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Liu XJ, Su HG, Peng XR, Bi HC, Qiu MH. An updated review of the genus Rhododendron since 2010: Traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacology. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2024; 217:113899. [PMID: 37866447 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2023.113899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Rhododendron, the largest genus of Ericaceae, consists of approximately 1000 species that are widely distributed in Europe, Asia, and North America but mainly exist in Asia. Rhododendron plants have not only good ornamental and economic value but also significant medicinal potential. In China, many Rhododendron plants are used as traditional Chinese medicine or ethnic medicine for the treatment of respiratory diseases, pain, bleeding and inflammation. Rhododendron is known for its abundant metabolites, especially diterpenoids. In the past 13 years, a total of 610 chemical constituents were reported from Rhododendron plants, including 222 diterpenoids, 122 triterpenoids, 103 meroterpenoids, 71 flavonoids and 92 other constituents (lignans, phenylpropanoids, phenolic acids, monoterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids, coumarins, steroids, fatty acids). Moreover, the bioactivities of various extracts and isolates, both in vitro and in vivo, were also investigated. Our review summarized the research progress of Rhododendron regarding traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology in the past 13 years (2010 to December 2022), which will provide new insight for prompting further research on Rhododendron application and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Jian Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Hai-Guo Su
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, 650201, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xing-Rong Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Hui-Chang Bi
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China; NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Drug Metabolism & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Screening, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Ming-Hua Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming, 650201, China.
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Venegas-Calerón M, Napier JA. New alternative sources of omega-3 fish oil. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2023. [PMID: 37516467 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids such as eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids play an important role in brain growth and development, as well as in the health of the body. These fatty acids are traditionally found in seafood, such as fish, fish oils, and algae. They can also be added to food or consumed through dietary supplements. Due to a lack of supply to meet current demand and the potential for adverse effects from excessive consumption of fish and seafood, new alternatives are being sought to achieve the recommended levels in a safe and sustainable manner. New sources have been studied and new production mechanisms have been developed. These new proposals, as well as the importance of these fatty acids, are discussed in this paper.
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Yatim M, El Kahkahi R, El‐Askri T, El Oirdi S, Benhnini F, El Yaacoubi A, Mouhajir A, Amechrouq A, Rahou A, Hafidi M, Zouhair R. Fatty acids, sterols, and tocopherols composition in seed oil extracts from four moroccan ecotypes of
Ceratonia siliqua
L. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/aocs.12627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meriem Yatim
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Valorization of Bio‐Resources, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences Moulay Ismail University Meknes Morocco
| | - Rahal El Kahkahi
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Valorization of Bio‐Resources, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences Moulay Ismail University Meknes Morocco
| | - Taoufik El‐Askri
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Valorization of Bio‐Resources, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences Moulay Ismail University Meknes Morocco
| | - Samia El Oirdi
- Laboratory of Ecology and Biodiversity of Wetlands Team, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences Moulay Ismail University Meknes Morocco
| | - Fouad Benhnini
- Laboratory of Ecology and Biodiversity of Wetlands Team, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences Moulay Ismail University Meknes Morocco
| | - Adnane El Yaacoubi
- Higher School of Technology University of Sultan Moulay Slimane Khenifra Morocco
| | - Abdelmounaim Mouhajir
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Valorization of Bio‐Resources, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences Moulay Ismail University Meknes Morocco
- Host‐Pathogen Interaction Study Group (EA3142) University of Angers Angers France
| | - Ali Amechrouq
- Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry and Natural Substance, Faculty of Science Moulay Ismail University Meknes Morocco
| | - Abdelilah Rahou
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Valorization of Bio‐Resources, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences Moulay Ismail University Meknes Morocco
| | - Majida Hafidi
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Valorization of Bio‐Resources, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences Moulay Ismail University Meknes Morocco
| | - Rachid Zouhair
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Valorization of Bio‐Resources, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences Moulay Ismail University Meknes Morocco
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Yeşil T, Akgül Y. Major components of Rhododendron luteum leaves. Nat Prod Res 2022:1-5. [PMID: 35319328 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2055015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
β-D-Fructopyranose (1), D-Xylopyranose (2), D-Mannitol (3), and flavonoids including quercetin-3-α-L-arabinofuranoside (4) and quercetin-3-O-glucopyranoside (5) were isolated from the leaves of Rhododendron luteum for the first time. Isolated compounds were identified using 1 D- (1H-NMR, 13C-NMR) and 2 D- NMR (HMBC, HSQC, COSY) spectroscopic techniques and comparison of the literature data. In our study, a relatively high amount of Quercetin-3-O-glucopyranoside was isolated (4%). As a result, our research showed that leaves of Rhododendron luteum could be a good source of monosaccharides, sugar alcohols and bioactive flavonoid glycosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamer Yeşil
- Chemistry Dept., Faculty of Science, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
| | - Yurdanur Akgül
- Chemistry Dept., Faculty of Science, Ege University, İzmir, Turkey
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Cholewski M, Tomczykowa M, Tomczyk M. A Comprehensive Review of Chemistry, Sources and Bioavailability of Omega-3 Fatty Acids. Nutrients 2018; 10:E1662. [PMID: 30400360 PMCID: PMC6267444 DOI: 10.3390/nu10111662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Omega-3 fatty acids, one of the key building blocks of cell membranes, have been of particular interest to scientists for many years. However, only a small group of the most important omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids are considered. This full-length review presents a broad and relatively complete cross-section of knowledge about omega-3 monounsaturated fatty acids, polyunsaturates, and an outline of their modifications. This is important because all these subgroups undoubtedly play an important role in the function of organisms. Some monounsaturated omega-3s are pheromone precursors in insects. Polyunsaturates with a very long chain are commonly found in the central nervous system and mammalian testes, in sponge organisms, and are also immunomodulating agents. Numerous modifications of omega-3 acids are plant hormones. Their chemical structure, chemical binding (in triacylglycerols, phospholipids, and ethyl esters) and bioavailability have been widely discussed indicating a correlation between the last two. Particular attention is paid to the effective methods of supplementation, and a detailed list of sources of omega-3 acids is presented, with meticulous reference to the generally available food. Both the oral and parenteral routes of administration are taken into account, and the omega-3 transport through the blood-brain barrier is mentioned. Having different eating habits in mind, the interactions between food fatty acids intake are discussed. Omega-3 acids are very susceptible to oxidation, and storage conditions often lead to a dramatic increase in this exposure. Therefore, the effect of oxidation on their bioavailability is briefly outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Cholewski
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2a, 15-230 Białystok, Poland.
| | - Monika Tomczykowa
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2a, 15-230 Białystok, Poland.
| | - Michał Tomczyk
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Białystok, ul. Mickiewicza 2a, 15-230 Białystok, Poland.
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Park CH, Yeo HJ, Kim NS, Park YE, Park SY, Kim JK, Park SU. Metabolomic Profiling of the White, Violet, and Red Flowers of Rhododendron schlippenbachii Maxim. Molecules 2018; 23:E827. [PMID: 29617312 PMCID: PMC6017568 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23040827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhododendron schlippenbachii Maxim. is a garden plant that is also used for natural medicines as a consequence of the biological activities of its diverse metabolites. We accordingly profiled two anthocyanins and 40 primary and secondary metabolites in the three different colored flowers. The major anthocyanins found in the flowers were cyanidins. The red flowers exhibited the highest accumulation of anthocyanins (1.02 ± 0.02 mg/g dry weight). Principal component analysis was applied to the GC‒TOFMS data. The levels of key tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates in red flowers, such as succinic acid, fumaric acid, and malic acid, were found to be highly significantly different (p < 0.0001) from those in the flowers of other colors. In this study, we aimed to determine metabolite interactions and phenotypic variation among white, violet, and red flowers of R. schlippenbachii by using gas chromatography time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC‒TOFMS) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Ha Park
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-Ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
| | - Hyeon Ji Yeo
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-Ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
| | - Nam Su Kim
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-Ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
| | - Ye Eun Park
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-Ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
| | - Soo-Yun Park
- National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun, Jeonbuk 54875, Korea.
| | - Jae Kwang Kim
- Division of Life Sciences and Bio-Resource and Environmental Center, Incheon National University, Incheon 406-772, Korea.
| | - Sang Un Park
- Department of Crop Science, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-Ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Korea.
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