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Estimation of Tibiofemoral Joint Contact Forces Using Foot Loads during Continuous Passive Motions. SENSORS 2022; 22:s22134947. [PMID: 35808441 PMCID: PMC9269803 DOI: 10.3390/s22134947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Continuous passive motion (CPM) machines are commonly used after various knee surgeries, but information on tibiofemoral forces (TFFs) during CPM cycles is limited. This study aimed to explore the changing trend of TFFs during CPM cycles under various ranges of motion (ROM) and body weights (BW) by establishing a two-dimensional mathematical model. TFFs were estimated by using joint angles, foot load, and leg−foot weight. Eleven healthy male participants were tested with ROM ranging from 0° to 120°. The values of the peak TFFs during knee flexion were higher than those during knee extension, varying nonlinearly with ROM. BW had a significant main effect on the peak TFFs and tibiofemoral shear forces, while ROM had a limited effect on the peak TFFs. No significant interaction effects were observed between BW and ROM for each peak TFF, whereas a strong linear correlation existed between the peak tibiofemoral compressive forces (TFCFs) and the peak resultant TFFs (R2 = 0.971, p < 0.01). The proposed method showed promise in serving as an input for optimizing rehabilitation devices.
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Lee BC, Moon CW, Choi WS, Kim YM, Joo YB, Lee DG, Lee SJ, Choi ES, Ji JH, Suh DW, Cho KH. Clinical evaluation of usefulness and effectiveness of sitting type continuous passive motion machines in patients with total knee arthroplasty: a study protocol for a single-blinded randomized controlled trial. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2022; 23:565. [PMID: 35689278 PMCID: PMC9188049 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-022-05507-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is an important management strategy for patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA) refractory to conservative management. Postoperative range of motion (ROM) exercise is important to recover patients’ activities of daily living. Continuous passive motion (CPM) is a machine that provides passive ROM exercises of the knee joint in a pre-defined arc of motion. The short- and long-term effects of CPM exercise are controversial. We hypothesized that the inconsistent results of the CPM exercise are due to poor fitting of CPM machines and measurement errors. This study aims to present a protocol for investigating a new type of CPM machine that could be applied in a sitting position in comparison with the conventional type of CPM machine for patients with unilateral TKAs. Methods This study presents the protocol of a prospective, multicenter, single-blinded, three-armed randomized controlled trial (RCT). One hundred and twenty-six patients receiving unilateral TKAs will be recruited at the physical medicine and rehabilitation clinics of two urban tertiary medical hospitals. The patients were randomly divided into three groups with a 1:1:1 allocation. The intervention group will receive two weeks of post-operative rehabilitation using a new type of CPM machine. The control group will receive 2 weeks of post-operative rehabilitation using conventional CPM machines. The third group will receive post-operative rehabilitation with both types of CPM machines. The primary outcome will be the change in the passive ROM of the affected knee joint from baseline to 2 weeks after baseline assessment. The secondary outcomes will be pain and functional measurements, and will include patient-reported outcomes and performance tests surveyed at multiple time points up to 3 months after TKA. Discussion This is the first RCT to investigate the effect of a new type of CPM machine. The results of this RCT will determine whether the position of the patients during CPM exercise is important in post-operative rehabilitation protocols after TKAs and will provide evidence for the development of proper rehabilitation guidelines after TKAs. Trial registration Clinical Research Information Service of Republic of Korea, KCT0005520, Registered on 21 October 2020, https://cris.nih.go.kr/cris/search/detailSearch.do/21750 Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12891-022-05507-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byung Chan Lee
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, 266 Munhwa-ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon, 35015, Korea
| | - Chang Won Moon
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, 266 Munhwa-ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon, 35015, Korea.,Department of Biomedical Institute, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Woo Sung Choi
- Department of Biomedical Institute, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Young Mo Kim
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Yong Bum Joo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Da Gyo Lee
- Catholic University of Korea Industry Academic Cooperation Foundation. The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sook Joung Lee
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Seok Choi
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Hun Ji
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Whan Suh
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kang Hee Cho
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Chungnam National University College of Medicine, 266 Munhwa-ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon, 35015, Korea. .,Department of Biomedical Institute, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea.
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Lee DR, Therrien E, Song BM, Camp CL, Krych AJ, Stuart MJ, Abdel MP, Levy BA. Arthrofibrosis Nightmares: Prevention and Management Strategies. Sports Med Arthrosc Rev 2022; 30:29-41. [PMID: 35113841 PMCID: PMC8830598 DOI: 10.1097/jsa.0000000000000324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Arthrofibrosis (AF) is an exaggerated immune response to a proinflammatory insult leading to pathologic periarticular fibrosis and symptomatic joint stiffness. The knee, elbow, and shoulder are particularly susceptible to AF, often in the setting of trauma, surgery, or adhesive capsulitis. Prevention through early physiotherapeutic interventions and anti-inflammatory medications remain fundamental to avoiding motion loss. Reliable nonoperative modalities exist and outcomes are improved when etiology, joint involved, and level of dysfunction are considered in the clinical decision making process. Surgical procedures should be reserved for cases recalcitrant to nonoperative measures. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the current understanding of AF pathophysiology, identify common risk factors, describe prevention strategies, and outline both nonoperative and surgical treatment options. This manuscript will focus specifically on sterile AF of the knee, elbow, and shoulder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dustin R. Lee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery & Sports Medicine Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, U.S.A
| | - Erik Therrien
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery & Sports Medicine Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, U.S.A
| | - Bryant M. Song
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery & Sports Medicine Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, U.S.A
| | - Christopher L. Camp
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery & Sports Medicine Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, U.S.A
| | - Aaron J. Krych
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery & Sports Medicine Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, U.S.A
| | - Michael J. Stuart
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery & Sports Medicine Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, U.S.A
| | - Mathew P. Abdel
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery & Sports Medicine Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, U.S.A
| | - Bruce A. Levy
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery & Sports Medicine Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, U.S.A
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Schulze C, Knaack F, Goosmann M, Mittelmeier W, Bader R. [Continuous Passive Motion in Orthopaedic Rehabilitation of the Shoulder Girdle - A Literature Survey]. REHABILITATION 2021; 60:364-373. [PMID: 34261143 DOI: 10.1055/a-1500-8567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Continuous passive motion (CPM) of the shoulder is predominantly used during postoperative rehabilitation of the shoulder girdle. It is often used after rotator cuff repair (RM suture). Incapacity to work and therapy of shoulder diseases cause significant costs for the healthcare system in Germany. METHODS In a literature analysis, studies and reviews of the CPM treatment in scientific databases were therefore identified and analysed with regard to the functional outcome particular after shoulder joint surgery. The quality of the studies was evaluated using the Cochrane Collaboration's Risk of Bias Tool. RESULTS After rotator cuff suturing, clinical studies have predominantly shown a faster improvement in pain level and shoulder mobility when using CPM treatment compared to other forms of treatment. In the case of frozen shoulder, only studies with the scope of CPM in conservative treatment could be identified. Here predominantly faster pain reduction could be observed. Studies addressing CPM in the therapy of Impingement of the shoulder, fracture of the humeral head or arthroplasty of the glenohumeral joint could not be identified. The health economic effects of CPM use are controversially discussed. In the available studies, equipment and other costs are assessed differently. CONCLUSION The analysed clinical studies showed overall positive effects, e. g. a faster improvement of pain level and shoulder mobility, in the postoperative therapy of the shoulder after rotator cuff repair as well as in the conservative therapy of shoulder stiffness for the CPM treatment compared to other forms of treatment. For other entities no meaningful studies are available in the literature to date. Since the health economic effects of the use of CPM have been discussed controversial so far, potential health economic benefits of the use of CPM treatment should be evaluated in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Schulze
- Orthopädische Klinik und Poliklinik, Universitätsmedizin Rostock.,Zentrum für Sportmedizin der Bundeswehr, Warendorf
| | - Franziska Knaack
- Forschungslabor für Biomechanik und Implantattechnologie (FORBIOMIT), Orthopädische Klinik und Poliklinik, Universitätsmedizin Rostock.,Institut für Sportwissenschaft, Universität Rostock
| | - Martin Goosmann
- Orthopädische Klinik und Poliklinik, Universitätsmedizin Rostock
| | | | - Rainer Bader
- Forschungslabor für Biomechanik und Implantattechnologie (FORBIOMIT), Orthopädische Klinik und Poliklinik, Universitätsmedizin Rostock
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Aspinall SK, Bamber ZA, Hignett SM, Godsiff SP, Wheeler PC, Fong DT. Medical stretching devices are effective in the treatment of knee arthrofibrosis: A systematic review. J Orthop Translat 2021; 27:119-131. [PMID: 33659182 PMCID: PMC7878963 DOI: 10.1016/j.jot.2020.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS This systematic review examines the available evidence on the use of medical stretching devices to treat knee arthrofibrosis, it suggests a focus for future studies addressing limitations in current research and identifies gaps in the published literature to facilitate future works. MATERIALS AND METHODS Articles were identified using the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, PubMed and SCOPUS databases. Articles from peer reviewed journals investigating the effectiveness of medical stretching devices to increase range of movement when treating arthrofibrosis of the knee were included. RESULTS A total of 13 studies (558 participants) met the inclusion criteria with the devices falling into the following categories; CPM, load control or displacement control stretching devices. A statistically significant increase in range of movement was demonstrated in CPM, load-control and displacement-control studies (p < 0.001). The results show that the stretch doses applied using the CPM, load-control devices were performed over a considerably longer treatment time and involved significantly more additional physiotherapy compared to the displacement-control and patient actuated serial stretching devices. CONCLUSION The systematic review indicates that load-control and displacement-control devices are effective in increasing range of movement in the treatment of knee arthrofibrosis. Displacement-control devices involving patient actuated serial stretching techniques, may be more effective in increasing knee flexion than those utilising static progressive stretch.The paucity of research in this field indicates that more randomised controlled trials are required to investigate the superiority of the different types of displacement-control stretching devices and which of these would be most effective for use in clinical practice and to compare these with standard physiotherapy treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara K. Aspinall
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Zoe A. Bamber
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
- Division of Orthopaedics, Trauma and Sports Medicine, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Sue M. Hignett
- Loughborough Design School, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Steven P. Godsiff
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Patrick C. Wheeler
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
- Department of Sport and Exercise Medicine, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Daniel T.P. Fong
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
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Hu Y, Li Q, Wei BG, Zhang XS, Torsha TT, Xiao J, Shi ZJ. Blood loss of total knee arthroplasty in osteoarthritis: an analysis of influential factors. J Orthop Surg Res 2018; 13:325. [PMID: 30579365 PMCID: PMC6303980 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-018-1038-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Total knee arthroplasty is regarded as the most effective treatment for severe knee osteoarthritis. The influential factors of blood loss in total knee arthroplasty remain controversial. The study aims to explore the influential factors of blood loss in total knee arthroplasty comprehensively. MATERIAL AND METHODS Three hundred and four osteoarthritis patients undergoing unilateral primary total knee arthroplasty were enrolled. Demographic characteristics, laboratory results, surgical protocol, and hemostatic and anticoagulation drugs were collected. Estimation of blood loss was calculated using the Gross equation. Multivariable stepwise linear regression analysis was performed to find out the influential factors. RESULTS Total blood loss reached the biggest volume (1346 ± 671 mL) in the post-operative third day. Hidden blood loss reached 465 ± 358 mL. Gender, tranexamic acid, prosthesis type, and drainage were proven to be positively correlated with the total blood loss (all P < 0.05). Male appeared to suffer more surgical blood loss than female. Posterior cruciate stabilizing prosthesis might lead to more surgical blood loss than posterior cruciate retaining prosthesis. Tranexamic acid could effectively reduce total blood loss while drainage might increase bleeding. Gender and anticoagulation drugs were correlated with hidden blood loss (both P < 0.05). Low molecular weight heparin resulted in less hidden blood loss than rivaroxaban. CONCLUSIONS Posterior cruciate retaining prosthesis and topical use of tranexamic acid were preferred to reduce total blood loss. Drainage was not recommended due to the risk of increasing bleeding. Low molecular weight heparin was recommended to prevent venous thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Hu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 Guangdong Province China
| | - Qiang Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 Guangdong Province China
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chinese Traditional Medicine Hospital of Huaihua City, Huaihua, 418000 Hunan Province China
| | - Bao-Gang Wei
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 Guangdong Province China
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Inner Mongolia People’s Hospital, Hohhot, 100017 Inner Mongolia China
| | - Xian-Sen Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 Guangdong Province China
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Third People’s Hospital of Dongguan City, Dongguan, 523326 Guangdong Province China
| | | | - Jun Xiao
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 Guangdong Province China
| | - Zhan-Jun Shi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515 Guangdong Province China
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Song F, Jiang D, Wang T, Wang Y, Chen F, Xu G, Kang Y, Zhang Y. Mechanical Loading Improves Tendon-Bone Healing in a Rabbit Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Model by Promoting Proliferation and Matrix Formation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Tendon Cells. Cell Physiol Biochem 2017; 41:875-889. [DOI: 10.1159/000460005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims: This study investigated the effect of mechanical stress on tendon-bone healing in a rabbit anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction model as well as cell proliferation and matrix formation in co-culture of bone-marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) and tendon cells (TCs). Methods: The effect of continuous passive motion (CPM) therapy on tendon-bone healing in a rabbit ACL reconstruction model was evaluated by histological analysis, biomechanical testing and gene expressions at the tendon-bone interface. Furthermore, the effect of mechanical stretch on cell proliferation and matrix synthesis in BMSC/TC co-culture was also examined. Results: Postoperative CPM therapy significantly enhanced tendon-bone healing, as evidenced by increased amount of fibrocartilage, elevated ultimate load to failure levels, and up-regulated gene expressions of Collagen I, alkaline phosphatase, osteopontin, Tenascin C and tenomodulin at the tendon-bone junction. In addition, BMSC/TC co-culture treated with mechanical stretch showed a higher rate of cell proliferation and enhanced expressions of Collagen I, Collagen III, alkaline phosphatase, osteopontin, Tenascin C and tenomodulin than that of controls. Conclusion: These results demonstrated that proliferation and differentiation of local precursor cells could be enhanced by mechanical stimulation, which results in enhanced regenerative potential of BMSCs and TCs in tendon-bone healing.
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Liao CD, Huang YC, Lin LF, Chiu YS, Tsai JC, Chen CL, Liou TH. Continuous passive motion and its effects on knee flexion after total knee arthroplasty in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2016; 24:2578-86. [PMID: 26286622 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-015-3754-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study evaluated the effects of continuous passive motion (CPM) on accelerated flexion after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and whether CPM application measures (i.e. initial angle and daily increment) are associated with functional outcomes. METHODS A retrospective investigation was conducted at the rehabilitation centre of a university-based teaching hospital. Patients who received CPM therapy immediately after TKA surgery were categorized into rapid-, normal-, and slow-progress groups according to their response to CPM during their acute inpatient stay. Knee pain, passive knee flexion, and knee function-measured using the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC)-were assessed preoperatively at discharge and at 3- and 6-month outpatient follow-up visits. RESULTS A total of 354 patients were followed for 6 months after inpatient-stay discharge. The patients in the rapid-progress group (n = 119) exhibited significantly greater knee flexions than those in the slow-progress group did (n = 103) at the 3-month follow-up [mean difference (MD) = 10.3°, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 4.3°-16.3°, p < 0.001] and 6-month follow-up (MD = 10.9°, 95 % CI 6.3°-15.6°, p < 0.001). Significant WOMAC score differences between the rapid- and slow-progress groups were observed at the 3-month follow-up (MD = 7.2, 95 % CI 5.4-9.1, p < 0.001) and 6-month follow-up (MD = 16.1, 95 % CI 13.4-18.7, p < 0.001). CPM initial angles and rapid progress significantly predicted short- and long-term outcomes in knee flexion and WOMAC scores (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION When CPM is used, early application with initial high flexion and rapid progress benefits knee function up to 6 months after TKA. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE II.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-De Liao
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- School and Graduate Institute of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ching Huang
- Department of Exercise and Health Science, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Fong Lin
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Shuo Chiu
- Department of Orthopedics, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Chen Tsai
- Department of Nursing, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Lung Chen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsan-Hon Liou
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Injury Prevention and Control, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wu-Hsing Street, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Liao CD, Huang YC, Chiu YS, Liou TH. Effect of body mass index on knee function outcomes following continuous passive motion in patients with osteoarthritis after total knee replacement: a retrospective study. Physiotherapy 2016; 103:266-275. [PMID: 27647443 DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity may influence postoperative rehabilitation outcomes after total knee replacement (TKR). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of body mass index (BMI) on the progression of inpatient rehabilitation using continuous passive motion (CPM) and its treatment outcomes. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING A retrospective study was conducted in a rehabilitation centre. In total, 354 patients undergoing primary TKR were enrolled through medical chart review. INTERVENTION All patients commenced the CPM programme immediately after surgery and continued until hospital discharge. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Knee flexion, pain score, and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) physical function score. DESIGN Patients were divided into five BMI groups: normal weight (n=59), overweight (n=95), Class I obesity (n=90), Class II obesity (n=82) and Class III obesity (n=28). All outcome measures were recorded at admission; daily during the inpatient stay; at discharge; and at 1-, 3- and 6-month follow-up assessments. RESULTS During CPM exercises, obese patients had a smaller initial flexion angle (P<0.001) and a smaller daily increment in the CPM motion arc (P<0.001) compared with patients of normal weight. Severe obesity was associated with poor knee flexion [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 11.9, 95% confidence interval (CI) 3.49 to 40.94, P<0.001] and WOMAC physical function score (aOR 5.09, 95% CI 1.62 to 16.03, P=0.005) at 6-month follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Obesity had a negative effect on progress during the CPM protocol, which commenced immediately after surgery and continued until discharge. Obesity was also associated with poorer self-reported function at 6-month follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- C-D Liao
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; School and Graduate Institute of Physical Therapy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Y-C Huang
- Department of Exercise and Health Science, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Y-S Chiu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - T-H Liou
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Injury Prevention and Control, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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McElroy MJ, Johnson AJ, Zywiel MG, Mont MA. Devices for the prevention and treatment of knee stiffness after total knee arthroplasty. Expert Rev Med Devices 2014; 8:57-65. [DOI: 10.1586/erd.10.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Karnes JM, Harris JD, Griesser MJ, Flanigan DC. Continuous passive motion following cartilage surgery: does a common protocol exist? PHYSICIAN SPORTSMED 2013; 41:53-63. [PMID: 24231597 DOI: 10.3810/psm.2013.11.2036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Continuous passive motion (CPM) devices have the potential to improve the histological content as well as the rate and volume of chondrogenesis in repair tissue following chondral injury. However, clinical evidence is lacking to support broad implementation of CPM following cartilage restoration procedures. We searched PubMed, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, and Cochrane for such terms as knee, continuous passive motion, CPM, ACI, ACT, autologous chondrocyte implantation, autologous chondrocyte transplantation, microfracture, marrow-stimulation technique, mosaicplasty, osteochondral autograft, and osteochondral allograft. Inclusion criteria were all English-language studies of human subjects, evidence levels I to IV, reporting the use of CPM following cartilage repair or restoration surgery in the knee. One hundred and seven studies met inclusion criteria. Sixty-three studies reported the use of CPM following autologous chondrocyte implantation; 28 reported the use of CPM following microfracture; 13 reported the use of CPM following osteochondral autograft; and 15 reported the use of CPM following osteochondral allograft (several studies reported > 1 type of cartilage procedure, which explains why the sum of all studies reporting a particular procedure [119] is greater than the number of studies included in the review [107]). Of the 5723 patients included, 60.8% were treated with autologous chondrocyte implantation, 23.1% were treated with microfracture, 6.4% were treated with osteochondral autograft, and 9.7% were treated with osteochondral allograft. Of the 6612 total defects, 5043 (76.3%) were tibiofemoral and 1569 (23.7%) were patellofemoral. Most reports of CPM use after cartilage restoration procedures did not include specific information on how it was implemented. Overall, the description of CPM protocols in published knee articular cartilage surgery studies was disappointing. The majority of studies did not describe common variables such as the duration of CPM therapy, the initiation of CPM therapy, and the initial range of motion used. The most commonly prescribed parameters within a CPM regimen are initiated on the first postoperative day, with an initial range-of-motion of 0 to 30 degrees and a frequency of 1 cycle per minute, and for 6 to 8 hours daily over 6 weeks. The lack of consistent standardized reporting of postoperative CPM protocols provides an impetus to researchers and clinicians to more clearly define and describe their use following knee articular surgery.
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The basic science of continuous passive motion in promoting knee health: a systematic review of studies in a rabbit model. Arthroscopy 2013; 29:1722-31. [PMID: 23890952 PMCID: PMC4955557 DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2013.05.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2013] [Revised: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine whether the basic science evidence supports the use of continuous passive motion (CPM) after articular cartilage injury in the knee. METHODS A systematic review was performed identifying and evaluating studies in animal models that focused on the basic science of CPM of the knee. Databases included in this review were PubMed, Biosis Previews, SPORTDiscus, PEDro, and EMBASE. All functional, gross anatomic, histologic, and histochemical outcomes were extracted and analyzed. RESULTS Primary outcomes of CPM analyzed in rabbit animal models (19 studies) included histologic changes in articular cartilage (13 studies), biomechanical changes and nutrition of intra-articular tissue (3 studies), and anti-inflammatory biochemical changes (3 studies). Nine studies specifically examined osteochondral defects, 6 of which used autogenous periosteal grafts. Other pathologies included were antigen-induced arthritis, septic arthritis, medial collateral ligament reconstruction, hemarthrosis, and chymopapain-induced proteoglycan destruction. In comparison to immobilized knees, CPM therapy led to decreased joint stiffness and complications related to adhesions while promoting improved neochondrogenesis with formation and preservation of normal articular cartilage. CPM was also shown to create a strong anti-inflammatory environment by effectively clearing harmful, inflammatory particles from within the knee. CONCLUSIONS Current basic science evidence from rabbit studies has shown that CPM for the knee significantly improves motion and biological properties of articular cartilage. This may be translated to potentially improved outcomes in the management of articular cartilage pathology of the knee. CLINICAL RELEVANCE If the rabbit model is relevant to humans, CPM may contribute to improved knee health by preventing joint stiffness, preserving normal articular tissue with better histologic and biologic properties, and improving range of motion as compared with joint immobilization and intermittent active motion.
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Zhu Y, Nakamura M, Horiuchi T, Kohno H, Takahashi R, Terada H, Haro H. New wearable walking-type continuous passive motion device for postsurgery walking rehabilitation. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2013; 227:733-45. [PMID: 23636753 DOI: 10.1177/0954411913481557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
While total knee arthroplasty is useful for treating osteoarthritis of the knee, the success of this treatment depends on effective rehabilitation. The goal of this study was to develop an assistive device for post-total knee arthroplasty patients for walking rehabilitation and for shortening the hospitalization period. We developed a brace electronic assist system termed the knee assistive instrument for walking rehabilitation (KAI-R) to illustrate the need for training during postoperative rehabilitation. Sixteen osteoarthritis patients (1 male and 15 females; average age 68.9 years) who underwent total knee arthroplasty were analyzed before operation and 2-4 weeks after operation, and 25 healthy individuals (14 males and 11 females; average age 26.2 years) formed the control group. Based on the pre- and postoperative data on peak knee flexion angle, foot height, and walking velocity, we developed the KAI-R, which consists of an assistive mechanism for the knee joint, a hip joint support system, and a foot pressure sensor system and is driven by a CPU board that generates the walking pattern. We then tested the walking gait in seven healthy volunteers with and without KAI-R assistance. KAI-R increased the peak flexion angle of the knee and foot height in all seven volunteers; their range of motion of the knee joint was increased. However, KAI-R also decreased the walking velocity of subjects, which was explained by reaction delay and slightly compromised physical balance, which was caused by wearing the KAI-R. KAI-R is useful for gait improvement. In future studies, KAI-R will be investigated in a clinical trial for its ability for walking rehabilitation in post-total knee arthroplasty patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhu
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical College, Hohhot, China
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Kim KJ, Kang MS, Choi YS, Han J, Han C. Conceptualization of an exoskeleton Continuous Passive Motion(CPM) device using a link structure. IEEE Int Conf Rehabil Robot 2012; 2011:5975494. [PMID: 22275691 DOI: 10.1109/icorr.2011.5975494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
This study is about developing an exoskeleton Continuous Passive Motion (CPM) with the same Range of Motion (ROM) and instant center of rotation as the human knee. The key feature in constructing a CPM is an accurate alignment with the human knee joint enabling it to deliver the same movements as the actual body on the CPM. In this research, we proposed an exoskeleton knee joint through kinematic interpretation, measured the knee joint torque generated while using a CPM and applied it to the device. Thus, this new exoskeleton type CPM will allow precise alignment with the human knee joint, and follow the same ROM as the human knee in any position.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu-Jung Kim
- Department of Intelligent Robot Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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15
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Oikawa N, Tsubota S, Chikenji T, Chin G, Aoki M. Wrist Positioning and Muscle Activities in the Wrist Extensor and Flexor during Piano Playing. Hong Kong J Occup Ther 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hkjot.2011.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Musicians tend to suffer from playing-related musculoskeletal problems over the forearm muscles. Lateral epicondylitis of the elbow is the most common disease of pianists. The purpose of this study was to measure by electromyography (EMG) the wrist extensor and flexor to clarify the burden of forearm muscles during piano playing with various wrist positions. Methods Fourteen female piano students and 14 novice females participated in this study. Surface EMG was conducted during piano playing in nine conditions that combined three wrist positions with three degrees of loudness. Results The muscle activities increased with the increase of loudness in both groups. Muscle activities for both the wrist extensor and flexor were the smallest in the neutral wrist position. There were no differences of the muscle activities between the piano-student and the control groups. Conclusion The neutral position of the wrist should be recommended for reduction of play ingrelated musculoskeletal burden during piano playing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Oikawa
- Graduate School of Health Science, Department of Occupational Therapy, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
- Department of Rehabilitation, Hitsujigaoka Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Sadako Tsubota
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takako Chikenji
- Graduate School of Health Science, Department of Occupational Therapy, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Gyoku Chin
- Graduate School of Health Science, Department of Occupational Therapy, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
- Department of Rehabilitation, Nishi Maruyama Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Aoki
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Sapporo Daiichi Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
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Kim YH, Kim K, Park WM, Yoon KH. Reduction of knee range of motion during continuous passive motion due to misaligned hip joint centre. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin 2011; 15:801-6. [PMID: 21491257 DOI: 10.1080/10255842.2011.561792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
When using continuous passive motion (CPM) devices, appropriate setting of the device and positioning of the patient are necessary to obtain maximum range of motion (ROM). In this study, the ROMs in both the knee joint and CPM device during CPM treatment were measured using a motion analysis system for three different CPM devices. Additionally, the trajectories of the angles at the knee for hip joint misalignments were evaluated using kinematic models of the three CPM devices. The results showed that discrepancies in ROM between the knee joints and the CPM device settings during CPM treatment were revealed regardless of the CPM device and that the effect of misalignment is dependent on the design of the CPM device. The present technology could be applied for the development of a better design configuration for the CPM device to reduce the discrepancy in ROM at the knee joint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Hyuk Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & e-Spine Center, Kyung Hee University, Yongin, 446-701, Korea.
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