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Cobrado L, Ricardo E, Ramalho P, Fernandes AR, Rodrigues AG. Does repeated exposure to hydrogen peroxide induce Candida auris resistance? Antimicrob Resist Infect Control 2023; 12:92. [PMID: 37674229 PMCID: PMC10483791 DOI: 10.1186/s13756-023-01281-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To minimize environmental colonization by microorganisms that may persist and thrive in healthcare settings, thus reducing healthcare-associated infections (HAIs), new insights over already known biocides are certainly of relevance. Although the efficacy of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) against the emergent yeast Candida auris is moderately documented, concerns over the potential induction of resistance after repeated exposure do persist. The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the hypothetical induction of Candida auris resistance following 30 days of consecutive exposure to lethal and sublethal concentrations of H2O2. Furthermore, the authors aimed to elucidate about the rank of efficacy of H2O2 against C. auris comparing to other Candida species and whether different strains of C. auris may display different susceptibilities to H2O2. METHODS During the induction of resistance assays, both type strains and clinical isolates of Candida auris, Candida albicans and Candida parapsilosis were exposed repeatedly to defined concentrations of H2O2, for 30 days. RESULTS After that period, no significant differences were found when comparing the minimal inhibitory concentration values of H2O2 in case of the induced strains versus each respective positive control. Moreover, H2O2 displayed similar effectiveness against all the tested Candida species and no differences were demonstrated among the distinct strains of C. auris. CONCLUSIONS The adoption of H2O2 solutions in routine protocols in order to promote disinfection standards against Candida auris, improving patient safety and reducing healthcare costs, is certainly welcomed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Cobrado
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, 4200 - 319, Portugal.
- Center for Health Technology and Services Research / Rede de Investigação em Saúde, CINTESIS / RISE, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
- Burn Unit, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Center of São João, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Elisabete Ricardo
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, 4200 - 319, Portugal
- Center for Health Technology and Services Research / Rede de Investigação em Saúde, CINTESIS / RISE, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Patricia Ramalho
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, 4200 - 319, Portugal
- Center for Health Technology and Services Research / Rede de Investigação em Saúde, CINTESIS / RISE, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Angela Rita Fernandes
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, 4200 - 319, Portugal
| | - Acacio Goncalves Rodrigues
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Al. Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, 4200 - 319, Portugal
- Center for Health Technology and Services Research / Rede de Investigação em Saúde, CINTESIS / RISE, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Burn Unit, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Center of São João, Porto, Portugal
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In-use contamination of a hospital-grade disinfectant. Am J Infect Control 2022; 50:1296-1301. [PMID: 35307473 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2022.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microbiological monitoring of disinfection of high-touch surfaces identified heavy growth of Serratia marcescens and Achromobacter xylosoxidans not present on surfaces before disinfection, suggesting contamination of the disinfectant used. METHODS An investigation included interview of the housekeeper involved, level of bacterial contamination of the in-use quaternary ammonium (Quat) disinfectant, bactericidal activity of the contaminated disinfectant, pulsed field gel electrophoresis of S.marcescens and Achromobacter isolates, survival of S. marcescens on dry surfaces, and genome sequencing to identify possible Quat resistance genes. RESULTS The housekeeper, who seldom cleaned patient rooms, had used the disinfectant for months without emptying and drying the bucket between uses. The contaminated disinfectant contained 9.3 × 104 CFU of S. marcescens plus A. xylosoxidans. The log10 reduction of S. marcescens by fresh Quat was 102-fold lower than that achieved against a control strain (S. marcescens ATCC 13380). Genome sequencing of S. marcescens isolates identified the following genes previously shown to encode for efflux pumps associated with Quat resistance: sdeXY, sdeAB, smfY, and a sugE-like gene. CONCLUSIONS Failure to follow existing guidelines and manufacturer's instructions for use resulted in contamination by A. xylosoxidans and by S. marcescens that possessed multiple genes associated with Quat resistance.
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Cobrado L, Ramalho P, Ricardo E, Fernandes ÂR, Azevedo MM, Rodrigues AG. Efficacy assessment of different time-cycles of nebulized hydrogen peroxide against bacterial and yeast biofilm. J Hosp Infect 2022; 127:7-14. [PMID: 35594987 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2022.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevention of healthcare-associated infections requires a continuous effort. In order to achieve better practical results, the control of environmental microbial biofilms with effective disinfection strategies should be addressed. AIM This study aims to test the efficacy of different time-cycles of nebulized H2O2 against bacterial and yeast dry biofilm. METHODS The efficacy of a standard cycle (SC) and of a fast cycle (FC) of nebulized H2O2 was compared. Microbial biofilms were previously grown on different material coupons. The biofilm metabolic activity was determined by XTT assay and the biofilm total biomass by crystal violet assay. FINDINGS Regarding the efficacy of nebulized H2O2 against biofilms, the mean reduction of metabolic activity of the SC was 55.2% (±19.4%), comparing to a reduction of 50.4% (±17.7%) of the FC. The mean reduction of total biomass of the SC was 45.5% (±22.7%), versus 46.7% (±21.7%) of the FC. No statistical significant differences were found when comparing the tested cycles and distinct materials. CONCLUSION H2O2 nebulization was found to exhibit a good efficacy against healthcare-associated microbial dry biofilms. Moreover, similar efficacies were found between the tested cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís Cobrado
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Portugal; CINTESIS, Center for Health Technology and Services Research, Portugal; Burn Unit and Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Center of São João, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Patrícia Ramalho
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Portugal; CINTESIS, Center for Health Technology and Services Research, Portugal
| | - Elisabete Ricardo
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Portugal; CINTESIS, Center for Health Technology and Services Research, Portugal
| | - Ângela Rita Fernandes
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria-Manuel Azevedo
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Portugal; CINTESIS, Center for Health Technology and Services Research, Portugal
| | - Acácio Gonçalves Rodrigues
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Portugal; CINTESIS, Center for Health Technology and Services Research, Portugal; Burn Unit and Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Center of São João, Porto, Portugal
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Bucuresteanu R, Ditu LM, Ionita M, Calinescu I, Raditoiu V, Cojocaru B, Cinteza LO, Curutiu C, Holban AM, Enachescu M, Enache LB, Mustatea G, Chihaia V, Nicolaev A, Borcan EL, Mihaescu G. Preliminary Study on Light-Activated Antimicrobial Agents as Photocatalytic Method for Protection of Surfaces with Increased Risk of Infections. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14185307. [PMID: 34576531 PMCID: PMC8470258 DOI: 10.3390/ma14185307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Preventing and controlling the spread of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria implicated in healthcare-associated infections is the greatest challenge of the health systems. In recent decades, research has shown the need for passive antibacterial protection of surfaces in order to reduce the microbial load and microbial biofilm development, frequently associated with transmission of infections. The aim of the present study is to analyze the efficiency of photocatalytic antimicrobial protection methods of surfaces using the new photocatalytic paint activated by light in the visible spectrum. The new composition is characterized by a wide range of analytical methods, such as UV-VIS spectroscopy, electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray powder diffraction (PXRD) or X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The photocatalytic activity in the UV-A was compared with the one in the visible light spectrum using an internal method developed on the basis of DIN 52980: 2008-10 standard and ISO 10678—2010 standard. Migration of metal ions in the composition was tested based on SR EN1186-3: 2003 standard. The new photocatalytic antimicrobial method uses a type of photocatalytic paint that is active in the visible spectral range and generates reactive oxygen species with inhibitory effect against all tested microbial strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razvan Bucuresteanu
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Intr. Portocalelor no 1-3, 060101 Bucharest, Romania; (R.B.); (C.C.); (A.M.H.); (G.M.)
- Faculty of Biology, Research Institute, University of Bucharest, Soseaua Paduri 90-92, 50663 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Lia-Mara Ditu
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Intr. Portocalelor no 1-3, 060101 Bucharest, Romania; (R.B.); (C.C.); (A.M.H.); (G.M.)
- Faculty of Biology, Research Institute, University of Bucharest, Soseaua Paduri 90-92, 50663 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-04-0745-67-38-22
| | - Monica Ionita
- Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Splaiul Independenței no 313, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (M.I.); (I.C.)
| | - Ioan Calinescu
- Faculty of Applied Chemistry and Materials Science, University Politehnica of Bucharest, Splaiul Independenței no 313, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (M.I.); (I.C.)
| | - Valentin Raditoiu
- Laboratory of Functional Dyes and Related Materials, National Institute for Research & Development in Chemistry and Petrochemistry—ICECHIM, 202 Splaiul Independentei, 6th District, 060021 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Bogdan Cojocaru
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry & Catalysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, Bdul Regina Elisabeta 4-12, 030016 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Ludmila Otilia Cinteza
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, Bdul Regina Elisabeta 4-12, 030016 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Carmen Curutiu
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Intr. Portocalelor no 1-3, 060101 Bucharest, Romania; (R.B.); (C.C.); (A.M.H.); (G.M.)
- Faculty of Biology, Research Institute, University of Bucharest, Soseaua Paduri 90-92, 50663 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alina Maria Holban
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Intr. Portocalelor no 1-3, 060101 Bucharest, Romania; (R.B.); (C.C.); (A.M.H.); (G.M.)
- Faculty of Biology, Research Institute, University of Bucharest, Soseaua Paduri 90-92, 50663 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Marius Enachescu
- Center for Surface Science and Nanotechnology, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (M.E.); (L.-B.E.)
- Academy of Romanian Scientists, 54 Spaiul Independentei, 050094 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Laura-Bianca Enache
- Center for Surface Science and Nanotechnology, University Politehnica of Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, 060042 Bucharest, Romania; (M.E.); (L.-B.E.)
| | - Gabriel Mustatea
- National R&D Institute for Food Bioresources—IBA Bucharest, 5 Ancuţa Băneasa Street, 020323 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Viorel Chihaia
- Institute of Physical Chemistry “Ilie Murgulescu”, Romanian Academy, Splaiul Independentei 202, 060021 Bucharest, Romania;
| | - Adela Nicolaev
- Department of Surfaces and Interfaces, National Institute of Materials Physics, Atomistilor 405A, 077125 Magurele, Romania; (A.N.); (E.-L.B.)
| | - Elena-Larisa Borcan
- Department of Surfaces and Interfaces, National Institute of Materials Physics, Atomistilor 405A, 077125 Magurele, Romania; (A.N.); (E.-L.B.)
- Faculty of Physics, University of Bucharest, Atomistilor 405, 077125 Magurele, Romania
| | - Grigore Mihaescu
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Intr. Portocalelor no 1-3, 060101 Bucharest, Romania; (R.B.); (C.C.); (A.M.H.); (G.M.)
- Faculty of Biology, Research Institute, University of Bucharest, Soseaua Paduri 90-92, 50663 Bucharest, Romania
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Microbial bioburden of inpatient and outpatient areas beyond patient hospital rooms. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2021; 43:1017-1021. [PMID: 34294185 DOI: 10.1017/ice.2021.309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the frequency of environmental contamination in hospital areas outside patient rooms and in outpatient healthcare facilities. DESIGN Culture survey. SETTING This study was conducted across 4 hospitals, 4 outpatient clinics, and 1 surgery center. METHODS We conducted 3 point-prevalence culture surveys for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant enterococci, Clostridioides difficile, Candida spp, and gram-negative bacilli including Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumanii, and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia in each facility. In hospitals, high-touch surfaces were sampled from radiology, physical therapy, and mobile equipment and in emergency departments, waiting rooms, clinics, and endoscopy facilities. In outpatient facilities, surfaces were sampled in exam rooms including patient and provider areas, patient bathrooms, and waiting rooms and from portable equipment. Fluorescent markers were placed on high-touch surfaces and removal was assessed 1 day later. RESULTS In the hospitals, 110 (9.4%) of 1,195 sites were positive for 1 or more bacterial pathogens (range, 5.3%-13.7% for the 4 hospitals) and 70 (5.9%) were positive for Candida spp (range, 3.7%-5.9%). In outpatient facilities, 31 of 485 (6.4%) sites were positive for 1 or more bacterial pathogens (range, 2% to 14.4% for the 5 outpatient facilities) and 50 (10.3%) were positive for Candida spp (range, 3.9%-23.3%). Fluorescent markers had been removed from 33% of sites in hospitals (range, 28.4%-39.7%) and 46.3% of sites in outpatient clinics (range, 7.4%-82.8%). CONCLUSIONS Surfaces in hospitals outside patient rooms and in outpatient facilities are frequently contaminated with healthcare-associated pathogens. Improvements in cleaning and disinfection practices are needed to reduce contamination.
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Abstract
Although many aspects of infection prevention and control (IPC) mirror institutional efforts, optimization of IPC practices in the neonatal intensive care unit requires careful consideration of its unique population and environment, addressed here for key IPC domains. In addition, innovative mitigation efforts to address challenges specific to limited resource settings are discussed.
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Assadian O, Harbarth S, Vos M, Knobloch JK, Asensio A, Widmer AF. Practical recommendations for routine cleaning and disinfection procedures in healthcare institutions: a narrative review. J Hosp Infect 2021; 113:104-114. [PMID: 33744383 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2021.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are the most common adverse outcomes due to delivery of medical care. HAIs increase morbidity and mortality, prolong hospital stay, and are associated with additional healthcare costs. Contaminated surfaces, particularly those that are touched frequently, act as reservoirs for pathogens and contribute towards pathogen transmission. Therefore, healthcare hygiene requires a comprehensive approach whereby different strategies may be implemented together, next to targeted, risk-based approaches, in order to reduce the risk of HAIs for patients. This approach includes hand hygiene in conjunction with environmental cleaning and disinfection of surfaces and clinical equipment. This review focuses on routine environmental cleaning and disinfection including areas with a moderate risk of contamination, such as general wards. As scientific evidence has not yet resulted in universally accepted guidelines nor led to universally accepted practical recommendations pertaining to surface cleaning and disinfection, this review provides expert guidance for healthcare workers in their daily practice. It also covers outbreak situations and suggests practical guidance for clinically relevant pathogens. Key elements of environmental cleaning and disinfection, including a fundamental clinical risk assessment, choice of appropriate disinfectants and cleaning equipment, definitions for standardized cleaning processes and the relevance of structured training, are reviewed in detail with a focus on practical topics and implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Assadian
- Regional Hospital Wiener Neustadt, Wiener Neustadt, Austria; Institute for Skin Integrity and Infection Prevention, School of Human and Health Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK.
| | - S Harbarth
- Infection Control Programme and Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Geneva Hospitals and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - M Vos
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J K Knobloch
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Virology and Hygiene, Department for Infection Prevention and Control, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - A Asensio
- Preventive Medicine Department, University Hospital Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - A F Widmer
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Boyce JM. A review of wipes used to disinfect hard surfaces in health care facilities. Am J Infect Control 2021; 49:104-114. [PMID: 32569612 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2020.06.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite a plethora of wipes available for use in health care facilities, there is a paucity of articles describing wipe composition, potential interactions between wipes and disinfectants, the manner in which wipes are used, and their relative efficacy. The purpose of this article is to provide an in-depth review of wipes used for disinfection of hard surfaces in health care settings. METHODS Comprehensive searches of the Pubmed database and Internet were conducted, and articles published from 1953 through September 2019 and pertinent on-line documents were reviewed. Bibliographies of relevant articles were reviewed. RESULTS Wipes vary considerably in their composition, and the disinfectants with which they are used. With reusable dry wipes, the ratio of wipe material to disinfectant and the amount of disinfectant absorbed by the wipe and delivered to surfaces is difficult to standardize, which may affect their efficacy. The manner in which wipes are used by health care personnel is highly variable, due in part to insufficient instructions for use and inadequate education of relevant personnel. CONCLUSIONS Additional research is needed regarding the best practices for using different types of wipes, improved methods for educating staff, and establishing the relative efficacy of wipes in reducing environmental contamination and health care-associated infections.
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Daily Disinfection of the Hospital Room and Non-critical Items: Barriers and Practical Approaches. Curr Infect Dis Rep 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11908-020-00743-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Oliveira BADS, Bernardes LDO, Ferreira AM, Pessalacia JDR, Furlan MCR, de Sousa ÁFL, de Andrade D, Barbosa DA, Lapão LV, dos Santos Junior AG. Impact of Educational Intervention on Cleaning and Disinfection of an Emergency Unit. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17093313. [PMID: 32397527 PMCID: PMC7246614 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17093313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to evaluate the impact of an educational intervention on the surface cleaning and disinfection of an emergency room. This is an interventional, prospective, longitudinal, analytical and comparative study. Data collection consisted of three stages (Stage 1-baseline, Stage 2-intervention and immediate assessment, Stage 3-long term assessment). For the statistical analysis, we used a significance level of α = 0.05. The Wilcoxon and the Mann-Whitney test tests were applied. We performed 192 assessments in each stage totaling 576 evaluations. Considering the ATP method, the percentage of approval increased after the educational intervention, as the approval rate for ATP was 25% (Stage 1), immediately after the intervention it went to 100% of the approval (Stage 2), and in the long run, 75% of the areas have been fully approved. Stage 1 showed the existence of significant differences between the relative light units (RLU) scores on only two surfaces assessed: dressing cart (p = 0.021) and women's toilet flush handle (p = 0.014); Stage 2 presented three results with significant differences for ATP: dressing cart (p = 0.014), women's restroom door handle (p = 0.014) and women's toilet flush handle (p = 0.014); in step III, there was no significant difference for the ATP method. Therefore, conclusively, the educational intervention had a positive result in the short term for ATP; however, the same rates are not observed with the colony-forming units (CFU), due to their high sensitivity and the visual inspection method since four surfaces had defects in their structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Andrade dos Santos Oliveira
- Campus Três Lagoas, University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Três Lagoas 79600-080, Brazil; (B.A.d.S.O.); (L.d.O.B.); (A.M.F.); (J.D.R.P.); (M.C.R.F.); (A.G.d.S.J.)
| | - Lucas de Oliveira Bernardes
- Campus Três Lagoas, University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Três Lagoas 79600-080, Brazil; (B.A.d.S.O.); (L.d.O.B.); (A.M.F.); (J.D.R.P.); (M.C.R.F.); (A.G.d.S.J.)
| | - Adriano Menis Ferreira
- Campus Três Lagoas, University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Três Lagoas 79600-080, Brazil; (B.A.d.S.O.); (L.d.O.B.); (A.M.F.); (J.D.R.P.); (M.C.R.F.); (A.G.d.S.J.)
| | - Juliana Dias Reis Pessalacia
- Campus Três Lagoas, University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Três Lagoas 79600-080, Brazil; (B.A.d.S.O.); (L.d.O.B.); (A.M.F.); (J.D.R.P.); (M.C.R.F.); (A.G.d.S.J.)
| | - Mara Cristina Ribeiro Furlan
- Campus Três Lagoas, University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Três Lagoas 79600-080, Brazil; (B.A.d.S.O.); (L.d.O.B.); (A.M.F.); (J.D.R.P.); (M.C.R.F.); (A.G.d.S.J.)
| | - Álvaro Francisco Lopes de Sousa
- Network in Exposome Human and Infectious Diseases (NEHID), School of Nursing of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-902, Brazil;
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1349-008 Lisbon, Portugal;
- Correspondence:
| | - Denise de Andrade
- Network in Exposome Human and Infectious Diseases (NEHID), School of Nursing of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-902, Brazil;
| | | | - Luis Velez Lapão
- Global Health and Tropical Medicine (GHTM), Instituto de Higiene e Medicina Tropical (IHMT), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1349-008 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Aires Garcia dos Santos Junior
- Campus Três Lagoas, University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Três Lagoas 79600-080, Brazil; (B.A.d.S.O.); (L.d.O.B.); (A.M.F.); (J.D.R.P.); (M.C.R.F.); (A.G.d.S.J.)
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Mitchell BG, McGhie A, Whiteley G, Farrington A, Hall L, Halton K, White NM. Evaluating bio-burden of frequently touched surfaces using Adenosine Triphosphate bioluminescence (ATP): Results from the Researching Effective Approaches to Cleaning in Hospitals (REACH) trial. Infect Dis Health 2020; 25:168-174. [PMID: 32234296 DOI: 10.1016/j.idh.2020.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Environmental cleaning is an important approach to reducing healthcare-associated infection. The aim of this short research paper is to describe changes in the efficacy of post-discharge cleaning by examining the amount of bio-burden on frequent touch points (FTPs) in patient areas, using a validated Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) bioluminescence sampling method. In so doing, we present findings from a secondary outcome of a recent trial, the Researching Effective Approaches to Cleaning in Hospitals (REACH) study. METHODS The REACH study used a prospective, stepped-wedge randomised cluster design. Cross sectional ATP sampling was conducted at three of the 11 participating hospitals. At each hospital, during the control and intervention phase of the study, six Frequent Touch Points (FTPs) were sampled: toilet flush, bathroom tap, inside bathroom door handle, patient call button, over bed tray table, and bed rails. RESULTS Across the three hospitals, 519 surfaces in 49 rooms (control phase) and 2856 surfaces in 251 rooms (intervention phase) were sampled. Bedroom FTP cleaning improved across all three hospitals. The cleaning of bathroom FTPs was generally high from the outset and remained consistent throughout the whole study period. Average cleaning outcomes for bathroom FTPs were consistently high during the control period however outcomes varied between individual FTP. Changes in cleaning performance over time reflected variation in intervention effectiveness at the hospital level. CONCLUSION Findings confirm improvement in cleaning in the FTPs in bedrooms, demonstrating improvements in discharge cleaning aligned with the improvements seen when using fluorescent marking technology as a marker of performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett G Mitchell
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, NSW, 2258, Australia.
| | - Alexandra McGhie
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia
| | - Greg Whiteley
- Whiteley Corporation, North Sydney, NSW, 2060, Australia; Western Sydney University, School of Medicine, Liverpool, NSW, 2010, Australia
| | - Alison Farrington
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia; School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia
| | - Lisa Hall
- School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Herston, Qld, 4006, Australia
| | - Kate Halton
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia
| | - Nicole M White
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia; School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, GPO Box 2434, Brisbane, QLD, 4001, Australia
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Profile of environmental service managers and workers in Brazilian hospitals. Appl Nurs Res 2019; 51:151229. [PMID: 31899041 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnr.2019.151229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Contamination through the hands of professionals and surfaces is one of the main agents involved in health care-associated infections in health services. Flaws in the execution of hospital housekeeping can lead to the contamination of surfaces and health equipment though, representing a risk for patient safety and highlighting the need to maximize the quality of cleaning processes in these institutions. OBJECTIVE To describe the profile of managers and environmental service workers (ESWs) in Brazilian hospitals. METHODS A cross-sectional study was undertaken in January 2018, involving 155 participants, being 12 managers and 143 workers from the housekeeping team of two health institutions, being one private and the other public. RESULTS Most participants were female (86%), with a mean age of 45 years and primary education level, 52% being outsourced workers. The participants positively assessed their job satisfaction, satisfaction with training, basic knowledge and performance; nevertheless, situations were identified that were perceived as risks for patient safety and occupational health. The questions involving motivational incentives received the lowest scores. CONCLUSION Inconsistencies were found in the housekeeping professionals'. Preparation, indicating that the institutions studied do not value this type of service and that an investment policy in these workers' motivation is lacking.
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Donskey CJ. Beyond high-touch surfaces: Portable equipment and floors as potential sources of transmission of health care-associated pathogens. Am J Infect Control 2019; 47S:A90-A95. [PMID: 31146857 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2019.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Efforts to improve environmental cleaning and disinfection typically focus primarily on high-touch surfaces in patient rooms. This review highlights evidence that portable equipment and other shared devices and floors may be underappreciated as sources of dissemination of health care-associated pathogens. Practical approaches to address these sites of contamination are emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Curtis J Donskey
- Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, and Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH.
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Novel colour additive for bleach disinfectant wipes reduces corrosive damage on stainless steel. J Hosp Infect 2018; 103:227-230. [PMID: 30261240 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2018.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Bleach disinfectant wipes are corrosive to hospital surfaces and equipment. This study measured the effect of two widely used bleach wipes, with and without Highlight® colour additive, on stainless steel to quantify the rate of corrosion and to determine the effect of Highlight® on reducing surface damage caused by bleach wipes. The two bleach wipes alone caused severe corrosion [>5 mils per year (mpy), where 1 mil = 0.001 inch], while the addition of Highlight® reduced the rate of corrosion significantly (<2 mpy) and prevented discolouration of the metal. These results indicate that Highlight® reduces the deleterious corrosive effects of bleach wipes, thus improving their viability for cleaning healthcare surfaces.
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Mustapha A, Cadnum JL, Alhmidi H, Donskey CJ. Evaluation of novel chemical additive that colorizes chlorine-based disinfectants to improve visualization of surface coverage. Am J Infect Control 2018; 46:119-121. [PMID: 29110900 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajic.2017.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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