Generalized complex cilia tip modeled flow through an electroosmotic region

Entropy generation in a ciliary flow of an Eyring-Powell ternary hybrid nanofluid through a channel with electroosmosis and mixed convection

Drug delivery systems, where the nanofluid flow with electroosmosis and mixed convection can help in efficient and targeted drug delivery to specific cells or organs, could benefit from understanding the behavior of nanofluids in biological systems. In current work, authors have studied the theoretical model of two-dimensional ciliary flow of blood-based (Eyring-Powell) nanofluid model with the insertion of ternary hybrid nanoparticles along with the effects of electroosmosis, magnetohydrodynamics, thermal radiations, and mixed convection. Moreover, the features of entropy generation are also taken into consideration. The system is modeled in a wave frame with the approximations of large wave number and neglecting turbulence effects. The problem is solved numerically by using the shooting method with the assistance of computational software "Mathematica" for solving the governing equation. According to the temperature curves, the temperature will increase as the Hartman number, fluid factor, ohmic heating, and cilia length increase. It is also disclosed that ternary hybrid nanoparticles result in a change in flow rate when other problem parameters are varied, and the same is true for temperature graphs. Engineers and scientists can make better use of nanofluid-based cooling systems in electronics, automobiles, and industrial processes with the aid of the study's findings.

Modulated complexed stenosed region consequences under the electroosmotic stimulation

The present study analyzes the theoretical consequences of slip effects in a complex stenosed region. The flow of blood in a stenosed region is incorporated with hybrid nanofluid features which are being prepared with copper and copper oxide nanoparticles. The flow is also intensified by applying an electric field in the axial direction. The governing equations for the proposed paradigm are solved and the corresponding closed-form solutions are obtained for the cases of mild stenosis. Parameters such as Electro-osmotic, velocity slip and Helmholtz-Smoluchowski are specially focused in this study. The heat transfer, hemodynamic velocity, wall shear stress and resistance impedance for the flow are precisely determined. The various parameters that influence the physical characteristics of flow are plotted, and their effects are discussed in detail. The present model has the potential application in medical pumps for drug delivery systems.

Electroosmotically actuated peristaltic-ciliary flow of propylene glycol + water conveying titania nanoparticles

The main focus of this article is to mathematically formulate the microfluidics-based mechanical system for nanofluids. A 50:50 mixture of propylene glycol (PG) and water is used as a heat transfer fluid because of its tremendous anti-freezing properties, and nontoxicity and it is safe to be utilized at the domestic level. Titanium dioxide (titania) nanoparticles are suspended in the working fluid to enhance its heat transfer ability. The fluid flow is induced by electroosmosis in a microtube, which is further assisted by cilia beating. The impacts of Joule heating and non-linear thermal radiation are also considered. The simplification of the dimensionless system is done under lubrication theory and the Debye-Hückel linearization principle. The nonlinear system of equations is executed for a numerical solution by adopting the symbolic mathematical software Maple 17 using the command "dsolve" along with the additional command "numeric" to get the numerical solution. This command utilizes a low-ordered method along with accuracy-enhancing schemes such as the deferred correction technique and Richardson extrapolation to get a numerical answer of desired accuracy, where we can choose the accuracy level and mesh points according to our requirements. The detailed analysis of results obtained from the numerical treatment of the considered problem indicates that the efficiency of the PG + water enhances due to the suspension of the nanoparticles and heat is rapidly removed from the system. Further, the velocity of the fluid is augmented by decreasing the thickness of the electric double layer and raising the strength of the electric field in the forwarding direction.