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Mapping RRI Dimensions and Sustainability into Regional Development Policies and Urban Planning Instruments. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12145675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Responsible Research and Innovation (RRI) is an inclusive approach to the research and innovation process. Regional and local authorities are encouraged to take advantages of RRI in order to address the complexity of the interplay between science and society, especially as it affects territorial development policies. However, adopting the RRI approach is not an immediate or linear process. Consciously or not, many territories have already adopted policies and planning instruments that incorporate RRI, generating effects on the spatial scales. The aim of this study is to provide a methodology to map the inclusion of RRI dimensions (i.e., public engagement, open access, gender, ethics, science education) into regional development policies and spatial planning instruments, in order to detect integrated strategies and elements that are sustainable, open, inclusive, anticipative and responsive. The mapping methodology has been applied to three territorial pilot cases. The results provide the territories with a baseline to improve the integration of the RRI approach in their commitments to develop self-sustaining research and innovation ecosystems. Through the lessons learnt from the pilot cases, recommendations are drawn for the integration of RRI in spatial and urban planning policies and tools.
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Schuijff M, Dijkstra AM. Practices of Responsible Research and Innovation: A Review. SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING ETHICS 2020; 26:533-574. [PMID: 31845176 DOI: 10.1007/s11948-019-00167-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents results of a systematic literature review of RRI practices which aimed to gather insights to further both the theoretical and practical development of RRI. Analysing practices of RRI and mapping out main approaches as well as the values, dimensions or characteristics pursued with those practices, can add to understanding of the more conceptual discussions of RRI and enhance the academic debate. The results, based on a corpus of 52 articles, show that practices already reflect the rich variety of values, dimensions and characteristics provided in the main definitions in use, although not all are addressed yet. In fact, articles dealing with uptake of RRI practices may be improved by including more methodological information. RRI practices may further the conceptual debate by including more reflection, and these may foster mutual responsiveness between theory and practice by early anticipating impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirjam Schuijff
- University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Anne M Dijkstra
- University of Twente, P.O. Box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands.
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Taebi B, Kastenberg WE. Teaching Engineering Ethics to PhD Students: A Berkeley-Delft Initiative : Commentary on "Ethics Across the Curriculum: Prospects for Broader (and Deeper) Teaching and Learning in Research and Engineering Ethics". SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING ETHICS 2019; 25:1763-1770. [PMID: 27411530 PMCID: PMC6952336 DOI: 10.1007/s11948-016-9809-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A joint effort by the University of California at Berkeley and Delft University of Technology to develop a graduate engineering ethics course for PhD students encountered two types of challenges: academic and institutional. Academically, long-term collaborative research efforts between engineering and philosophy faculty members might be needed before successful engineering ethics courses can be initiated; the teaching of ethics to engineering graduate students and collaborative research need to go hand-in-hand. Institutionally, both bottom-up approaches at the level of the faculty and as a joint research and teaching effort, and top-down approaches that include recognition by a University's administration and the top level of education management, are needed for successful and sustainable efforts to teach engineering ethics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnam Taebi
- Department of Philosophy, Technology, Policy and Management, Delft University of Technology, PO 5015, 2600 GA Delft, The Netherlands
- Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs, Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, 79 John F. Kennedy Street, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
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Davies SR. An Ethics of the System: Talking to Scientists About Research Integrity. SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING ETHICS 2019; 25:1235-1253. [PMID: 30251235 DOI: 10.1007/s11948-018-0064-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Research integrity and misconduct have recently risen to public attention as policy issues. Concern has arisen about divergence between this policy discourse and the language and concerns of scientists. This interview study, carried out in Denmark with a cohort of highly internationalised natural scientists, explores how researchers talk about integrity and good science. It finds, first, that these scientists were largely unaware of the Danish Code of Conduct for Responsible Conduct of Research and indifferent towards the value of such codes; second, that they presented an image of good science as nuanced and thereby as difficult to manage through abstracted, principle-based codes; and third, that they repeatedly pointed to systemic issues both as triggering misconduct and as ethical problems in and of themselves. Research integrity is framed as a part of wider moves to 'responsibilise' science; understood in these terms, resistance to codes of conduct and the representation of integrity as a problem of science as a whole can be seen as a rejection of a neoliberal individualisation of responsibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R Davies
- Department of Media, Cognition and Communication, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Pacifico Silva H, Lehoux P, Miller FA, Denis JL. Introducing responsible innovation in health: a policy-oriented framework. Health Res Policy Syst 2018; 16:90. [PMID: 30200985 PMCID: PMC6131953 DOI: 10.1186/s12961-018-0362-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The scholarship on responsible research and innovation (RRI) aims to align the processes and outcomes of innovation with societal values by involving a broad range of stakeholders from a very early stage. Though this scholarship offers a new lens to consider the challenges new health technologies raise for health systems around the world, there is a need to define the dimensions that specifically characterise responsible innovation in health (RIH). The present article aims to introduce an integrative RIH framework drawing on the RRI literature, the international literature on health systems as well as specific bodies of knowledge that shed light on key dimensions of health innovations. Combining inductive and deductive theory-building strategies and concomitant with the development of a formal tool to assess the responsibility of innovations, we developed a framework that is comprised of nine dimensions organised within five value domains, namely population health, health system, economic, organisational and environmental. RIH provides health and innovation policy-makers with a common framework that supports the development of innovations that can tackle significant system-level challenges, including sustainability and equity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hudson Pacifico Silva
- Institute of Public Health Research of University of Montreal (IRSPUM), Montreal, Canada
| | - Pascale Lehoux
- Department of Health Management, Evaluation and Policy, University of Montreal, P.O. Box 6128, Branch Centre-ville, Montreal, Quebec, H3C 3J7, Canada. .,University of Montreal Chair on Responsible Innovation in Health, Institute of Public Health Research of University of Montreal (IRSPUM), Research Center of the University of Montreal Health Center (CRCHUM), P.O. Box 6128, Branch Centre-ville, Montreal, Quebec, H3C 3J7, Canada.
| | - Fiona Alice Miller
- Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jean-Louis Denis
- Department of Health Management, Evaluation and Policy, School of Public Health, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada.,Canada Research Chair on Governance and Transformation of Health Organizations and Systems, Montreal, Canada
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Viswanath B, Kim S. Influence of Nanotoxicity on Human Health and Environment: The Alternative Strategies. REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2017; 242:61-104. [PMID: 27718008 DOI: 10.1007/398_2016_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Currently, nanotechnology revolutionizing both scientific and industrial community due to their applications in the fields of medicine, environmental protection, energy, and space exploration. Despite of the evident benefits of nanoparticles, there are still open questions about the influence of these nanoparticles on human health and environment. This is one of the critical issues that have to be addressed in the near future, before massive production of nanomaterials. Manufactured nanoparticles, which are finding ever-increasing applications in industry and consumer products fall into the category of emerging contaminants with ecological and toxicological effects on populations, communities and ecosystems. The existing experimental knowledge gave evidence that inhaled nanoparticles are less efficiently separated than larger particles by the macrophage clearance mechanisms and these nanoparticles are known to translocate through the lymphatic, circulatory and nervous systems to many tissues and organs, including the brain. In this review we highlight adverse impacts of nanoparticles on human and the environment with special emphasis on green nanoscience as a sustainable alternative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buddolla Viswanath
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Gachon University, San 65, Bokjeong-Dong, Sujeong-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 461-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghyo Kim
- Department of Bionanotechnology, Gachon University, San 65, Bokjeong-Dong, Sujeong-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 461-701, Republic of Korea.
- Gil Medical Center, Graduate Gachon Medical Research Institute, Incheon, 405-760, Republic of Korea.
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Burget M, Bardone E, Pedaste M. Definitions and Conceptual Dimensions of Responsible Research and Innovation: A Literature Review. SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING ETHICS 2017; 23:1-19. [PMID: 27090147 DOI: 10.1007/s11948-016-9782-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to provide a discussion on the definitions and conceptual dimensions of Responsible Research and Innovation based on findings from the literature. In the study, the outcomes of a literature review of 235 RRI-related articles were presented. The articles were selected from the EBSCO and Google Scholar databases regarding the definitions and dimensions of RRI. The results of the study indicated that while administrative definitions were widely quoted in the reviewed literature, they were not substantially further elaborated. Academic definitions were mostly derived from the institutional definitions; however, more empirical studies should be conducted in order to give a broader empirical basis to the development of the concept. In the current study, four distinct conceptual dimensions of RRI that appeared in the reviewed literature were brought out: inclusion, anticipation, responsiveness and reflexivity. Two emerging conceptual dimensions were also added: sustainability and care.
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Ribeiro BE, Smith RDJ, Millar K. A Mobilising Concept? Unpacking Academic Representations of Responsible Research and Innovation. SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING ETHICS 2017; 23:81-103. [PMID: 26956121 DOI: 10.1007/s11948-016-9761-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This paper makes a plea for more reflexive attempts to develop and anchor the emerging concept of responsible research and innovation (RRI). RRI has recently emerged as a buzzword in science policy, becoming a focus of concerted experimentation in many academic circles. Its performative capacity means that it is able to mobilise resources and spaces despite no common understanding of what it is or should be 'made of'. In order to support reflection and practice amongst those who are interested in and using the concept, this paper unpacks understandings of RRI across a multi-disciplinary body of peer-reviewed literature. Our analysis focuses on three key dimensions of RRI (motivations, theoretical conceptualisations and translations into practice) that remain particularly opaque. A total of 48 publications were selected through a systematic literature search and their content was qualitatively analysed. Across the literature, RRI is portrayed as a concept that embeds numerous features of existing approaches to govern and assess emerging technologies. Our analysis suggests that its greatest potential may be in its ability to unify and provide political momentum to a wide range of long-articulated ethical and policy issues. At the same time, RRI's dynamism and resulting complexity may represent its greatest challenge. Further clarification on what RRI has to offer in practice-beyond what has been offered to date-is still needed, as well as more explicit engagement with research and institutional cultures of responsibility. Such work may help to realise the high political expectations that are attached to nascent RRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara E Ribeiro
- Centre for Applied Bioethics, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK.
| | - Robert D J Smith
- Centre for Applied Bioethics, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK
- Department of Social Science, Health and Medicine, King's College London, London, WC2R 2LS, UK
| | - Kate Millar
- Centre for Applied Bioethics, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK
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Bardone E, Lind M. Towards a phronetic space for responsible research (and innovation). LIFE SCIENCES, SOCIETY AND POLICY 2016; 12:5. [PMID: 27207685 PMCID: PMC4875583 DOI: 10.1186/s40504-016-0040-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The term Responsible Research and Innovation has recently gained currency, as it has been designated to be a key-term in the European research framework Horizon 2020. At the level of European research policy, Responsible Research and Innovation can be viewed as an attempt to reach a broader vision of research and innovation as a public good. The current academic debate may be fairly enriched by considering the role that phronesis may have for RRI. Specifically, in this paper we argue that the current debate might be fruitfully enriched by making a categorial shift. Such a categorial shift involves moving away from the temptation to interpret responsible research and innovation in a technocratic way towards a more pluralistic vision that is rooted in the idea of phronesis. In the present context phronesis points the attention to the cultivation and nurturement of the researcher's formation as a type of engagement with the actual practice of researching, a practice in which researchers (and other parties concerned) are called to apply judgment and exercise discretion in specific and often unique situations without the re-assuring viewpoint of the technician.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marianne Lind
- Institute of Education, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
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Doorn N, Spruit S, Robaey Z. Editors' Overview: Experiments, Ethics, and New Technologies. SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING ETHICS 2016; 22:607-11. [PMID: 26745994 PMCID: PMC4912579 DOI: 10.1007/s11948-015-9748-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Neelke Doorn
- Department of Technology, Policy and Management, Delft University of Technology, PO Box 5015, 2600 GA, Delft, The Netherlands.
| | - Shannon Spruit
- Department of Technology, Policy and Management, Delft University of Technology, PO Box 5015, 2600 GA, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Zoë Robaey
- Department of Technology, Policy and Management, Delft University of Technology, PO Box 5015, 2600 GA, Delft, The Netherlands
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