dan Cristian Vodnar
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca 400372, Manastur 3-5, Romania; E-Mail:
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +40-264-596-384 (ext.213); Fax: +40-264-593-792
| | - Carmen Socaciu
- Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca 400372, Manastur 3-5, Romania; E-Mail:
| | - Adela Pintea
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, Cluj-Napoca 400372, Manastur 3-5, Romania; E-Mail:
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Gasmi J, Thomas Sanderson J. Jacaric acid and its octadecatrienoic acid geoisomers induce apoptosis selectively in cancerous human prostate cells: a mechanistic and 3-D structure-activity study. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 20:734-742. [PMID: 23453308 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2013.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Revised: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/27/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Plant-derived non-essential fatty acids are important dietary nutrients, and some are purported to have chemopreventive properties against various cancers, including that of the prostate. In this study, we determined the ability of seven dietary C-18 fatty acids to cause cytotoxicity and induce apoptosis in various types of human prostate cancer cells. These fatty acids included jacaric and punicic acid found in jacaranda and pomegranate seed oil, respectively, three octadecatrienoic geometric isomers (alpha- and beta-calendic and catalpic acid) and two mono-unsaturated C-18 fatty acids (trans- and cis-vaccenic acid). Jacaric acid and four of its octadecatrienoic geoisomers selectively induced apoptosis in hormone-dependent (LNCaP) and -independent (PC-3) human prostate cancer cells, whilst not affecting the viability of normal human prostate epithelial cells (RWPE-1). Jacaric acid induced concentration- and time-depedent LNCaP cell death through activation of intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways resulting in cleavage of PARP-1, modulation of pro- and antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family of proteins and increased cleavage of caspase-3, -8 and -9. Moreover, activation of a cell death-inducing signalling cascade involving death receptor 5 was observed. Jacaric acid induced apoptosis in PC-3 cells by activation of the intrinsic pathway only. The spatial conformation cis, trans, cis of jacaric and punicic acid was shown to play a key role in the increased potency and efficacy of these two fatty acids in comparison to the five other C-18 fatty acids tested. Three-dimensional conformational analysis using the PubChem Database (http://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) showed that the cytotoxic potency of the C-18 fatty acids was related to their degree of conformational similarity to our cytotoxic reference compound, punicic acid, based on optimized shape (ST) and feature (CT) similarity scores, with jacaric acid being most 'biosimilar' (ST(ST-opt)=0.81; CT(CT-opt)=0.45). This 3-D analysis of structural similarity enabled us to rank geoisomeric fatty acids according to cytotoxic potency, whereas a 2-D positional assessment of cis/trans structure did not. Our findings provide mechanistic evidence that nutrition-derived non-essential fatty acids have chemopreventive biological activities and Exhibit 3-D structure-activity relationships that could be exploited to develop new strategies for the prevention or treatment of prostate cancer regardless of hormone dependency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihane Gasmi
- Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec, Laval, Québec, Canada
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León A, Toscano RA, Tortoriello J, Delgado G. Phthalides and other constituents from Ligusticum porteri; sedative and spasmolytic activities of some natural products and derivatives. Nat Prod Res 2011; 25:1234-42. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2010.534735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra León
- a Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria , Coyoacán 04510, México
| | - Rubén A. Toscano
- a Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria , Coyoacán 04510, México
| | - Jaime Tortoriello
- b Centro de Investigación Biomédica del Sur, Centro de Investigación de Plantas Medicinales , IMSS, Argentina No. 1, Xochitepec, Morelos 62790, México
| | - Guillermo Delgado
- a Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria , Coyoacán 04510, México
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18
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Antiproliferative effects of sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) extracts on human colon and liver cancer cell lines. Food Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2009.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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19
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Characterization and Authentication of Significant Chinese Edible Oilseed Oils by Stable Carbon Isotope Analysis. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-010-1564-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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20
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Leskinen HM, Suomela JP, Yang B, Kallio HP. Regioisomer compositions of vaccenic and oleic acid containing triacylglycerols in sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) pulp oils: influence of origin and weather conditions. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:537-545. [PMID: 19938856 DOI: 10.1021/jf902679v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Triacylglycerols (TAGs) 16:1(n-7)/16:1(n-7)/18:1(n-7) (Po/Po/V) and 16:1(n-7)/16:1(n-7)/18:1(n-9) (Po/Po/O) in pulp/peel oils of various sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) subspecies and varieties were separated by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The regioisomerism of the TAGs was determined by tandem mass spectrometry using ammonia supplemented in the nebulizer gas to produce ammonium adducts. The regioisomer compositions of Po/Po/V (8-24% of PoVPo) and Po/Po/O (43-61% of PoOPo) both differed from the random distribution of fatty acids (33.3% of ABA) in all 32 sea buckthorn samples investigated. The regioisomer compositions were different between cultivated ssp. rhamnoides varieties, wild ssp. rhamnoides, and wild ssp. sinensis. Differences were also found in the regioisomerism of both Po/Po/V and Po/Po/O between the two cultivated ssp. rhamnoides varieties, Tytti and Terhi. In addition, growth location and harvesting years showed clear impacts on the regioisomer compositions of Po/Po/V and Po/Po/O. Higher temperatures showed positive correlations with the proportion of PoOPo in ssp. rhamnoides and wild ssp. sinensis and with the proportion of sn-PoPoV+sn-VPoPo in wild ssp. sinensis. However, higher temperatures, higher temperature sums, and radiation sums increased the accumulation of PoVPo in wild ssp. rhamnoides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi M Leskinen
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, Kevo Subarctic Research Institute, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
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21
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Leskinen HM, Suomela JP, Kallio HP. Quantification of triacylglycerol regioisomers by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography and ammonia negative ion atmospheric pressure chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2010; 24:1-5. [PMID: 19957298 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.4346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The regioisomer composition of triacylglycerols (TAGs) in various vegetable oils was determined with a new liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS method). A direct inlet ammonia negative ion chemical ionization (NICI) MS/MS method was improved by adapting it to LC negative ion (NI) atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) MS/MS system using ammonia as nebulizer gas. The method is based on the preferential formation of [M-H-RCOOH-100](-) ions during collision-induced dissociation by loss of sn-1/3 fatty acids from [M-H](-) ions. Calibration curves were created from nine reference TAGs: Ala/L/L, Gla/L/L, L/L/O, L/O/O, P/O/O, P/P/O, Po/Po/V, Po/Po/O, and C/O/O. The calibration curves were used to quantify the regioisomer compositions of selected TAGs in rapeseed oil, sunflower seed oil, palm oil, black currant seed oil, and sea buckthorn pulp oil. The method discriminates the different regioisomers and the results obtained by this method were in good agreement with previous results. This proves that this new method can be used for the determination of regiospecific distribution of fatty acids in TAGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi M Leskinen
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland.
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22
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Leskinen HM, Suomela JP, Kallio HP. Effect of latitude and weather conditions on the regioisomer compositions of alpha- and gamma-linolenoyldilinoleoylglycerol in currant seed oils. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2009; 57:3920-3926. [PMID: 19338273 DOI: 10.1021/jf900068b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The regioisomer compositions of triacylglycerols (TAG) 18:3(n-3)/18:2(n-6)/18:2(n-6) (Ala/L/L) and 18:3(n-6)/18:2(n-6)/18:2(n-6) (Gla/L/L) in seed oils of black and green currant ( Ribes nigrum L.) and red and white currant ( Ribes rubrum L.) varieties were determined by silver-ion high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. The aim was to investigate whether latitude and weather conditions affect the regioisomer compositions of Ala/L/L and Gla/L/L and whether the regioisomerism differs between species and varieties. In R. rubrum the proportion of the symmetric regioisomer LAlaL among Ala/L/L was higher (14.1%) than in R. nigrum (12.1%) (p < 0.001). Generally in currants, the proportion of LAlaL was lower (p < 0.001) in northern Finland (12.1%) than in southern Finland (13.5%), where temperature and radiation sums were higher. In R. rubrum varieties grown in the south, the proportion of LGlaL among Gla/L/L was significantly higher in the years 2005 and 2007 (30.7-32.0%) than in 2006 (24.2-25.4%), when temperature and radiation sums were higher and the amount of precipitation was lower.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi M Leskinen
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, Universityof Turku, FI-20014 Turku, Finland.
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Gutiérrez LF, Belkacemi K. Palmitoleic Acid Enrichment of Seabuckthorn (Hippophaë rhamnoides L.) Pulp Oil by Crystallization Process. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/01496390802064091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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24
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Effects of drying method on the extraction yields and quality of oils from quebec sea buckthorn (Hippophaë rhamnoides L.) seeds and pulp. Food Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.06.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.. Current literature in mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2007; 42:266-277. [PMID: 17262881 DOI: 10.1002/jms.1071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
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26
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Leskinen H, Suomela JP, Kallio H. Quantification of triacylglycerol regioisomers in oils and fat using different mass spectrometric and liquid chromatographic methods. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2007; 21:2361-73. [PMID: 17590869 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.3090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The regioisomers (sn-ABA/sn-AAB) of four triacylglycerols (TAGs), 18:2/18:2/18:1 (LLO), 18:2/18:1/18:1 (LOO), 16:0/18:1/18:1 (POO), and 16:0/16:0/18:1 (PPO), were quantified in lard, rapeseed oil, and sunflower seed oil by three different mass spectrometric methods using liquid chromatography (LC) and two different mass spectrometers. The ionization methods used were positive ion atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI), positive ion electrospray ionization (ESI), and negative ion chemical ionization (NICI) with ammonia as the reagent gas. The LC/APCI-MS results with two different instrumentation types, LC/ESI-MS/MS and direct inlet ammonia NICI-MS/MS, were compared. The LC/APCI-MS method is based on the preferential formation of diacylglycerol (DAG) fragment ions during ionization by loss of sn-1/3 fatty acids from [M+H]+ ions. Similar formation of the DAG ions from [M+NH4]+ ions by collision-induced dissociation (CID) in the LC/ESI-MS/MS method and the [M-H--RCOOH-100]- ions from [M-H]- ions by CID in the direct inlet ammonia NICI-MS/MS method is observed. These methods were found to be useful and reliable in determining the regioisomeric structure of TAGs. No statistically significant differences were found between the results obtained with these methods. For LLO, LOO, and POO the proportions of sn-ABA isomer calculated from the results from all four methods were in rapeseed oil 7.7 +/- 6.5, 57.9 +/- 3.3, and 4.5 +/- 6.1%, respectively, and in sunflower seed oil 12.2 +/- 6.9, 34.0 +/- 5.2, and 1.4 +/- 2.8%, respectively. The proportions of ABA of POO and PPO in lard were 95.3 +/- 3.2 and 4.9 +/- 5.6%, respectively. This study also proved that the LC/APCI-MS/MS method examined is not applicable in the quantification of TAG regioisomers because the formation of DAG ions is not clearly dependent on the positional distribution of the fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi Leskinen
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, University of Turku, Vatselankatu 2, Turku 20014, Finland
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Gakwaya R, Li X, Wong YL, Chivukula S, Collins EJ, Evans JJ. Examining the collision-induced decomposition spectra of ammoniated triglycerides. III. The linoleate and arachidonate series. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2007; 21:3262-8. [PMID: 17893948 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.3208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
A series of positionally pure triglycerides (TAGs) of the form LXL, YLY, AXA, and YAY was synthesized and analyzed by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. L and A represent the linoleate and arachidate moieties, respectively, and X and Y represent large arrays of fatty acid moieties of various chain lengths, degree of unsaturations, double-bond positions, and cis/trans configurations. The abundances of the collision-induced decomposition (CID) products of ammoniated TAGs were examined as a function of these parameters. The major CID products, the diglyceride (DAG) product ions and the MH(+) ions, are plotted as functions of chain length for the saturated and monounsaturated series of X and Y. The following trends are observed in the data. TAGs with higher degrees of unsaturation tend to show greater relative abundances of MH(+) in the CID spectra of their ammoniated precursor ions. The position of the fatty acid constituents along the glycerol backbone also seems to influence the abundances of the MH(+) ion in the CID spectra of the ammoniated precursor ions. A fatty acid constituent with double bonds along the fatty acid chain positioned close to the carbonyl promotes the formation of the DAG product ion that corresponds to its loss upon CID of the ammoniated precursor ion. Linoleic acid substituents also seem to promote the formation of DAG product ions, but to a lesser extent. Data for the YAY TAGs are used to predict the abundances of the product ions in the CID spectra of ammoniated YAX TAGs. These data are discussed in context of a broader project to develop and validate software algorithims to support a platform for comprehensive analysis of complex mixtures of TAGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Gakwaya
- Chemistry Department, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA 02125, USA
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