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Ikeo K, Oshima T, Sei H, Kondo T, Fukui H, Watari J, Miwa H. Acotiamide improves stress-induced impaired gastric accommodation. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2017; 29. [PMID: 27860042 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.12991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric accommodation is a reflex reaction related to gastric reservoir function. Psychological stress, such as anxiety, inhibits gastric accommodation in humans. Acotiamide enhances the effect of acetylcholine in the enteric nervous system, enhances gastric contractility, and accelerates delayed gastric emptying. However, the effect of acotiamide on stress-induced impaired gastric accommodation remains unclear. Therefore, we examined the effect of acotiamide on gastric accommodation and stress-induced impaired gastric accommodation using a conscious guinea pig model. METHODS A polyethylene bag was inserted through the distal region of the gastric body into the proximal stomach of 5-week-old male Hartley guinea pigs. Gastric accommodation was evaluated by measuring the intrabag pressure in the proximal stomach after oral administration of a liquid meal. In the stress model, animals were subjected to water-avoidance stress. Acotiamide (Z-338) or nizatidine was administered subcutaneously. Fecal output was determined as the number of fecal pellets. KEY RESULTS Administration of the liquid meal significantly decreased intrabag pressure, indicating induction of gastric accommodation. Acotiamide treatment prolonged liquid meal-induced gastric accommodation and significantly increased the number of fecal pellets compared to controls. Water-avoidance stress significantly inhibited liquid meal-induced gastric accommodation. Pretreatment with acotiamide significantly improved stress-induced impaired gastric accommodation. The number of fecal pellets in the acotiamide group increased significantly compared to controls. Acotiamide, but not nizatidine, significantly decreased gastric emptying. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES Acotiamide prolongs gastric accommodation and improves stress-induced impaired gastric accommodation, indicating a potential role for acotiamide in the treatment of functional dyspepsia through its effects on gastric accommodation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ikeo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - T Oshima
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - H Sei
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - T Kondo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - H Fukui
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - J Watari
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - H Miwa
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan
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Miwa H, Koseki J, Oshima T, Hattori T, Kase Y, Kondo T, Fukui H, Tomita T, Ohda Y, Watari J. Impairment of gastric accommodation induced by water-avoidance stress is mediated by 5-HT2B receptors. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2016; 28:765-78. [PMID: 26833428 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.12775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychological stress has been shown to impair gastric accommodation (GA), but its mechanism has not been elucidated. This study was conducted to clarify the role of 5-HT2B receptors in a guinea pig model of stress-induced impairment of GA. METHODS Gastric accommodation was evaluated by measuring the intrabag pressure in the proximal stomach after administration of a liquid meal. The guinea pigs were subjected to water-avoidance stress. The role of 5-HT2B receptors in impairment of GA was investigated by administering a 5-HT2B receptor agonist (BW723C86) or antagonist (SB215505), the traditional Japanese medicine rikkunshito (RKT), a muscarinic M3 receptor antagonist (1,1-dimethyl-4-diphenylacetoxypiperidium iodide [4-DAMP]), or a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor (Nω -nitro-L-arginine [L-NNA]). KEY RESULTS In normal animals, liquid meal-induced GA was inhibited by BW723C86, but was not affected by SB215505. The inhibition of GA by BW723C86 was reversed by co-administration of 4-DAMP. Compared to normal animals, GA in stressed animals was significantly inhibited. SB215505 and RKT significantly suppressed stress-induced impairment of GA. After meal administration, the level of cyclic guanosine monophosphate in gastric fundus tissue increased by approximately twofold in normal animals, but did not change in stressed animals. The inhibition of GA by L-NNA was suppressed by SB215505 or RKT. At a dose that did not affect GA in normal animals, BW723C86 exacerbated the impairment of GA in stressed animals. CONCLUSIONS AND INFERENCES Stress-induced impairment of GA may be mediated by an increased responsiveness of 5-HT2B receptors, and activation of the 5-HT2B receptor signaling pathway may have an inhibitory effect on nitric oxide function.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Miwa
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - J Koseki
- Tsumura Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., Ibaraki, Japan
| | - T Oshima
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - T Hattori
- Tsumura Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Y Kase
- Tsumura Research Laboratories, Tsumura & Co., Ibaraki, Japan
| | - T Kondo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - H Fukui
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - T Tomita
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Y Ohda
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
| | - J Watari
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Hyogo, Japan
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Takahashi T. Interdigestive migrating motor complex -its mechanism and clinical importance. J Smooth Muscle Res 2014; 49:99-111. [PMID: 24662475 PMCID: PMC5137267 DOI: 10.1540/jsmr.49.99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Migrating motor complex (MMC) is well characterized by the appearance of gastrointestinal
(GI) contractions in the interdigestive state. The physiological importance of gastric MMC
is a mechanical and chemical cleansing of the empty stomach in preparation for the next
meal. MMC cycle is mediated via the interaction between motilin and 5-hydroxytryptamine
(5-HT) by the positive feedback mechanism in conscious dogs. Luminal administration of
5-HT initiates duodenal phase II and phase III with a concomitant increase of plasma
motilin release. Duodenal 5-HT concentration is increased during gastric phase II and
phase III. Intravenous infusion of motilin increases luminal 5-HT content and induces
phase III. 5-HT4 antagonists significantly inhibit both of gastric and
intestinal phase III, while 5-HT3 antagonists inhibit only gastric phase III.
These suggest that gastric MMC is regulated via vagus, 5-HT3/4 receptors and
motilin, while intestinal MMC is regulated via intrinsic primary afferent neurons (IPAN)
and 5-HT4 receptors. We propose the possibility that maximally released motilin
by a positive feedback depletes 5-HT granules in the duodenal EC cells, resulting in no
more contractions. Stress is highly associated with the pathogenesis of functional
dyspepsia (FD). Acoustic stress attenuates gastric phase III without affecting intestinal
phase III in conscious dogs, via reduced vagal activity. Subset of FD patients shows
reduced vagal activity and impaired gastric phase III. The impaired gastric MMC may
aggravate dyspeptic symptoms following a food ingestion. Maintaining MMC cycle in the
interdigestive state is an important factor to prevent the postprandial dyspeptic
symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toku Takahashi
- Department of Surgery and Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin and Zablocki VA Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
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Takahashi T. Mechanism of interdigestive migrating motor complex. J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2012; 18:246-57. [PMID: 22837872 PMCID: PMC3400812 DOI: 10.5056/jnm.2012.18.3.246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2012] [Revised: 05/13/2012] [Accepted: 05/23/2012] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Migrating motor complex (MMC) is well characterized by the appearance of gastrointestinal contractions in the interdigestive state. This review article discussed the mechanism of gastrointestinal MMC. Luminal administration of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) initiates duodenal phase II followed by gastrointestinal phase III with a concomitant increase of plasma motilin release in conscious dogs. Duodenal 5-HT concentration is increased during gastric phase II and phase III. Intravenous infusion of motilin increases luminal 5-HT content and induces gastrointestinal phase III. 5-HT(4) antagonists significantly inhibits both of gastric and intestinal phase III, while 5-HT(3) antagonists inhibited only gastric phase III. These suggest that gastrointestinal MMC cycle is mediated via the interaction between motilin and 5-HT by the positive feedback mechanism. Gastric MMC is regulated via vagus, 5-HT(3/4) receptors and motilin, while intestinal MMC is regulated via intrinsic primary afferent neurons and 5-HT(4) receptors. Stress is highly associated with the pathogenesis of functional dyspepsia. Acoustic stress attenuates gastric phase III without affecting intestinal phase III in conscious dogs, via reduced vagal activity and increased sympathetic activity. It has been shown that subset of functional dyspepsia patients show reduced vagal activity and impaired gastric phase III. The physiological importance of gastric MMC is a mechanical and chemical cleansing of the empty stomach in preparation for the next meal. The impaired gastric MMC may aggravate dyspeptic symptoms following a food ingestion. Thus, maintaining gastric MMC in the interdigestive state is an important factor to prevent the postprandial dyspeptic symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toku Takahashi
- Department of Surgery, Medical College of Wisconsin and Zablocki VA Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
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Zhang H, Han T, Sun LN, Huang BK, Chen YF, Zheng HC, Qin LP. Regulative effects of essential oil from Atractylodes lancea on delayed gastric emptying in stress-induced rats. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2008; 15:602-611. [PMID: 18430552 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2008.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2007] [Revised: 12/06/2007] [Accepted: 02/20/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Gastric motor dysfunction induced by psychological stress results in many symptoms of functional dyspepsia (FD). There are a number of herbal medicines that are reported to improve gastrointestinal motor. However, the mechanisms of considerable herbal medicines are not explicit. In the present study, the effects of an essential oil (EO) extracted from Atractylodes lancea on delayed gastric emptying, gastrointestinal hormone and hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) abnormalities induced by restraint stress in rats were investigated and the mechanism of the EO is also explored. Oral administration of EO for 7 days did not affect normal gastric emptying, but accelerated delayed gastric emptying induced by restraint stress in rats. The EO significantly increased the levels of motilin (MTL) and gastrin (GAS) and decreased the levels of somatostatin (SS) and CRF. The EO did not modify gastric emptying in vagotomized rats that underwent restraint stress, but antagonized delayed gastric emptying induced by intracisternal injection of CRF. These results suggest that the regulative effects of the EO on delayed gastric emptying are preformed mainly via inhibition of the release of central CRF and activation of vagal pathway, which are also involved in the release of gastrointestinal hormones such as MTL, GAS and SS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhang
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
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Iwa M, Nakade Y, Pappas TN, Takahashi T. Electroacupuncture elicits dual effects: stimulation of delayed gastric emptying and inhibition of accelerated colonic transit induced by restraint stress in rats. Dig Dis Sci 2006; 51:1493-500. [PMID: 16868821 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-006-9083-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2005] [Accepted: 10/07/2005] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Acupuncture has been used for treating functional gastrointestinal (GI) disorders. Animal studies have demonstrated that acupuncture antagonized various stress-induced responses. We investigated the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) at ST-36 (Zusanli; lower limb) on stress-induced alteration of GI motor activities. Solid gastric emptying was significantly delayed by restraint stress (29.6+/-2.4%; n=7) compared to that of controls (60.0+/-2.5%; n=8). Delayed gastric emptying was significantly improved by EA at ST-36 (47.2+/-1.8%). Intracisternal (IC) injection of corticotropin releasing factor (CRF; 1 microg) delayed gastric emptying to 25.4+/-3.1%, which was also improved by EA at ST-36, to 53.0+/-7.1% (n=8). The stimulatory effect of EA on stress-induced delayed gastric emptying was abolished by atropine (17.6+/-1.9%) but not by guanethidine (42.2+/-2.3%). Colonic transit was significantly accelerated by restraint stress (GC=7.2+/-0.3; n=8) compared to that of controls (GC=5.2+/-0.2; n=8). Accelerated colonic transit was significantly reduced by EA at ST-36 (GC=4.9+/-0.3). IC injection of CRF accelerated colonic transit (GC=6.9+/-0.2), which was also normalized by EA at ST-36 (GC=4.7+/-0.2). The inhibitory effect of EA on stress-induced acceleration of colonic transit was not affected by guanethidine (GC=4.6+/-0.3). In conclusion, EA at ST-36 showed dual effects: stimulation of stress-induced delayed gastric emptying and inhibition of stress-induced acceleration of colonic transit. The stimulatory effect of EA on stress-induced delayed gastric emptying is mediated via cholinergic pathways. The inhibitory effect of EA on stress-induced acceleration of colonic transit is independent of the sympathetic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Iwa
- Department of Surgery, Duke University and Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27705, USA
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Iwa M, Nakade Y, Pappas TN, Takahashi T. Electroacupuncture improves restraint stress-induced delay of gastric emptying via central glutaminergic pathways in conscious rats. Neurosci Lett 2006; 399:6-10. [PMID: 16406343 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2005.11.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2005] [Revised: 11/19/2005] [Accepted: 11/30/2005] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Acupuncture has been used for treating functional gastrointestinal (GI) disorders. Animal studies demonstrated that acupuncture improves various stress-induced physiological responses. We investigated the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) at ST-36 (Zusanli; lower limb) on stress-induced delay of gastric emptying. Solid food gastric emptying in 90 min was significantly delayed by restraint stress (27.3 +/- 2.1%, n = 8), compared to that of controls (64 +/- 2.1%, n = 8). Restraint stress-induced delay of gastric emptying was significantly restored by the intracisternal (IC)-injection of GABA(A) receptor antagonist, bicuculline methiodide (46.5 +/- 3.1%; n = 6) and GABA(B) receptor antagonist, phaclofen (48 +/- 3.3%; n = 6). Delayed gastric emptying induced by restraint stress was significantly improved by EA at ST-36 (49.7 +/- 1.4%). The stimulatory effect of EA on stress-induced delay of gastric emptying was prevented by pretreatment with IC-injection of glutamate receptor antagonist, kynurenic acid (30.1 +/- 2.1%). In conclusion, restraint stress-induced delay of gastric emptying is mediated via central GABA(A) and GABA(B) receptors. EA at ST-36 stimulates glutaminergic neurons in the brainstem resulting in improvement of stress-induced delay of gastric emptying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Iwa
- Department of Surgery, Duke University and Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Surgical Service 112, 508 Fulton Street, NC 27705, USA
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