1
|
Xiang Y, Lao Z, Lin Z, Yang X. SpyFixer enables efficient site-specific immobilization for protein-protein interaction analysis and antibody purification. Int J Biol Macromol 2025; 287:138548. [PMID: 39653208 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.138548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2024] [Revised: 12/05/2024] [Accepted: 12/06/2024] [Indexed: 12/19/2024]
Abstract
Traditional methods of protein immobilization often result in activity loss due to random coupling. This study introduces SpyFixer, a variant of SpyCatcher that achieves over 99% efficient site-specific protein immobilization. We applied SpyFixer on two platforms: bio-layer interferometry (BLI) for protein-protein interaction analysis and epoxy agarose resin for antibody purification. Using human growth hormone (hGH) and the Z domain of Protein A as model proteins, we demonstrated that SpyFixer enables efficient, site-specific immobilization on BLI sensors, yielding reproducible kinetic data with lower variability than conventional methods. Additionally, we developed a cost-effective strategy for antibody purification utilizing SpyFixer-modified resin, which exhibited remarkable capture efficiencies exceeding 90%, elution efficiencies over 70%, and purities over 90% for human immunoglobulin G (hIgG) from complex samples, including bacterial lysates, human serum, and recombinant fermentation broth. The resin's loading capacity surpassed 200 mg/mL, and no significant activity loss was observed after 20 regeneration cycles. This study further advances the potential of Spy chemistry in biotechnological applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ya Xiang
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Zisha Lao
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China
| | - Zhanglin Lin
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China; School of Biomedicine, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Julkipli J, Syamsu K, Wibisana A. Optimization of cephalosporin C acylase immobilization using crosslinked enzyme aggregates technique. BIONATURA 2022. [DOI: 10.21931/rb/2022.07.01.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cephalosporin C acylase (CCA) is an essential enzyme for the one-step conversion of cephalosporin C into 7-aminocephalosporanic acid (7-ACA), an intermediate compound used to synthesize various semi-synthetic cephalosporin antibiotics. The industrial process prefers to use enzymes in immobilized form rather than soluble. A crosslinked enzyme aggregate (CLEAs) is a potential matrix-less enzyme immobilization technique to produce stable immobilized enzymes with high activity and low production costs. This study aimed to optimize the CCA immobilization using the CLEAs technique with Chitosan as a co-aggregate. The CCA lysate was obtained from harvesting CCA fermentation broth using a mutant strain of Escherichia coli through cell separation and lysis steps. Partially purified CCA by ammonium sulfate addition was conducted to obtain an active fraction of 20-60% saturation, followed by co-aggregation with Chitosan to form physical CCA aggregates. The aggregates were then immobilized by a crosslinking technique using glutaraldehyde to form CLEAs-CCA. Optimization of the immobilization process was carried out by Response Surface Methodology in three steps, (i) screening of the influencing factors, (ii) determining the level of the significant factors, and (iii) optimizing the immobilization condition. The CLEAs-CCA activity was used as a response parameter. Under optimum conditions, CLEAs-CCA activity obtained was 85.91 Ug-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julkipli Julkipli
- Biotechnology Study Program, Graduate School, IPB University, IPB Dramaga Campus, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Khaswar Syamsu
- Biotechnology Study Program, Graduate School, IPB University, IPB Dramaga Campus, Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Ahmad Wibisana
- The National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Tangerang Selatan, Banten, Indonesia, 15314 3 Chemical Engineering Study Program, Pamulang University, Witana Campus, Tangerang Selatan, Banten, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tian J, Jia R, Wenge D, Sun H, Wang Y, Chang Y, Luo H. One-step purification and immobilization of recombinant proteins using SpyTag/SpyCatcher chemistry. Biotechnol Lett 2021; 43:1075-1087. [PMID: 33591462 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-021-03098-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Based on the specific and spontaneous formation of isopeptide bonds by SpyCatcher/SpyTag, we have developed a one-step method for purification and immobilization of recombinant proteins. The procedure is to immobilize SpyCatcher on glyoxyl agarose gels, and then the SpyCatcher immobilisate can be used to immobilize the SpyTag-fused protein in the crude extract selectively. A mutant of SpyCatcher (mSC), in which a peptide (LysGlyLysGlyLysGly) was added to the C-terminus of SpyCatcher and three lysine residues around the SpyTag/SpyCatcher binding domain were replaced with arginine, was designed to improve the attachment of SpyCatcher to the support. Compared with wild-type SpyCatcher, mSC can be immobilized on the glyoxyl-agarose support more efficiently, which enables the obtained mSC derivative a high binding capacity of the SpyTag-fused protein. The results showed that the target proteins in the crude enzyme extract were purified and immobilized in one step, and the thermal stability of the immobilized target proteins was also remarkably improved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Tian
- Department of Biological Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
- Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Ruiqi Jia
- Department of Biological Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Dong Wenge
- Department of Biological Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hongxu Sun
- Department of Biological Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Biological Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
- Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yanhong Chang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-Oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Hui Luo
- Department of Biological Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu J, Tong S, Sun H, Chang Y, Luo H, Yu H, Shen Z. Effect of shaking speed on immobilization of cephalosporin C acylase: Correlation between protein distribution and properties of the immobilized enzymes. Biotechnol Prog 2020; 37:e3063. [PMID: 32776709 DOI: 10.1002/btpr.3063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
During enzyme immobilization, enzyme activity and protein distribution are affected by various factors such as enzyme load, temperature, and pH. In general, two types of protein distribution patterns (heterogeneous or homogeneous) are observed inside a porous carrier, owing to differences in preparation parameters. During the immobilization of a fusion protein (CCApH) of cephalosporin C acylase (CCA) and pHluorin (a pH-sensitive mutant of green fluorescent protein), different shaking speeds induced obvious differences in protein distribution on an epoxy carrier, LX-1000EPC. Enzyme immobilization with a homogeneous distribution pattern was observed at a low shaking speed (120 rpm) with an operational stability of 10 batches at 37°C. The operational stability of an immobilisate with heterogeneous protein distribution prepared at a high shaking speed (200 rpm) was six batches. Given the pH-sensitive characteristics of pHluorin in the fusion protein, the intraparticle pH of CCApH immobilisates during catalysis was monitored using confocal laser scanning microscopy. The microenvironmental pH of the immobilisate with heterogeneous protein distribution sharply decreased by about 2 units; this decrease in the pH may be detrimental to the life-span of immobilized CCA. Thus, this work demonstrates the good operational stability of pH-sensitive proton-forming immobilized enzymes with homogeneous protein distribution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingran Liu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China.,Department of Biological Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Shuangming Tong
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China.,Department of Biological Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Hongxu Sun
- Department of Biological Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Yanhong Chang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Luo
- Department of Biological Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Huimin Yu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhongyao Shen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wang Y, Chang Y, Jia R, Sun H, Tian J, Luo H, Yu H, Shen Z. SpyTag/SpyCatcher cyclization and covalent immobilization in enhancing cephalosporin C acylase stability. Process Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2020.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
6
|
Benítez-Mateos AI, Mehravar E, Velasco-Lozano S, Salassa L, López-Gallego F. Selective Immobilization of Fluorescent Proteins for the Fabrication of Photoactive Materials. Molecules 2019; 24:E2775. [PMID: 31366154 PMCID: PMC6696454 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24152775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The immobilization of fluorescent proteins is a key technology enabling to fabricate a new generation of photoactive materials with potential technological applications. Herein we have exploited superfolder green (sGFP) and red (RFP) fluorescent proteins expressed with different polypeptide tags. We fused these fluorescent proteins to His-tags to immobilize them on graphene 3D hydrogels, and Cys-tags to immobilize them on porous microparticles activated with either epoxy or disulfide groups and with Lys-tags to immobilize them on upconverting nanoparticles functionalized with carboxylic groups. Genetically programming sGFP and RFP with Cys-tag and His-tag, respectively, allowed tuning the protein spatial organization either across the porous structure of two microbeads with different functional groups (agarose-based materials activated with metal chelates and epoxy-methacrylate materials) or across the surface of a single microbead functionalized with both metal-chelates and disulfide groups. By using different polypeptide tags, we can control the attachment chemistry but also the localization of the fluorescent proteins across the material surfaces. The resulting photoactive material formed by His-RFP immobilized on graphene hydrogels has been tested as pH indicator to measure pH changes in the alkaline region, although the immobilized fluorescent protein exhibited a narrower dynamic range to measure pH than the soluble fluorescent protein. Likewise, the immobilization of Lys-sGFP on alginate-coated upconverting nanoparticles enabled the infrared excitation of the fluorescent protein to be used as a green light emitter. These novel photoactive biomaterials open new avenues for innovative technological developments towards the fabrication of biosensors and photonic devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana I Benítez-Mateos
- Heterogeneous biocatalysis group, CICbiomaGUNE, Edificio Empresarial "C", Paseo de Miramón, 182, 20014 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Ehsan Mehravar
- POLYMAT and Departamento de Química Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, University of the Basque Country, UPV/EHU, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Susana Velasco-Lozano
- Heterogeneous biocatalysis laboratory, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Luca Salassa
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Maria Diaz de Haro 3, 48013 Bilbao, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Fernando López-Gallego
- Heterogeneous biocatalysis laboratory, Instituto de Síntesis Química y Catálisis Homogénea (ISQCH), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Pedro Cerbuna 12, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
- ARAID, Aragon foundation for Science, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Integrating enzyme immobilization and protein engineering: An alternative path for the development of novel and improved industrial biocatalysts. Biotechnol Adv 2018; 36:1470-1480. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
8
|
Díaz-Ayala R, Torres-González L, Pietri R, Cabrera CR, López-Garriga J. Engineered (Lys) 6-Tagged Recombinant Sulfide-Reactive Hemoglobin I for Covalent Immobilization at Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes. ACS OMEGA 2017; 2:9021-9032. [PMID: 29302632 PMCID: PMC5748273 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.7b01500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The recombinant HbI was fused with a poly-Lys tag ((Lys)6-tagged rHbI) for specific-site covalent immobilization on two carbon nanotube transducer surfaces, i.e., powder and vertically aligned carbon nanotubes. The immobilization was achieved by following two steps: (1) generation of amine-reactive ester from the carboxylic acid groups of the surfaces and (2) coupling these groups with the amine groups of the Lys-tag. We analyzed the immobilization process using different conditions and techniques to differentiate protein covalent attachment from physical adsorption. Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy data showed a 14 cm-1 displacement of the protein's amide I and amide II peaks to lower the frequency after immobilization. This result indicates a covalent attachment of the protein to the surface. Differences in the morphology of the carbon substrate with and without (Lys)6-tagged rHbI confirmed protein immobilization, as observed by transmission electron microscopy. The electrochemical studies, which were performed to evaluate the redox center of the immobilized protein, show a confinement suitable for an efficient electron transfer system. More importantly, the electrochemical studies allowed determination of a redox potential for the new (Lys)6-tagged rHbI. The data show that the protein is electrochemically active and retains its biological activity toward H2S.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ramonita Díaz-Ayala
- Department
of Chemistry, P.O. Box 9000, University
of Puerto Rico—Mayagüez Campus, Mayaguez 00680-9000, Puerto Rico
| | - Lisa Torres-González
- Department
of Chemistry, P.O. Box 9000, University
of Puerto Rico—Mayagüez Campus, Mayaguez 00680-9000, Puerto Rico
| | - Ruth Pietri
- Department
of Chemistry, P.O. Box 372230, University
of Puerto Rico—Cayey Campus, Cayey 00737-2230, Puerto
Rico
| | - Carlos R. Cabrera
- Department
of Chemistry, P.O. Box 23346, University
of Puerto Rico—Río Piedras Campus, San Juan 00931-3346, Puerto Rico
| | - Juan López-Garriga
- Department
of Chemistry, P.O. Box 9000, University
of Puerto Rico—Mayagüez Campus, Mayaguez 00680-9000, Puerto Rico
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Díaz-Ayala R, Moya-Rodríguez A, Pietri R, Cadilla CL, López-Garriga J. Molecular Cloning and Characterization of a (Lys)6-Tagged Sulfide-Reactive Hemoglobin I from Lucina pectinata. Mol Biotechnol 2016; 57:1050-62. [PMID: 26482241 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-015-9896-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A poly-Lys tag was fused to the Lucina pectinata hemoglobin I (HbI) coding sequence and purified using an efficient and fast process. HbI is a hemeprotein that binds hydrogen sulfide (H2S) with high affinity and it has been used to understand physiologically relevant reactions of this signaling molecule. The (Lys)6-tagged rHbI construct was expressed in E. coli and purified by immobilization on a cation exchange matrix, followed by size-exclusion chromatography. The identity, structure, and function of the (Lys)6-tagged rHbI were assessed by mass spectrometry, small and wide X-ray scattering, optical spectroscopy, and kinetic analysis. The scattering and spectroscopic results showed that the (Lys)6-tagged rHbI is structurally and functionally analogous to the native protein as well as to the (His)6-tagged rHbI. Kinetics studies with H2S indicated that the association (k on) and dissociation (k off) rate constants were 1.4 × 10(5)/M/s and 0.1 × 10(-3)/s, respectively. This results confirmed that the (Lys)6-tagged rHbI binds H2S with the same high affinity as its homologue.
Collapse
|
10
|
Wei Y, Luo H, Chang Y, Yu H, Shen Z. Reversible immobilization of cephalosporin C acylase on epoxy supports coated with polyethyleneimine. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2016. [DOI: 10.3109/10242422.2016.1168814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
|
11
|
Wijekoon CJK, Ukuwela AA, Wedd AG, Xiao Z. Evaluation of employing poly-lysine tags versus poly-histidine tags for purification and characterization of recombinant copper-binding proteins. J Inorg Biochem 2015; 162:286-294. [PMID: 26766000 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2015.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative characterization of metalloproteins at molecular and atomic levels generally requires tens of milligrams of highly purified samples, a situation frequently challenged by problems in generating unmodified native forms. A variety of affinity tags, such as the popular poly-histidine tag, have been developed to facilitate purification but they generally rely on expensive affinity resins and their presence may interfere with protein characterization. This paper documents that addition of a poly-lysine tag to the C-terminus enables, for the copper-binding proteins examined, ready purification in large scale via cost-effective cation-exchange chromatography. The tag may be removed readily by the enzyme carboxypeptidase B to generate the native protein with no extra residues. However, this cleavage step is normally not necessary since the poly-lysine tag is shown to have no detectable affinity for either Cu(I) or Cu(II) and imposes no interference to the copper binding properties of the target proteins. In contrast, the poly-histidine tag possesses a sub-picomolar affinity for Cu(I) and -nanomolar affinity for Cu(II) and may need to be removed for reliable characterization of the target proteins. These conclusions may be extended to the study of other metallo-proteins and metallo-enzymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chathuri J K Wijekoon
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Ashwinie A Ukuwela
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Anthony G Wedd
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Zhiguang Xiao
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|