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Fhoula I, Boumaiza M, Tayh G, Rehaiem A, Klibi N, Ouzari I. Antimicrobial activity and safety features assessment of
Weissella
spp. from environmental sources. Food Sci Nutr 2022; 10:2896-2910. [PMID: 36171785 PMCID: PMC9469857 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Weissella strains have been reported to be useful in biotechnological and probiotic determinations, and some of them are considered opportunistic pathogens. Given the widespread interest about antimicrobial susceptibilities, transmission of resistances, and virulence factors, there is little research available on such topics for Weissella. The aim of this study was to assess the safety aspects and antimicrobial potential of 54 Weissella spp. strains from different environmental sources. Antibiotic susceptibility, hemolytic activity, horizontal transfer, and antibacterial activity were studied, as well as the detection of biogenic amine BA production on decarboxylase medium and PCR was performed. All the strains were nonhemolytic and sensitive to chloramphenicol and ampicillin. Several strains were classified as resistant to fusidic acid, and very low resistance rates were detected to ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, streptomycin, lincomycin, erythromycin, and rifampicin, although all strains had intrinsic resistance to vancomycin, nalidixic acid, kanamycin, and teicoplanin. Two BA‐producing strains (W. halotolerans FAS30 and FAS29) exhibited tyrosine decarboxylase activity, and just one W. confusa FS077 produced both tyramine and histamine, and their genetic determinants were identified. Ornithine decarboxylase/odc gene was found in 16 of the Weissella strains, although 3 of them synthesize putrescine. Interestingly, eight strains with good properties displayed antibacterial activity. Conjugation frequencies of erythromycin from Bacillus to Weissella spp. varied in the average of 3 × 10−9 transconjugants/recipient. However, no tetracycline‐resistant transconjugant was obtained with Enterococcus faecalis JH2‐2 as recipient. The obtained results support the safe status of Weissella strains, derived from environmental sources, when used as probiotics in animal feed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imene Fhoula
- Laboratoire Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives (LR03ES03) Faculté des Sciences de Tunis Université Tunis El Manar Tunis Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Boumaiza
- Laboratoire Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives (LR03ES03) Faculté des Sciences de Tunis Université Tunis El Manar Tunis Tunisia
| | - Ghassan Tayh
- Laboratoire Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives (LR03ES03) Faculté des Sciences de Tunis Université Tunis El Manar Tunis Tunisia
- Service de Microbiologie et d’Immunologie Ecole Nationale de Médecine Vétérinaire Université Manouba Sidi Thabet Tunisia
| | - Amel Rehaiem
- Faculty of Medicine of Tunis Research Laboratory “Antimicrobial Resistance” LR99ES09 University of Tunis El Manar Tunis Tunisia
- Laboratory of Microbiology Charles Nicolle Hospital Tunis Tunisia
| | - Naouel Klibi
- Laboratoire Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives (LR03ES03) Faculté des Sciences de Tunis Université Tunis El Manar Tunis Tunisia
| | - Imene‐Hadda Ouzari
- Laboratoire Microorganismes et Biomolécules Actives (LR03ES03) Faculté des Sciences de Tunis Université Tunis El Manar Tunis Tunisia
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Sameli N, Skandamis PN, Samelis J. Application of Enterococcus faecium KE82, an Enterocin A-B-P-Producing Strain, as an Adjunct Culture Enhances Inactivation of Listeria monocytogenes during Traditional Protected Designation of Origin Galotyri Processing. J Food Prot 2021; 84:87-98. [PMID: 33411927 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-20-278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT The ability of the enterocin A-B-P-producing Enterococcus faecium KE82 adjunct strain to inactivate Listeria monocytogenes during protected designation of origin Galotyri processing was evaluated. Three trials were conducted with artisan cheeses made from traditionally "boiled" (85°C) ewe's milk. The milk was cooled at 42°C and divided in two treatments. A1 milk was inoculated with Streptococcus thermophilus ST1 and Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris M78, and A2 was inoculated with the basic starter ST1+M78 plus KE82 (step 1). All milks were fermented at 20 to 22°C for 24 h (step 2), and the curds were drained at 12°C for 72 h (step 3) and then salted with 1.5 to 1.8% salt to obtain the fresh Galotyri cheeses (step 4). These fresh cheeses were then ripened at 4°C for 30 days (step 5). Because artificial listerial contamination in the dairy plant was prohibited, samples of A1 and A2 cheese milk (200 mL) or curd (200 g) were collected after steps 1 through 5, inoculated with L. monocytogenes 10 (3 to 4 log CFU/mL or g), incubated at 37, 22, 12, and 4°C for predefined periods, and analyzed for microbial levels and pH. L. monocytogenes levels declined in all cheese curd portions contaminated after steps 2 through 5 (pH 4.36 to 4.84) when stored at 4 or 12°C for 15 days. The final net reductions in Listeria populations were 2.00-, 1.07-, 0.54-, and 0.61-log greater in the A2 than in the A1 curd portions after steps 2, 3, 4, and 5, respectively. In step 1, conducted to simulate the whole cheese milk fermentation process, L. monocytogenes levels declined by 1.47 log CFU/mL more in the A2 than in the A1 milk portions after 72 h at 22°C; however, slight growth (0.6 log CFU/mL) occurred during the first 6 h at 37°C. E. faecium KE82 was compatible with the starter culture and enhanced inactivation of L. monocytogenes during all steps of Galotyri cheese processing. The antilisterial effects of the combined acid and enterocin were the weakest in the fermenting milks, the strongest in the unsalted fermented curds, and declined again in the salted fresh cheeses. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikoletta Sameli
- Dairy Research Institute, General Directorate of Agricultural Research, Hellenic Agricultural Organization DEMETER, Katsikas, 45221 Ioannina, Greece.,Laboratory of Food Quality Control and Hygiene, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, Votanikos, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis N Skandamis
- Laboratory of Food Quality Control and Hygiene, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, Votanikos, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - John Samelis
- Dairy Research Institute, General Directorate of Agricultural Research, Hellenic Agricultural Organization DEMETER, Katsikas, 45221 Ioannina, Greece.,(ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4921-5649 [J.S.])
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Furlaneto-Maia L, Ramalho R, Rocha KR, Furlaneto MC. Antimicrobial activity of enterocins against Listeria sp. and other food spoilage bacteria. Biotechnol Lett 2020; 42:797-806. [PMID: 31970555 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-020-02810-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine bacteriocin producers and the prevalence of structural enterocin genes and to detect the spectrum of activity against foodborne pathogens, from isolates of Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis that were isolated from food and the environment. RESULTS The entA, entB, entP, ent1071 and entX genes, which encode enterocins were the most frequently observed. Enterocins were thermostable, proteinaceous, and resistant to catalase. None of the isolates produced hemolysin, and inhibition resulting from bacteriophage lysis was excluded. The bactericidal effect of enterocins against L. innocua 12612 was determined by optical density and colony forming units. For the activity spectrum, elimination of mainly Listeria strains, Bacillus sp. and clinical enterococci, was observed. Imaging with scanning electron microscopy after treatment with enterocin Efm22 showed irregular rod-shaped cells and loss of cellular integrity. CONCLUSIONS The isolates evaluated in this study are candidates for the production of enterocins that will be used as food biopreservatives, because they have high anti-listerial activity even after 24 h of experimentation, and used in the pharmaceutical area because they inhibit clinical microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Furlaneto-Maia
- Department of Food Technology, Federal Technological University of Paraná, Campus Londrina, Paraná, 86036-370, Brazil.
| | - Regiane Ramalho
- Department of Food Technology, Federal Technological University of Paraná, Campus Londrina, Paraná, 86036-370, Brazil
| | - Kátia Real Rocha
- Department of Microbiology, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, C.P. 6001, 86051990, Brazil
| | - Márcia Cristina Furlaneto
- Department of Microbiology, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Paraná, C.P. 6001, 86051990, Brazil
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Vandera E, Tsirka G, Kakouri A, Koukkou AI, Samelis J. Approaches for enhancing in situ detection of enterocin genes in thermized milk, and selective isolation of enterocin-producing Enterococcus faecium from Baird-Parker agar. Int J Food Microbiol 2018; 281:23-31. [PMID: 29803907 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2018.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Enterococci are naturally selected for growth in thermized ewes'/goats' milk mixtures used for traditional cooked hard cheese processing in Greece. A culture-independent PCR-based approach was applied to detect the presence of enterocin-encoding genes in naturally culture-enriched thermized milk (TM). Portions of TM (63 °C, 30 s) collected from a commercial cheese plant before addition of starters were fermented at 37 °C for 48 h to facilitate growth of indigenous enterococci. The multiple enterocin-producing (m-Ent+) Enterococcus faecium KE82 and the nisin A-producing Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris M104 served as bacteriocin-positive inocula in separate TM treatments. The PCR results revealed a constant presence of the enterocin A, B and P genes in TM fermented naturally at 37 °C. Eleven out of 42 (26.2%) lactic isolates from the enriched TM cultures without inoculation were Ent+ E. faecium assigned to three biotypes. Biotype I (4 isolates) included single entA possessors, whereas biotype II (5 isolates) and biotype III (2 isolates) were m-Ent+ variants profiling entA-entB-entP and entA-entB genes, respectively. Biotype II displayed the strongest antilisterial activity in vitro. Surprisingly, 85.7% (6/7) of the m-Ent+ E. faecium were selectively isolated from Baird-Parker agar, reflecting their natural resistance to 0.01% tellurite contained in the egg yolk supplement. No cytolysin-positive E. faecalis or other Ent+ Enterococcus spp. were isolated. In conclusion, commercially thermized Greek milk is a natural pool or 'reservoir' of antagonistic Ent+ or m-Ent+ E. faecium strains that can be easily detected and recovered by applying this PCR-based approach to naturally fermented milks or cheese products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elpiniki Vandera
- Hellenic Agricultural Organization 'DIMITRA', General Directorate of Agricultural Research, Dairy Research Institute, Katsikas, 45221 Ioannina, Greece; University of Ioannina, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Biochemistry, 45100 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Georgia Tsirka
- Hellenic Agricultural Organization 'DIMITRA', General Directorate of Agricultural Research, Dairy Research Institute, Katsikas, 45221 Ioannina, Greece; University of Ioannina, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Biochemistry, 45100 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Athanasia Kakouri
- Hellenic Agricultural Organization 'DIMITRA', General Directorate of Agricultural Research, Dairy Research Institute, Katsikas, 45221 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Anna-Irini Koukkou
- University of Ioannina, Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Biochemistry, 45100 Ioannina, Greece
| | - John Samelis
- Hellenic Agricultural Organization 'DIMITRA', General Directorate of Agricultural Research, Dairy Research Institute, Katsikas, 45221 Ioannina, Greece.
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Cavicchioli V, Camargo A, Todorov S, Nero L. Novel bacteriocinogenic Enterococcus hirae and Pediococcus pentosaceus strains with antilisterial activity isolated from Brazilian artisanal cheese. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:2526-2535. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-12049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Portilla-Vázquez S, Rodríguez A, Ramírez-Lepe M, Mendoza-García PG, Martínez B. Biodiversity of Bacteriocin-Producing Lactic Acid Bacteria from Mexican Regional Cheeses and their Contribution to Milk Fermentation. FOOD BIOTECHNOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/08905436.2016.1198263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Rehaiem A, Fhoula I, Slim AF, Ben Boubaker IB, Chihi AB, Ouzari HI. Prevalence, acquired antibiotic resistance and bacteriocin production of Enterococcus spp. isolated from tunisian fermented food products. Food Control 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2015.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Hu X, Mao R, Zhang Y, Teng D, Wang X, Xi D, Huang J, Wang J. Biotechnical paving of recombinant enterocin A as the candidate of anti-Listeria agent. BMC Microbiol 2014; 14:220. [PMID: 25163588 PMCID: PMC4160546 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-014-0220-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Enterocin A is a classic IIa bacteriocin isolated firstly from Enterococcus faecium CTC492 with selective antimicrobial activity against Listeria strains. However, the application of enterocin A as an anti-Listeria agent has been limited due to its very low native yield. The present work describes high production of enterocin A through codon optimization strategy and its character study. Results The gene sequence of enterocin A was optimized based on preferential codon usage in Pichia pastoris to increase its expression efficiency. The highest anti-Listeria activity reached 51,200 AU/ml from 180 mg/l of total protein after 24 h of induction in a 5-L fermenter. Recombinant enterocin A (rEntA), purified by gel filtration chromatography, showed very strong activity against Listeria ivanovii ATCC 19119 with a low MIC of 20 ng/ml. In addition, the rEntA killed over 99% of tested L. ivanovii ATCC19119 within 4 h when exposed to 4 × MIC (80 ng/ml). Moreover, it showed high stability under a wide pH range (2–10) and maintained full activity after 1 h of treatment at 80°C within a pH range of 2–8. Its antimicrobial activity was enhanced at 25 and 50 mM NaCl, while 100–400 mM NaCl had little effect on the bactericidal ability of rEntA. Conclusion The EntA was successfully expressed in P. pastoris, and this feasible system could pave the pre-industrial technological path of rEntA as a competent candidate as an anti-Listeria agent. Furthermore, it showed high stability under wide ranges of conditions, which could be potential as the new candidate of anti-Listeria agent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jianzhong Huang
- Key Laboratory of Feed Biotechnology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081, China.
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Rehaiem A, Belgacem ZB, Edalatian MR, Martínez B, Rodríguez A, Manai M, Guerra NP. Assessment of potential probiotic properties and multiple bacteriocin encoding-genes of the technological performing strain Enterococcus faecium MMRA. Food Control 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2013.09.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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