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Schindl A, Hagen ML, Cooley I, Jäger CM, Warden AC, Zelzer M, Allers T, Croft AK. Ion-combination specific effects driving the enzymatic activity of halophilic alcohol dehydrogenase 2 from Haloferax volcanii in aqueous ionic liquid solvent mixtures. RSC SUSTAINABILITY 2024; 2:2559-2580. [PMID: 39211508 PMCID: PMC11353702 DOI: 10.1039/d3su00412k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Biocatalysis in ionic liquids enables novel routes for bioprocessing. Enzymes derived from extremophiles promise greater stability and activity under ionic liquid (IL) influence. Here, we probe the enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase 2 from the halophilic archaeon Haloferax volcanii in thirteen different ion combinations for relative activity and analyse the results against molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of the same IL systems. We probe the ionic liquid property space based on ion polarizability and molecular electrostatic potential. Using the radial distribution functions, survival probabilities and spatial distribution functions of ions, we show that cooperative ion-ion interactions determine ion-protein interactions, and specifically, strong ion-ion interactions equate to higher enzymatic activity if neither of the ions interact strongly with the protein surface. We further demonstrate a tendency for cations interacting with the protein surface to be least detrimental to enzymatic activity if they show a low polarizability when combined with small hydrophilic anions. We also find that the IL ion influence is not mitigated by the surplus of negatively charged residues of the halophilic enzyme. This is shown by free energy landscape analysis in root mean square deviation and distance variation plots of active site gating residues (Trp43 and His273) demonstrating no protection of specific structural elements relevant to preserving enzymatic activity. On the other hand, we observe a general effect across all IL systems that a tight binding of water at acidic residues is preferentially interrupted at these residues through the increased presence of potassium ions. Overall, this study demonstrates a co-ion interaction dependent influence on allosteric surface residues controlling the active/inactive conformation of halophilic alcohol dehydrogenase 2 and the necessity to engineer ionic liquid systems for enzymes that rely on the integrity of functional surface residues regardless of their halophilicity or thermophilicity for use in bioprocessing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Schindl
- Sustainable Process Technologies Group, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park Campus Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre Nottingham NG7 2UH UK
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT UK
- Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds Leeds LS2 9JT UK
| | - M Lawrence Hagen
- Sustainable Process Technologies Group, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Isabel Cooley
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University LE11 3TU UK
| | - Christof M Jäger
- Sustainable Process Technologies Group, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
- Data Science and Modelling, Pharmaceutical Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca Gothenburg Pepparedsleden 1 SE-431 83 Mölndal Sweden
| | - Andrew C Warden
- CSIRO Environment, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), Research and Innovation Park Acton Canberra ACT 2600 Australia
- Advanced Engineering Biology Future Science Platform, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Research and Innovation Park Acton Canberra ACT 2600 Australia
| | - Mischa Zelzer
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, University Park Campus Nottingham NG7 2RD UK
| | - Thorsten Allers
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen's Medical Centre Nottingham NG7 2UH UK
| | - Anna K Croft
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University LE11 3TU UK
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2
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Purohit MK, Rathore DS, Koladiya G, Pandey S, Singh SP. Comparative analysis of the catalysis and stability of the native, recombinant and metagenomic alkaline proteases in organic solvents. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:80968-80982. [PMID: 35725880 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21411-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The effect of organic solvents on alkaline proteases was assessed for native, recombinant, and metagenomically derived alkaline proteases. Their stability and the effects of physicochemical parameters were studied in the presence of hexane. The native enzyme was comparatively more resistant against the organic solvents than the recombinant counterparts. On the other hand, the metagenomically derived alkaline protease was minimally resistant against solvents. A similar trend was apparent for the stability of enzyme in organic solvents. The novelty of this study lies in the fact that the majority of the studies on the solvent tolerance have focused on the mesophilic enzymes, while those from the haloalkaliphilic bacteria have received little attention. The comparative tolerance of the native, recombinant, and metagenomic alkaline proteases against the organic solvent has practical importance. The phylogenetic relatedness among the various protease sequences will be described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megha K Purohit
- Department of Biosciences, UGC-CAS, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, 360 005, India
- Current Address: DNA Investigating Laboratory, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Dalip Singh Rathore
- Department of Biosciences, UGC-CAS, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, 360 005, India
| | - Gopi Koladiya
- Department of Biosciences, UGC-CAS, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, 360 005, India
| | | | - Satya P Singh
- Department of Biosciences, UGC-CAS, Saurashtra University, Rajkot, 360 005, India.
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3
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Grewal J, Khare SK, Drewniak L, Pranaw K. Recent perspectives on microbial and ionic liquid interactions with implications for biorefineries. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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4
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Morris P, García-Arrazola R, Rios-Solis L, Dalby PA. Biophysical characterization of the inactivation of E. coli transketolase by aqueous co-solvents. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23584. [PMID: 34880340 PMCID: PMC8654844 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03001-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Transketolase (TK) has been previously engineered, using semi-rational directed evolution and substrate walking, to accept increasingly aliphatic, cyclic, and then aromatic substrates. This has ultimately led to the poor water solubility of new substrates, as a potential bottleneck to further exploitation of this enzyme in biocatalysis. Here we used a range of biophysical studies to characterise the response of both E. coli apo- and holo-TK activity and structure to a range of polar organic co-solvents: acetonitrile (AcCN), n-butanol (nBuOH), ethyl acetate (EtOAc), isopropanol (iPrOH), and tetrahydrofuran (THF). The mechanism of enzyme deactivation was found to be predominantly via solvent-induced local unfolding. Holo-TK is thermodynamically more stable than apo-TK and yet for four of the five co-solvents it retained less activity than apo-TK after exposure to organic solvents, indicating that solvent tolerance was not simply correlated to global conformational stability. The co-solvent concentrations required for complete enzyme inactivation was inversely proportional to co-solvent log(P), while the unfolding rate was directly proportional, indicating that the solvents interact with and partially unfold the enzyme through hydrophobic contacts. Small amounts of aggregate formed in some cases, but this was not sufficient to explain the enzyme inactivation. TK was found to be tolerant to 15% (v/v) iPrOH, 10% (v/v) AcCN, or 6% (v/v) nBuOH over 3 h. This work indicates that future attempts to engineer the enzyme to better tolerate co-solvents should focus on increasing the stability of the protein to local unfolding, particularly in and around the cofactor-binding loops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phattaraporn Morris
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Bernard Katz Building, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
- Chemical Metrology and Biometry Department, National Institute of Metrology, 3/4-5 Moo 3, Klong 5, Klong Luang, 12120, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Ribia García-Arrazola
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Bernard Katz Building, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Leonardo Rios-Solis
- Institute for Bioengineering, School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3JL, UK
- Centre for Synthetic and Systems Biology (SynthSys), University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, Edinburgh, EH9 3JL, UK
| | - Paul A Dalby
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, University College London, Bernard Katz Building, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
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Hammami A, Bayoudh A, Hadrich B, Abdelhedi O, Jridi M, Nasri M. Response‐surface methodology for the production and the purification of a new H
2
O
2
‐tolerant alkaline protease from
Bacillus invictae
AH1 strain. Biotechnol Prog 2020; 36:e2965. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amal Hammami
- Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering and MicrobiologyEngineering National School of Sfax (ENIS), University of Sfax Sfax Tunisia
| | - Ahmed Bayoudh
- Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering and MicrobiologyEngineering National School of Sfax (ENIS), University of Sfax Sfax Tunisia
| | - Bilel Hadrich
- Unité de Biotechnologie des Algues, Biological Engineering Department, National School of Engineers of SfaxUniversity of Sfax Sfax Tunisia
| | - Ola Abdelhedi
- Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering and MicrobiologyEngineering National School of Sfax (ENIS), University of Sfax Sfax Tunisia
| | - Mourad Jridi
- Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering and MicrobiologyEngineering National School of Sfax (ENIS), University of Sfax Sfax Tunisia
- Higher Institute of Biotechnology of BejaUniversity of Jendouba Beja Tunisia
| | - Moncef Nasri
- Laboratory of Enzyme Engineering and MicrobiologyEngineering National School of Sfax (ENIS), University of Sfax Sfax Tunisia
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Sivapragasam M, Moniruzzaman M, Goto M. An Overview on the Toxicological Properties of Ionic Liquids toward Microorganisms. Biotechnol J 2020; 15:e1900073. [PMID: 31864234 DOI: 10.1002/biot.201900073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Ionic liquids (ILs), a class of materials with unique physicochemical properties, have been used extensively in the fields of chemical engineering, biotechnology, material sciences, pharmaceutics, and many others. Because ILs are very polar by nature, they can migrate into the environment with the possibility of inclusion in the food chain and bioaccumulation in living organisms. However, the chemical natures of ILs are not quintessentially biocompatible. Therefore, the practical uses of ILs must be preceded by suitable toxicological assessments. Among different methods, the use of microorganisms to evaluate IL toxicity provides many advantages including short generation time, rapid growth, and environmental and industrial relevance. This article reviews the recent research progress on the toxicological properties of ILs toward microorganisms and highlights the computational prediction of various toxicity models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magaret Sivapragasam
- Biotechnology Department, QUEST International University Perak, 30250, Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Moniruzzaman
- Chemical Engineering Department, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia.,Center of Researches in Ionic Liquids (CORIL), Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Masahiro Goto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Moto-oka, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.,Center for Future Chemistry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
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Oztas Gulmus E, Gormez A. Characterization and biotechnological application of protease from thermophilic Thermomonas haemolytica. Arch Microbiol 2019; 202:153-159. [PMID: 31541265 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-019-01728-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In this study, it was aimed to determine the ability to produce protease enzyme of Thermomonas haemolytica isolated from geothermal Nenehatun hot spring in Turkey and utilization of this enzyme in the detergent industry to remove protein stains. The protease-producing strains were screened from hot springs, and a potential strain was identified as T. haemolytica according to morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics and sequence of 16S rRNA gene. Maximum protease activity was observed at 55 °C and pH 9.0 at 72 h of incubation. Activity was very stable between 50 and 65 °C and pH 8.0-10.0, respectively. The enzyme activity was significantly inhibited by PMSF and partly inhibited by EDTA, EGTA, SDS, and urea. Some divalent metal ions such as Ca2+, Mg2+, and Mn2+ increased the enzyme activity, while Zn2+ and Cu2+ decreased. Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) and maximum velocity (Vmax) values were calculated by Lineweaver-Burk plot as 125 EU/ml and 1262 mg/ml, respectively. The biochemical characterization of the protease obtained from T. haemolytica was performed and applied on the blood and grass-stained fabrics with detergent to evaluate the stain removal performance of the enzyme. It was observed that the application of detergent with enzyme was more effective than the detergent without enzyme to clean up the stained fabrics. This is the first report of characterization of the protease of T. haemolytica. According to results obtained from this study, this new strain is a promising candidate for industrial applications in production of detergent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebru Oztas Gulmus
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Arzu Gormez
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Erzurum Technical University, Erzurum, Turkey.
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Accumanno GM, Richards VA, Gunther NW, Hickey ME, Lee JL. Purification and characterization of the thermostable protease produced by Serratia grimesii isolated from channel catfish. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2019; 99:2428-2437. [PMID: 30362163 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microbial spoilage of fishery products accounts for significant financial losses, yearly on a global scale. Psychrotrophic spoilage bacteria often secrete extracellular enzymes to break down surrounding fish tissue, rendering the product unsuitable for human consumption. For a better understanding of bacterial spoilage due to enzymatic digestion of fish products, proteases in Serratia grimesii isolated from North American catfish fillets (Ictalurus punctatus) were investigated. RESULTS Mass spectrometric evidence demonstrated that S. grimesii secretes two distinct extracellular proteases and one lipase. Protease secretion displayed broad thermostability in the 30-90 °C range. The major protease-secretion (O-1) was most active under alkaline conditions and utilized manganese as a co-factor. Organic solvents significantly disrupted the efficacy of S. grimesii extracellular enzymes and, in a series of bactericidal detergents, protease activity was highest when treated with Triton X-100. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF) significantly inhibited the enzyme activity, while protease was moderately stable under freeze-thaw and refrigerated storage. CONCLUSION The influence of fish spoilage-related enzymes, depending on various factors, is discussed in this paper. This study will provide new insight into enzymatic spoilage and its control, which can be exploited to enhance food safety and the shelf-life of fishery products worldwide. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina M Accumanno
- Department of Human Ecology, Food Science and Biotechnology Program, Food Microbiology Laboratory, College of Agriculture, Science and Technology, Delaware State University, Dover, DE, USA
| | - Vanessa A Richards
- Department of Human Ecology, Food Science and Biotechnology Program, Food Microbiology Laboratory, College of Agriculture, Science and Technology, Delaware State University, Dover, DE, USA
| | - Nereus W Gunther
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, Molecular Characterization of Foodborne Pathogens Research Unit, Wyndmoor, PA, USA
| | - Michael E Hickey
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Jung-Lim Lee
- Department of Human Ecology, Food Science and Biotechnology Program, Food Microbiology Laboratory, College of Agriculture, Science and Technology, Delaware State University, Dover, DE, USA
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Mokashe N, Chaudhari B, Patil U. Operative utility of salt-stable proteases of halophilic and halotolerant bacteria in the biotechnology sector. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 117:493-522. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.05.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/28/2018] [Indexed: 09/30/2022]
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10
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Jiang C, Zhang L, Li F, Meng C, Zeng R, Deng J, Shen P, Ou Q, Wu B. Characterization of a metagenome-derived protease from contaminated agricultural soil microorganisms and its random mutagenesis. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2017; 62:499-508. [PMID: 28382524 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-017-0522-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Proteases are typical key enzymes that hydrolyze proteins into amino acids and peptides. Numerous proteases have been studied, but the discovery of metagenome-derived proteases is still significant for both commercial applications and basic research. An unexplored protease gene sep1A was identified by function-based screening from a plasmid metagenomic library derived from uncultured contaminated agricultural soil microorganisms. The putative protease gene was subcloned into pET-32a (+) vector and overexpressed in E. coli BL21(DE3) pLysS, then the recombinant protein was purified to homogeneity. The detailed biochemical characterization of the Sep1A protein was performed, including its molecular characterization, specific activity, pH-activity profile, metal ion-activity profile, and enzyme kinetic assays. Furthermore, the protein engineering approach of random mutagenesis via error-prone PCR was applied on the original Sep1A protein. Biochemical characterization demonstrated that the purified recombinant Ep48 protein could hydrolyze casein. Compared with the original Sep1A protein, the best variant of Ep48 in the random mutagenesis library, with the Gln307Leu and Asp391Gly changes, exhibited 2.62-fold activity at the optimal reaction conditions of 50 °C and pH 9.0. These results are the first step toward a better understanding of the properties of Sep1A protein. Protein engineering with error-prone PCR paves the way toward the metagenome-derived genes for biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengjian Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue East Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China.
- Key Laboratory of Marine Bioactive Substance and Modern Analytical Techniques, SOA, 6 Xianxialing Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266061, China.
| | - Liang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue East Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Fajia Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue East Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Can Meng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue East Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Rong Zeng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue East Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Jie Deng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue East Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Peihong Shen
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue East Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Qian Ou
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue East Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
| | - Bo Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, 100 Daxue East Road, Nanning, Guangxi, 530004, China
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11
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Mokashe N, Chaudhari B, Patil U. Detergent-Compatible Robust Alkaline Protease from Newly Isolated Halotolerant Salinicoccus sp. UN-12. J SURFACTANTS DETERG 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11743-017-2024-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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12
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Tokunaga H, Maeda J, Arakawa T, Tokunaga M. Reversible Activation of Halophilic β-lactamase from Methanol-Induced Inactive Form: Contrast to Irreversible Inactivation of Non-Halophilic Counterpart. Protein J 2017; 36:228-237. [DOI: 10.1007/s10930-017-9715-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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13
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Attri P, Bhatia R, Gaur J, Arora B, Gupta A, Kumar N, Choi EH. Triethylammonium acetate ionic liquid assisted one-pot synthesis of dihydropyrimidinones and evaluation of their antioxidant and antibacterial activities. ARAB J CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2014.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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14
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Tonova K, Bogdanov MG. Partitioning of α-amylase in aqueous biphasic system based on hydrophobic and polar ionic liquid: Enzyme extraction, stripping, and purification. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2016.1267211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Konstantza Tonova
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Milen G. Bogdanov
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, Sofia, Bulgaria
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15
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Biochemical characterization of a halophilic, alkalithermophilic protease from Alkalibacillus sp. NM-Da2. Extremophiles 2016; 20:885-894. [PMID: 27757695 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-016-0879-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
An extracellular, halophilic, alkalithermophilic serine protease from the halo-alkaliphilic Alkalibacillus sp. NM-Da2 was purified to homogeneity by ethanol precipitation and anion-exchange chromatography. The purified protease was a monomeric enzyme with an approximate molecular mass of 35 kDa and exhibited maximal activity at 2.7 M NaCl, pH55 °C 9 and 56 °C. The protease showed great temperature stability, retaining greater than 80 % of initial activity after 2 h incubation at 55 °C. The protease was also extremely pH tolerant, retaining 80 % of initial activity at pH55 °C 10.5 after 30 min incubation. Protease hydrolyzed complex substrates, displaying activity on yeast extract, tryptone, casein, gelatin and peptone. Protease activity was inhibited at casein concentrations greater than 1.2 mg/mL. The enzyme was stable and active in 40 % (v/v) solutions of isopropanol, ethanol and benzene and was stable in the presence of the polysorbate surfactant Tween 80. Activity was stimulated with the oxidizing agent hydrogen peroxide. Inhibition with phenyl methylsulfonylfluoride indicates it is a serine protease. Synthetic saline wastewater treated with the protease showed 50 % protein removal after 5 h. Being halophilic, alkaliphilic and thermophilic, in addition to being resistant to organic solvents, this protease has potential for various applications in biotechnological and pharmaceutical industries.
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16
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Yavuz S, Kocabay S, Çetinkaya S, Akkaya B, Akkaya R, Yenidunya AF, Bakıcı MZ. Production, purification, and characterization of metalloprotease from Candida kefyr 41 PSB. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 94:106-113. [PMID: 27717786 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A thermostable metalloprotease, produced from an environmental strain of Candida kefyr 41 PSB, was purified 16 fold with a 60% yield by cold ethanol precipitation and affinity chromatography (bentonite-acrylamide-cysteine microcomposite). The purified enzyme appeared as a single protein band at 43kDa. Its optimum pH and temperature points were found to be 7.0 and 105°C, respectively. Km and Vmax values of the enzyme were determined to be 3.5mg/mL and 4.4μmolmL-1min-1, 1.65mg/mL and 6.1μmolmL-1min-1, using casein and gelatine as the substrates, respectively. The activity was inhibited by using ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), indicating that the enzyme was a metalloprotease. Stability of the enzyme was investigated by using thermodynamic and kinetic parameters. The thermal inactivation profile of the enzyme conformed to the first order kinetics. The half life of the enzyme at 95, 105, 115, 125 and 135°C was 1310, 610, 220, 150, and 86min, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevgi Yavuz
- Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Engineering, Department of Bioengineering, 58140 Sivas, Turkey
| | - Samet Kocabay
- Inönü University Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, 44280 Malatya, Turkey
| | - Serap Çetinkaya
- Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, 58140 Sivas, Turkey
| | - Birnur Akkaya
- Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, 58140 Sivas, Turkey.
| | - Recep Akkaya
- Cumhuriyet University, Vocational School of Health Services, 58140 Sivas, Turkey
| | - Ali Fazil Yenidunya
- Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, 58140 Sivas, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Zahir Bakıcı
- Cumhuriyet University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Microbiology, 58140 Sivas, Turkey
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17
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Catalytic Role of Thermostable Metalloproteases from Bacillus subtilis KT004404 as Dehairing and Destaining Agent. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 181:434-450. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-016-2222-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Hockensmith K, Dillard K, Sanders B, Harville BA. Identification and characterization of a chymotrypsin-like serine protease from periodontal pathogen, Tannerella forsythia. Microb Pathog 2016; 100:37-42. [PMID: 27594668 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2016.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2014] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Tannerella forsythia is a bacteria associated with severe periodontal disease. This study reports identification and characterization of a membrane-associated serine protease from T. forsythia. The protease was isolated from T. forsythia membrane fractions and shown to cleave both gelatin and type I collagen. The protease was able to cleave both substrates over a wide range of pH values, however optimal cleavage occurred at pH 7.5 for gelatin and 8.0 for type I collagen. The protease was also shown to cleave both gelatin and type I collagen at the average reported temperature for the gingival sulcus however it showed a lack of thermal stability with a complete loss of activity by 60 °C. When treated with protease inhibitors the enzyme's activity could only be completely inhibited by serine protease inhibitors antipain and phenylmethanesulfonyl fluoride (PMSF). Further characterization of the protease utilized serine protease synthetic peptides. The protease cleaved N-succinyl-Ala-Ala-Pro-Phe p-nitroanilide but not Nα-benzoyl-dl-arginine p-nitroanilide (BAPNA) or N-methoxysuccinyl-Ala-Ala-Pro-Val p-nitroanilide indicating that the protease is a chymotrypsin-like serine protease. Since type I collagen is a major component in the gingival tissues and periodontal ligament, identification and characterization of this enzyme provides important information regarding the role of T. forsythia in periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Hockensmith
- Drury University, 900 N. Benton, Springfield, MO 65802, United States
| | - K Dillard
- Drury University, 900 N. Benton, Springfield, MO 65802, United States
| | - B Sanders
- Drury University, 900 N. Benton, Springfield, MO 65802, United States
| | - B A Harville
- Drury University, 900 N. Benton, Springfield, MO 65802, United States.
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Calabrese VT, Minns JW, Khan A. Suppression of α-Amylase inactivation in the presence of ethanol: Application of a two-step model. Biotechnol Prog 2016; 32:1271-1275. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2015] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jason W. Minns
- Dept. of Chemistry; Pennsylvania State University; DuBois PA 15801
| | - Arshad Khan
- Dept. of Chemistry; Pennsylvania State University; DuBois PA 15801
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20
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Extremophilic Proteases: Developments of Their Special Functions, Potential Resources and Biotechnological Applications. BIOTECHNOLOGY OF EXTREMOPHILES: 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-13521-2_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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21
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Maruthiah T, Immanuel G, Palavesam A. Purification and Characterization of Halophilic Organic Solvent Tolerant Protease from Marine Bacillus sp. APCMST-RS7 and Its Antioxidant Potentials. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s40011-015-0603-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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22
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Cheng Q, Xu F, Hu N, Liu X, Liu Z. A novel Ca2+-dependent alkaline serine-protease (Bvsp) from Bacillus sp. with high fibrinolytic activity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2015.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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23
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Biophysicochemical Characterization of an Alkaline Protease from Beauveria sp. MTCC 5184 with Multiple Applications. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 175:589-602. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-014-1314-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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24
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Sinha R, Khare SK. Effect of organic solvents on the structure and activity of moderately halophilic Bacillus sp. EMB9 protease. Extremophiles 2014; 18:1057-66. [PMID: 25134948 DOI: 10.1007/s00792-014-0683-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Halophilic enzymes have been manifested for their stability and catalytic abilities under harsh operational conditions. These have been documented to withstand denaturation in presence of high temperature, pH, presence of organic solvents and chaotropic agents. The present study aims at understanding the stability and activity of a halophilic Bacillus sp. EMB9 protease in organic solvents. The protease was uniquely stable in polar solvents. A clear correlation was evident between the protease function and conformational transitions, validated by CD and fluorescence spectral studies. The study affirms that preservation of protein structure, possibly due to charge screening of the protein surface by Ca(2+) and Na(+) ions provides stability against organic solvents and averts denaturation. Salt was also found to exert a protective effect on dialyzed protease against chaotropism of solvents. Presence of 1 % (w/v) NaCl restored the activity in the dialyzed protease and prevented denaturation in methanol, toluene and n-decane. The work will have further implication on discerning protein folding in saline as well as non-aqueous environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeshwari Sinha
- Enzyme and Microbial Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India
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25
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Raval VH, Pillai S, Rawal CM, Singh SP. Biochemical and structural characterization of a detergent-stable serine alkaline protease from seawater haloalkaliphilic bacteria. Process Biochem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2014.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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26
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Recent Advances in the Applications of Ionic Liquids in Protein Stability and Activity: A Review. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2014; 172:3701-20. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-014-0813-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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