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Xu L, Liang J, Xu H, Chen Q, Liu J, Luo W, Zhao Z, Wei Z, Chen L. Characterization of a salt-tolerated exo-fructanase from Microbacterium sp. XL1 and its application for high fructose syrup preparation from inulin. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 282:137288. [PMID: 39510478 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.137288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2024] [Revised: 10/16/2024] [Accepted: 11/04/2024] [Indexed: 11/15/2024]
Abstract
Exo-fructanase enzymes catalyze the hydrolysis of β-2,6 and β-2,1 linkages in levan and inulin fructans, respectively, yielding fructose. In this study, we identified a multidomain exo-fructanase, Mle3A, from Microbacterium sp. XL1. Mle3A is a 124.2 kDa protein comprising a GH32 N-terminal five-bladed β-propeller structure, a GH32 C-terminal β-sandwich module, and a fibronectin type 3 domain. The recombinant enzyme rMle3A exhibited peak activity at temperatures of 50-55 °C and a pH of 5.5, demonstrating hydrolytic capabilities towards levan, inulin, sucrose, and raffinose. The activity of rMle3A on inulin was enhanced in the presence of Mn2+, Ca2+, Ba2+, Sr2+, Co2+, and Mg2+ ions. Notably, 5 mM Mn2+ increased the inulin hydrolytic activity of rMle3A by over 187 %, and the enzyme's activity was unaffected by NaCl concentrations ranging from 0 to 3 M. Purified rMle3A was effectively utilized to produce high fructose syrup from inulin, achieving a maximum fructose concentration of 26.98 g/L and 71.9 % inulin hydrolysis under optimal conditions (85 rpm, 50 °C, pH 5.5) within 2.5 h. This study introduces a new salt-tolerant, multi-ion facilitated fructanase, rMle3A, for the conversion of inulin biomass into high fructose syrup and other high-value chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linxiang Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, 59 Cangwu Road, Haizhou, Lianyungang 222005, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, 59 Cangwu Road, Lianyungang 222005, China; Jiangsu Institute of Marine Resources Development, 59 Cangwu Road, Haizhou, Lianyungang 222005, China.
| | - Jing Liang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, 59 Cangwu Road, Haizhou, Lianyungang 222005, China; School of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, 59 Cangwu Road, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Haiyang Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, 59 Cangwu Road, Haizhou, Lianyungang 222005, China; School of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, 59 Cangwu Road, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Qianqian Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, 59 Cangwu Road, Haizhou, Lianyungang 222005, China; School of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, 59 Cangwu Road, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Jiaqi Liu
- School of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, 59 Cangwu Road, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Wei Luo
- School of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, 59 Cangwu Road, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Ziyan Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, 59 Cangwu Road, Haizhou, Lianyungang 222005, China; School of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, 59 Cangwu Road, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Zhen Wei
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, 59 Cangwu Road, Haizhou, Lianyungang 222005, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, 59 Cangwu Road, Lianyungang 222005, China; Jiangsu Institute of Marine Resources Development, 59 Cangwu Road, Haizhou, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Li Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment, Jiangsu Ocean University, 59 Cangwu Road, Haizhou, Lianyungang 222005, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, 59 Cangwu Road, Lianyungang 222005, China; Jiangsu Institute of Marine Resources Development, 59 Cangwu Road, Haizhou, Lianyungang 222005, China
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2
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Lian D, Zhuang S, Shui C, Zheng S, Ma Y, Sun Z, Porras-Domínguez JR, Öner ET, Liang M, Van den Ende W. Characterization of inulolytic enzymes from the Jerusalem artichoke-derived Glutamicibacter mishrai NJAU-1. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:5525-5538. [PMID: 35896838 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12088-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The rhizosphere context of inulin-accumulating plants, such as Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus), is an ideal starting basis for the discovery of inulolytic enzymes with potential for bio fructose production. We isolated a Glutamicibacter mishrai NJAU-1 strain from this context, showing exo-inulinase activity, releasing fructose from fructans. The growth conditions (pH 9.0; 15 °C) were adjusted, and the production of inulinase by Glutamicibacter mishrai NJAU-1 increased by 90% (0.32 U/mL). Intriguingly, both levan and inulin, but not fructose and sucrose, induced the production of exo-inulinase activity. Two exo-inulinase genes (inu1 and inu2) were cloned and heterologously expressed in Pichia pastoris. While INU2 preferentially hydrolyzed longer inulins, the smallest fructan 1-kestose appeared as the preferred substrate for INU1, also efficiently degrading nystose and sucrose. Active site docking studies with GFn- and Fn-type small inulins (G is glucose, F is fructose, and n is the number of β (2-1) bound fructose moieties) revealed subtle substrate differences between INU1 and INU2. A possible explanation about substrate specificity and INU's protein structure is then suggested. KEY POINTS: • A Glutamicibacter mishrai strain harbored exo-inulinase activity. • Fructans induced the inulolytic activity in G. mishrai while the inulolytic activity was optimized at pH 9.0 and 15 °C. • Two exo-inulinases with differential substrate specificity were characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Lian
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Marine Biology, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shuo Zhuang
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Marine Biology, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chen Shui
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Marine Biology, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shicheng Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Marine Biology, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanhong Ma
- Institute of Agro-Product Processing, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, 210014, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zongjiu Sun
- College of Grassland and Environmental Sciences, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Ürümqi, 830052, Xinjiang, China
| | - Jaime R Porras-Domínguez
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Biology and KU Leuven Plant Institute, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 3001, Louvain, Belgium
| | - Ebru Toksoy Öner
- Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Marmara University, Istanbul, 34722, Turkey
| | - Mingxiang Liang
- Jiangsu Key Lab of Marine Biology, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Wim Van den Ende
- Laboratory of Molecular Plant Biology and KU Leuven Plant Institute, KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 31, 3001, Louvain, Belgium
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Chen X, Chen X, Zhu L, Liu W, Jiang L. Efficient production of inulo-oligosaccharides from inulin by exo- and endo-inulinase co-immobilized onto a self-assembling protein scaffold. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 210:588-599. [PMID: 35513090 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.04.213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Inulin can be hydrolyzed by inulinases to yield inulo-oligosaccharides (IOSs), which have great application potential in the food and nutraceutical industries. However, conventional enzymatic production of IOSs is limited by long hydrolysis times and poor thermo-stability of inulinases. Here, the self-assembling protein scaffold EutM was engineered to co-immobilize exo-inulinase (EXINU) and endo-inulinase (ENINU) for synergistic hydrolysis of inulin to produce IOSs with 3 to 5 monosaccharide units (DP3-5 IOSs). The immobilization of EXINU/ENINU onto the EutM scaffold resulted in an increase of catalytic efficiency, a 65% increase of the Vmax of ENINU, as well as an increase of thermo-stability, with 4.26-fold higher residual activity of EXINU after 22 h-incubation at 50 °C. After optimization, two efficient production protocols were obtained, in which the yield and productivity of DP3-5 IOSs reached 80.38% and 70.86 g·(L·h)-1, respectively, which were at a high level in similar studies. Overall, this study provides an attractive self-assembling protein platform for the co-immobilization of inulinases, as well as optimized bioprocesses with great promise for the industrial production of DP3-5 IOSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Chen
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211816, China
| | - Xianhan Chen
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211816, China
| | - Liying Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009, China
| | - Wei Liu
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211816, China..
| | - Ling Jiang
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211816, China..
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4
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Purification, thermodynamics and kinetic characterization of fungal endoinulinase for the production of fructooligosaccharides from inulin. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 164:3535-3545. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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5
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Improving poly-(γ-glutamic acid) production from a glutamic acid-independent strain from inulin substrate by consolidated bioprocessing. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2019; 42:1711-1720. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-019-02167-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Qiu Y, Zhu Y, Zhan Y, Zhang Y, Sha Y, Zhan Y, Xu Z, Li S, Feng X, Xu H. Systematic unravelling of the inulin hydrolase from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens for efficient conversion of inulin to poly-(γ-glutamic acid). BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2019; 12:145. [PMID: 31210783 PMCID: PMC6563369 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-019-1485-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacillus amyloliquefaciens NB is a newly discovered strain, which produces poly-(γ-glutamic acid) (γ-PGA) from raw extracted inulin of Jerusalem artichoke tubers; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. To address this problem, we identified the inulin hydrolase in wild-type strain B. amyloliquefaciens NB. RESULTS The novel inulin hydrolase (CscA) was discovered from strain NB, with high inulinase activity (987.0 U/mg at 55 °C) and strong resistance at pH values between 8.0 and 11.0, suggesting the potential application of CscA in Jerusalem artichoke biorefinery. CscA exhibited a k cat/K m of (6.93 ± 0.27) × 103 for inulin; its enzymatic activity was stimulated by metal ions, like K+, Mn2+, or Ca2+. Similar to their role in glycoside hydrolase 32 family enzymes, the conserved Asp37, Asp161, and Glu215 residues of CscA contribute to its catalytic activity. Targeted disruption of CscA gene suppressed inulin utilization by strain NB. Overexpression of CscA significantly enhanced the γ-PGA generation by 19.2% through enhancement in inulin consumption. CONCLUSIONS The inulin hydrolase CscA is critical for inulin metabolism in B. amyloliquefaciens and indicates potential application in Jerusalem artichoke biorefinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibin Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing, 211816 China
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816 China
| | - Yifan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing, 211816 China
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816 China
| | - Yijing Zhan
- Nanjing Shineking Biotech Co., Ltd, Nanjing, 210061 China
| | - Yatao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing, 211816 China
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816 China
| | - Yuanyuan Sha
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing, 211816 China
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816 China
| | - Yijing Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing, 211816 China
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816 China
| | - Zongqi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing, 211816 China
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816 China
| | - Sha Li
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing, 211816 China
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816 China
| | - Xiaohai Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing, 211816 China
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816 China
| | - Hong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing, 211816 China
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816 China
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7
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Qiu Y, Lei P, Zhang Y, Sha Y, Zhan Y, Xu Z, Li S, Xu H, Ouyang P. Recent advances in bio-based multi-products of agricultural Jerusalem artichoke resources. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2018; 11:151. [PMID: 29881456 PMCID: PMC5984348 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-018-1152-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The Jerusalem artichoke is a perennial plant that belongs to the sunflower family. As a non-grain crop, Jerusalem artichoke possesses a number of desirable characteristics that make it a valuable feedstock for biorefinery, such as inulin content, rapid growth, strong adaptability, and high yields. This review provides a comprehensive introduction to renewable Jerusalem artichoke-based biomass resources and recent advances in bio-based product conversion. Furthermore, we discuss the latest in the development of inulinase-producing microorganisms and enhanced inulin hydrolysis capacity of microbes by genetic engineering, which lead to a more cost-effective Jerusalem artichoke biorefinery. The review is aimed at promoting Jerusalem artichoke industry and new prospects for higher value-added production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibin Qiu
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816 China
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816 China
| | - Peng Lei
- Nanjing Institute for Comprehensive Utilization of Wild Plants, Nanjing, 210042 China
| | - Yatao Zhang
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816 China
| | - Yuanyuan Sha
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816 China
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816 China
| | - Yijing Zhan
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816 China
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816 China
| | - Zongqi Xu
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816 China
| | - Sha Li
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816 China
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816 China
| | - Hong Xu
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816 China
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816 China
| | - Pingkai Ouyang
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816 China
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211816 China
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8
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Fornefett I, Buttersack C. Exo-enzyme like degradation of a polysaccharide by an inorganic solid acid catalyst. Carbohydr Polym 2018; 187:126-132. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.01.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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9
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Chesini M, Wagner E, Baruque DJ, Vita CE, Cavalitto SF, Ghiringhelli PD, Rojas NL. High level production of a recombinant acid stable exoinulinase from Aspergillus kawachii. Protein Expr Purif 2018; 147:29-37. [PMID: 29454668 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Exoinulinases-enzymes extensively studied in recent decades because of their industrial applications-need to be produced in suitable quantities in order to meet production demands. We describe here the production of an acid-stable recombinant inulinase from Aspergillus kawachii in the Pichia pastoris system and the recombinant enzyme's biochemical characteristics and potential application to industrial processes. After an appropriate cloning strategy, this genetically engineered inulinase was successfully overproduced in fed-batch fermentations, reaching up to 840 U/ml after a 72-h cultivation. The protein, purified to homogeneity by chromatographic techniques, was obtained at a 42% yield. The following biochemical characteristics were determined: the enzyme had an optimal pH of 3, was stable for at least 3 h at 55 °C, and was inhibited in catalytic activity almost completely by Hg+2. The respective Km and Vmax for the recombinant inulinase with inulin as substrate were 1.35 mM and 2673 μmol/min/mg. The recombinant enzyme is an exoinulinase but also possesses synthetic activity (i. e., fructosyl transferase). The high level of production of this recombinant plus its relevant biochemical properties would argue that the process presented here is a possible recourse for industrial applications in carbohydrate processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Chesini
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales, Calle 50 Nº 227, CONICET, La Plata 1900, Argentina.
| | - Evelyn Wagner
- Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, CONICET, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, IMBA, Roque Sáenz Peña 352, Quilmes 1876, Argentina
| | - Diego J Baruque
- Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, CONICET, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, IMBA, Roque Sáenz Peña 352, Quilmes 1876, Argentina
| | - Carolina E Vita
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales, Calle 50 Nº 227, CONICET, La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - Sebastián F Cavalitto
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Fermentaciones Industriales, Calle 50 Nº 227, CONICET, La Plata 1900, Argentina
| | - Pablo D Ghiringhelli
- Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, CONICET, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, IMBA, Roque Sáenz Peña 352, Quilmes 1876, Argentina
| | - Natalia L Rojas
- Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, CONICET, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología, IMBA, Roque Sáenz Peña 352, Quilmes 1876, Argentina
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11
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Qiu Y, Sha Y, Zhang Y, Xu Z, Li S, Lei P, Xu Z, Feng X, Xu H. Development of Jerusalem artichoke resource for efficient one-step fermentation of poly-(γ-glutamic acid) using a novel strain Bacillus amyloliquefaciens NX-2S. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2017; 239:197-203. [PMID: 28521229 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to develop non-food fermentation for the cost-effective production of poly-(γ-glutamic acid) (γ-PGA) using a novel strain of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens NX-2S. The new isolate assimilated inulin more efficiently than other carbohydrates from Jerusalem artichoke, without hydrolytic treatment. To investigate the effect of inulin on γ-PGA production, the transcript levels of γ-PGA synthetase genes (pgsB, pgsC, pgsA), regulatory genes (comA, degQ, degS), and the glutamic acid biosynthesis gene (glnA) were analyzed; inulin addition upregulated these key genes. Without exogenous glutamate, strain NX-2S could produce 6.85±0.22g/L of γ-PGA during fermentation. Exogenous glutamate greatly enhances the γ-PGA yield (39.4±0.38g/L) and productivity (0.43±0.05g/L/h) in batch fermentation. Our study revealed a potential method of non-food fermentation to produce high-value products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibin Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing 211816, China; College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Yuanyuan Sha
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing 211816, China; College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Yatao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing 211816, China; College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Zongqi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing 211816, China; College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Sha Li
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing 211816, China; College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Peng Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing 211816, China; College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Zheng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing 211816, China; College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Xiaohai Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing 211816, China; College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Hong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing 211816, China; College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
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The importance of the non-active site and non-periodical structure located histidine residue respect to the structure and function of exo-inulinase. Int J Biol Macromol 2017; 98:542-549. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.01.130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2016] [Revised: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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A panorama of bacterial inulinases: Production, purification, characterization and industrial applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2016; 96:312-322. [PMID: 27932256 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2016] [Revised: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Inulinases are important hydrolysing enzymes which specifically act on β-2, 1 linkages of inulin to produce fructose or fructooligosaccharides. Fungi, yeasts and bacteria are the potent microbial sources of inulinases. The data on bacterial inulinases is scarce as compared to other microbial sources. Inulinases yield from bacteria is very less as compared to fungal and yeast sources of inulinases. Submerged fermentation (SmF) is the method of choice for the production of inulinases from bacterial sources. Moreover, inulin is a potent substrate for the production of inulinases in SmF. Many bacterial inulinases have been reported to display magnificent environment abiding features and variability in their biophysical and biochemical properties. These properties have attracted intention of many researchers towards exploring adverse ecological niches for more distinctive inulinase producing bacterial strains. Inulinases are substantially important in current biotechnological era due to their numerous industrial applications. High fructose syrup and fructooligosaccharides are two major industrial applications of inulinases. Additionally, there are many reports on the production of various metabolites like citric acid, lactic acid, ethanol, biofuels, butanediol etc. using mixed cultures of inulinase producing organisms with other microorganisms. The present review mainly envisages inulinase producing bacterial sources, inulinase production, purification, characterization and their applications.
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Mendoza-Llerenas EO, Pérez DJ, Gómez-Sandoval Z, Escalante-Minakata P, Ibarra-Junquera V, Razo-Hernández RS, Capozzi V, Russo P, Spano G, Fiocco D, Osuna-Castro JA, Moreno A. Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1 β-Fructosidase: Evidence for an Open Funnel-Like Channel Through the Catalytic Domain with Importance for the Substrate Selectivity. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 180:1056-1075. [PMID: 27295039 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-016-2152-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
β-Fructosidase, a glycoside hydrolase of a biotechnologically important strain, was studied for its biochemical, physicochemical, and three-dimensional structure characteristics. This enzyme was heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli as a C-terminal His-tagged protein (SacB). β-Fructosidase catalyzes the cleavage of glycoside bonds toward certain carbohydrates with β-fructofuranosyl linkages; however, SacB exhibited selectivity toward sucrose and an optimum activity at pH 6.0-6.5 and 37 °C. In such optimum enzymatic activity conditions, the SacB was commonly observed as a monodisperse protein by dynamic light scattering (DLS). As β-fructosidase belongs to glycoside hydrolase family 32 (GH32), a β-sandwich and a five-bladed β-propeller domain are typical predicted folds in its structure. Docking and molecular dynamic simulations revealed for the first time a funnel-like channel perfectly exposed in the β-propeller domain of the Lactobacillus plantarum β-fructosidase (this allows the interaction between its entire catalytic triad and substrates that are larger than sucrose). In contrast, SacB showed a closed central tunnel collaterally induced by its His-tag.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Omar Mendoza-Llerenas
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Colima, Carr. Colima-Coquimatlán, km 9, Coquimatlán, Colima, México, C.P. 28400
| | - David Javier Pérez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Colima, Carr. Colima-Coquimatlán, km 9, Coquimatlán, Colima, México, C.P. 28400
| | - Zeferino Gómez-Sandoval
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Colima, Carr. Colima-Coquimatlán, km 9, Coquimatlán, Colima, México, C.P. 28400
| | - Pilar Escalante-Minakata
- Laboratorio de Bioingeniería, Universidad de Colima, Carr. Colima-Coquimatlán, km 9, Coquimatlán, Colima, México, C.P. 28400
| | - Vrani Ibarra-Junquera
- Laboratorio de Bioingeniería, Universidad de Colima, Carr. Colima-Coquimatlán, km 9, Coquimatlán, Colima, México, C.P. 28400
| | - Rodrigo Said Razo-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Dinámica de Proteínas y Ácidos Nucleicos, Centro de Investigación en Dinámica Celular, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Básicas y Aplicadas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México, C.P. 62209
| | - Vittorio Capozzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti, Facoltà di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Foggia, via Napoli 25, Foggia, Italy, C.P. 71122
| | - Pasquale Russo
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti, Facoltà di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Foggia, via Napoli 25, Foggia, Italy, C.P. 71122
| | - Giuseppe Spano
- Dipartimento di Scienze degli Alimenti, Facoltà di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Foggia, via Napoli 25, Foggia, Italy, C.P. 71122
| | - Daniela Fiocco
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Sperimentale, Università degli Studi di Foggia, viale Luigi Pinto 1, Foggia, Italy, C.P. 71100
| | - Juan Alberto Osuna-Castro
- Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Colima, Autopista Colima-Manzanillo, km 40, Tecomán, Colima, México, C.P. 28100.
| | - Abel Moreno
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito exterior Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de Mexico, 04510, México.
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Holyavka M, Artyukhov V, Kovaleva T. Structural and functional properties of inulinases: A review. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10242422.2016.1196486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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16
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Yedahalli SS, Rehmann L, Bassi A. Expression of exo-inulinase gene from Aspergillus niger 12 in E. coli strain Rosetta-gami B (DE3) and its characterization. Biotechnol Prog 2016; 32:629-37. [PMID: 26833959 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.2238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Inulin is a linear carbohydrate polymer of fructose subunits (2-60) with terminal glucose units, produced as carbon storage in selected plants. It cannot directly be taken up by most microorganisms due to its large size, unless prior hydrolysis through inulinase enzymes occurs. The hydrolyzed inulin can be taken up by microbes and/or recovered and used industrially for the production of high fructose syrup, inulo-oligosaccharides, biofuel, and nutraceuticals. Cell-free enzymatic hydrolysis would be desirable for industrial applications, hence the recombinant expression, purification and characterization of an Aspergillus niger derived exo-inulinase was investigated in this study. The eukaroyototic exo-inulinase of Aspergillus niger 12 has been expressed, for the first time, in an E. coli strain [Rosetta-gami B (DE3)]. The molecular weight of recombinant exo-inulinase was estimated to be ∼81 kDa. The values of Km and Vmax of the recombinant exo-inulinase toward inulin were 5.3 ± 1.1 mM and 402.1 ± 53.1 µmol min(-1) mg(-1) protein, respectively. Towards sucrose the corresponding values were 12.20 ± 1.6 mM and 902.8 ± 40.2 µmol min(-1) mg(-1) protein towards sucrose. The S/I ratio was 2.24 ± 0.7, which is in the range of native inulinase. The optimum temperature and pH of the recombinant exo-inulinase towards inulin was 55°C and 5.0, while they were 50°C and 5.5 towards sucrose. The recombinant exo-inulinase activity towards inulin was enhanced by Cu(2+) and reduced by Fe(2+) , while its activity towards sucrose was enhanced by Co(2+) and reduced by Zn(2+) . © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 32:629-637, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreyas S Yedahalli
- Dept. of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Lars Rehmann
- Dept. of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5B9, Canada
| | - Amarjeet Bassi
- Dept. of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, N6A 5B9, Canada
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Shen J, Zhang R, Li J, Tang X, Li R, Wang M, Huang Z, Zhou J. Characterization of an exo-inulinase from Arthrobacter: a novel NaCl-tolerant exo-inulinase with high molecular mass. Bioengineered 2016; 6:99-105. [PMID: 25695343 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2015.1019686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A glycoside hydrolase family 32 exo-inulinase gene was cloned from Arthrobacter sp. HJ7 isolated from saline soil located in Heijing town. The gene encodes an 892-residue polypeptide with a calculated mass of 95.1 kDa and a high total frequency of amino acid residues G, A, and V (30.0%). Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) cells were used as hosts to express the exo-inulinase gene. The recombinant exo-inulinase (rInuAHJ7) showed an apparently maximal activity at pH 5.0-5.5 and 40-45°C. The addition of 1.0 and 10.0 mM Zn(2+) and Pb(2+) had little or no effect on the enzyme activity. rInuAHJ7 exhibited good salt tolerance, retaining more than 98% inulinase activity at a concentration of 3.0%-20.0% (w/v) NaCl. Fructose was the main product of inulin, levan, and Jerusalem artichoke tubers hydrolyzed by the enzyme. The present study is the first to report the identification and characterization of an Arthrobacter sp exo-inulinase showing a high molecular mass of 95.1 kDa and NaCl tolerance. These results suggest that the exo-inulinase might be an alternative material for potential applications in processing seafood and other foods with high saline contents, such as marine algae, pickles, and sauces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jidong Shen
- a Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy; Ministry of Education ; Yunnan Normal University ; Kunming , PR China
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Ma JY, Cao HL, Tan HD, Hu XJ, Liu WJ, Du YG, Yin H. Cloning, Expression, Characterization, and Mutagenesis of a Thermostable Exoinulinase From Kluyveromyces cicerisporus. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2015; 178:144-58. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-015-1864-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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