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Mudge EM, Wilkins AL, Murray JS, Rise F, Miles CO. Investigation of 44-methylgambierone reactivity with periodate: Structural reassignment, solvent instability and formation of a furanoid analogue. Toxicon 2024; 251:108154. [PMID: 39490818 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.108154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2024] [Revised: 10/18/2024] [Accepted: 10/24/2024] [Indexed: 11/05/2024]
Abstract
Gambierones are sulfated polyethers produced by benthic dinoflagellates in the genera Gambierdiscus, Coolia and Fukuyoa. While relative toxicity data for gambierones suggests they are low compared with ciguatoxin analogues, gambierones have been suggested for use as marker compounds for environmental monitoring programs for the presence of Gambierdiscus in marine waters. The published structure of gambierone and analogues of it, including 44-methylgambierone (44-MeGAM), have been reported to possess 1,2- and 4,5-cis diols, while only the 1,2- diol unit has been shown to undergo periodate oxidation. An in-depth analysis of previously reported NMR data for 44-MeGAM in CD3OD showed that the C-4 stereochemistry of 44-MeGAM and other gamberiones was mis-assigned, that the 4-CH2-CHOH-CH2OH and OH groups are equatorially and axially oriented, respectively, rather than vice versa as previously reported. This re-examination of existing 44-MeGAM NMR data also showed that its C-12 and C-13 assignments (and those for other gambierones) should be reversed. In an effort to better understand the C-4 stereochemical and periodate reaction characteristics of gambierones (C-4 is an epimerizable hemiacetal carbon), additional NMR data was acquired in D6-DMSO. Unexpectedly, progressive conversion of 44-MeGAM to a long-term stable ring-A furanoid analogue was observed. A subsequent series of microscale stability trials identified several solvents that affected the solution-stability of 44-MeGAM, and these findings should be taken into consideration during isolation, handling, storage and bioassay evaluations of gambierones in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Mudge
- Biotoxin Metrology, National Research Council Canada, 1411 Oxford Street, Halifax, NS, B3H 3Z1, Canada.
| | - Alistair L Wilkins
- School of Science, University of Waikato, Private Bag 3105, Hamilton, 3240, New Zealand
| | - J Sam Murray
- Cawthron Institute, Private Bag 2, Nelson, 7040, New Zealand
| | - Frode Rise
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Blindern, P.O. Box 1033, NO-0315, Oslo, Norway
| | - Christopher O Miles
- Biotoxin Metrology, National Research Council Canada, 1411 Oxford Street, Halifax, NS, B3H 3Z1, Canada; Norwegian Veterinary Institute, P.O. Box 64, 1431, Ås, Norway
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Shu D, Zhang J, Ruan R, Lei H, Wang Y, Moriko Q, Zou R, Huo E, Duan D, Gan L, Zhou D, Zhao Y, Dai L. Insights into Preparation Methods and Functions of Carbon-Based Solid Acids. Molecules 2024; 29:247. [PMID: 38202830 PMCID: PMC10780815 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29010247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
With the growing emphasis on green chemistry and the ecological environment, researchers are increasingly paying attention to greening materials through the use of carbon-based solid acids. The diverse characteristics of carbon-based solid acids can be produced through different preparation conditions and modification methods. This paper presents a comprehensive summary of the current research progress on carbon-based solid acids, encompassing common carbonization methods, such as one-step, two-step, hydrothermal, and template methods. The composition of carbon source material may be the main factor affecting its carbonization method and carbonization temperature. Additionally, acidification types including sulfonating agent, phosphoric acid, heteropoly acid, and nitric acid are explored. Furthermore, the functions of carbon-based solid acids in esterification, hydrolysis, condensation, and alkylation are thoroughly analyzed. This study concludes by addressing the existing drawbacks and outlining potential future development prospects for carbon-based solid acids in the context of their important role in sustainable chemistry and environmental preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Shu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Processing and Quality Control of Specialty (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China; (D.S.); (J.Z.); (L.G.); (D.Z.)
- Key Laboratory for Food Nutrition and Safety Control of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Processing and Quality Control of Specialty (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China; (D.S.); (J.Z.); (L.G.); (D.Z.)
- Key Laboratory for Food Nutrition and Safety Control of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Roger Ruan
- Center for Biorefining and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, 1390 Eckles Ave., St. Paul, MN 55112, USA;
| | - Hanwu Lei
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Richland, WA 99354, USA; (H.L.); (Q.M.); (R.Z.)
| | - Yunpu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China;
| | - Qian Moriko
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Richland, WA 99354, USA; (H.L.); (Q.M.); (R.Z.)
| | - Rongge Zou
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Richland, WA 99354, USA; (H.L.); (Q.M.); (R.Z.)
| | - Erguang Huo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Heat Fluid Flow Technology and Energy Application, School of Physical Science and Technology, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou 215009, China;
| | - Dengle Duan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Lingnan Specialty Food Science and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China;
| | - Lu Gan
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Processing and Quality Control of Specialty (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China; (D.S.); (J.Z.); (L.G.); (D.Z.)
- Key Laboratory for Food Nutrition and Safety Control of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Dan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Processing and Quality Control of Specialty (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China; (D.S.); (J.Z.); (L.G.); (D.Z.)
- Key Laboratory for Food Nutrition and Safety Control of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Yunfeng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Product Processing and Quality Control of Specialty (Co-Construction by Ministry and Province), School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China; (D.S.); (J.Z.); (L.G.); (D.Z.)
- Key Laboratory for Food Nutrition and Safety Control of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, School of Food Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China
| | - Leilei Dai
- Center for Biorefining and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, 1390 Eckles Ave., St. Paul, MN 55112, USA;
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Kang BH, Hong J, Hur ON, Kang M, Moon J, Seo J, Han G, Shin S, Lee CS, Park SH, Bae J. Preparation of carbonaceous monolith from polyacrylonitrile@lignin hybrid composite and its sensing and adsorption capability. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-023-1389-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
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Synthesis of sulfonated lignin-derived ordered mesoporous carbon for catalytic production of furfural from xylose. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 187:232-239. [PMID: 34314791 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.07.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Sulfonated lignin-derived ordered mesoporous carbon (OMC-SO3H) solid acid was synthesized through solvent evaporation induced self-assembly (EISA) method followed by sulfonation, using lignin as carbon precursor and glyoxal as cross-linking agent during the preparation process. The as-synthesized OMC-SO3H exhibited a typical 2D hexagonal meso-structure (space group p6mm) and showed a good catalytic performance for the catalytic conversion of hemicellulose-derived xylose to furfural. A highest furfural yield of 76.7% with 100% xylose conversion was achieved at 200 °C for 45 min in γ-valerolactone (GVL)-water (85:15 v/v%) mixture. The lignin-derived OMC-SO3H solid acid catalyst showed superior stability and reusability, and was also applicable to the catalytic production of furfural from xylan. This work provides a promising strategy for the synthesis of ordered mesoporous carbon solid acid from green and sustainable lignin biomass resource, which has wide range of applications in the utilization of cellulose and hemicellulose.
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Ziyadi H, Baghali M, Heydari A. The synthesis and characterization of Fe 2O 3@SiO 2-SO 3H nanofibers as a novel magnetic core-shell catalyst for formamidine and formamide synthesis. Heliyon 2021; 7:e07165. [PMID: 34151037 PMCID: PMC8192820 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the past several decades, the fabrication of novel ceramic nanofibers applicable in different areas has been a frequent focus of scientists around the world. Aiming to introduce novel ceramic core-shell nanofibers as a magnetic solid acid catalyst, Fe2O3@SiO2-SO3H magnetic nanofibers were prepared in this study using a modification of Fe2O3@SiO2 core-shell nanofibers with chlorosulfonic acid to increase the acidic properties of these ceramic nanofibers. The products were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscope (EDS), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The prepared nanofibers were used as catalysts in formamide and formamidine synthesis. The treatment of aqueous formic acid using diverse amines with a catalytic amount of Fe2O3@SiO2-SO3H nanofibers as a reusable, magnetic and heterogeneous catalyst produced high yields of corresponding formamides at room temperature. Likewise, the reaction of diverse amines with triethyl orthoformate led to the synthesis of formamidine derivatives in excellent yields using this novel catalyst. The catalytic system was able to be recovered and reused at least five times without any catalytic activity loss. Thus, novel core-shell nanofibers can act as efficient solid acid catalysts in different organic reactions capable of being reused several times due to their easy separation by applying magnet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakimeh Ziyadi
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mitra Baghali
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Akbar Heydari
- Chemistry Department, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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Shao Y, Lu W, Meng Y, Zhou D, Zhou Y, Shen D, Long Y. The formation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and hydrochar during the valorization of biomass using a microwave hydrothermal method. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 755:142499. [PMID: 33039887 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) and levulinic acid (LA) are regarded as value-added platform chemicals that can be derived from biomass waste. However, humins are inevitably produced during valorization processes, reducing the product yields. Previous studies indicated that microwave heating combined with acidic seawater as a reaction medium promotes HMF formation. The present work therefore investigated the relationship between the production of HMF and LA in the liquid phase and that of insoluble humins (that is, hydrochar) under microwave heating in acidic seawater. The selectivities for HMF and LA were found to decrease as the reaction time was increased, as a result of hydrochar formation, and both dehydration and decarboxylation evidently dominated the production of hydrochar in succession. HMF evidently played the most important role in hydrochar formation, and was consumed approximately seven times more rapidly than either fructose or LA. The hydrochar formation mechanism reported herein may be applicable to other similar hydrothermal processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchao Shao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, Instrumental Analysis Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Wenjing Lu
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yanjun Meng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, Instrumental Analysis Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Dan Zhou
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, Instrumental Analysis Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, Instrumental Analysis Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Dongsheng Shen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, Instrumental Analysis Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, China
| | - Yuyang Long
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Recycling, Instrumental Analysis Center, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou 310012, China.
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