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The potential of cold-shock promoters for the expression of recombinant proteins in microbes and mammalian cells. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2022; 20:173. [PMID: 36580173 PMCID: PMC9800685 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-022-00455-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low-temperature expression of recombinant proteins may be advantageous to support their proper folding and preserve bioactivity. The generation of expression vectors regulated under cold conditions can improve the expression of some target proteins that are difficult to express in different expression systems. The cspA encodes the major cold-shock protein from Escherichia coli (CspA). The promoter of cspA has been widely used to develop cold shock-inducible expression platforms in E. coli. Moreover, it is often necessary to employ expression systems other than bacteria, particularly when recombinant proteins require complex post-translational modifications. Currently, there are no commercial platforms available for expressing target genes by cold shock in eukaryotic cells. Consequently, genetic elements that respond to cold shock offer the possibility of developing novel cold-inducible expression platforms, particularly suitable for yeasts, and mammalian cells. CONCLUSIONS This review covers the importance of the cellular response to low temperatures and the prospective use of cold-sensitive promoters to direct the expression of recombinant proteins. This concept may contribute to renewing interest in applying white technologies to produce recombinant proteins that are difficult to express.
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2
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Hashem C, Hochrinner J, Bürgler MB, Rinnofner C, Pichler H, Winkler M. From linoleic acid to hexanal and hexanol by whole cell catalysis with a lipoxygenase, hydroperoxide lyase and reductase cascade in Komagataella phaffii. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:965315. [PMID: 36579187 PMCID: PMC9791951 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.965315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Green leaf volatiles (GLVs) cover a group of mainly C6-and C9-aldehydes, -alcohols and -esters. Their name refers to their characteristic herbal and fruity scent, which is similar to that of freshly cut grass or vegetables. Lipoxygenases (LOXs) catalyze the peroxidation of unsaturated fatty acids. The resulting hydroperoxy fatty acids are then cleaved into aldehydes and oxo acids by fatty acid hydroperoxide lyases (HPLs). Herein, we equipped the yeast Komagataella phaffii with recombinant genes coding for LOX and HPL, to serve as a biocatalyst for GLV production. We expressed the well-known 13S-specific LOX gene from Pleurotus sapidus and a compatible HPL gene from Medicago truncatula. In bioconversions, glycerol induced strains formed 12.9 mM hexanal using whole cells, and 8 mM hexanol was produced with whole cells induced by methanol. We applied various inducible and constitutive promoters in bidirectional systems to influence the final ratio of LOX and HPL proteins. By implementing these recombinant enzymes in Komagataella phaffii, challenges such as biocatalyst supply and lack of product specificity can finally be overcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiam Hashem
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, TU Graz, NAWI Graz, Graz, Austria,Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (acib GmbH), Graz, Austria
| | - Julius Hochrinner
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, TU Graz, NAWI Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Moritz B. Bürgler
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (acib GmbH), Graz, Austria
| | - Claudia Rinnofner
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (acib GmbH), Graz, Austria
| | - Harald Pichler
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, TU Graz, NAWI Graz, Graz, Austria,Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (acib GmbH), Graz, Austria,BioTechMed Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Margit Winkler
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology, TU Graz, NAWI Graz, Graz, Austria,Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology (acib GmbH), Graz, Austria,*Correspondence: Margit Winkler,
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3
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Synthesis of Polymer Precursor 12-Oxododecenoic Acid Utilizing Recombinant Papaya Hydroperoxide Lyase in an Enzyme Cascade. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022. [PMID: 35904676 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-04095-0/figures/7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Hydroperoxide lyases (HPLs) catalyze the splitting of 13S-hydroperoxyoctadecadienoic acid (13S-HPODE) into the green note flavor hexanal and 12-oxo-9(Z)-dodecenoic acid, which is not yet used industrially. Here, HPL from Carica papaya (HPLCP) was cloned and functionally expressed in Escherichia coli to investigate synthesis of 12-oxo-9(Z)-dodecenoic acid in detail. To improve the low catalytic activity of full-length HPLCP, the hydrophobic, non-conserved N-terminal sequence was deleted. This enhanced enzyme activity from initial 10 to 40 U/l. With optimization of solubilization buffer, expression media enzyme activity was increased to 2700 U/l. The tetrameric enzyme was produced in a 1.5 l fermenter and enriched by affinity chromatography. The enzyme preparation possesses a slightly acidic pH optimum and a catalytic efficiency (kcat/KM) of 2.73 × 106 s-1·M-1 towards 13S-HPODE. Interestingly, HPLCP-N could be applied for the synthesis of 12-oxo-9(Z)-dodecenoic acid, and 1 mM of 13S-HPODE was transformed in just 10 s with a yield of 90%. At protein concentrations of 10 mg/ml, the slow formation of the 10(E)-isomer traumatin was observed, pointing to a non-enzymatic isomerization process. Bearing this in mind, a one-pot enzyme cascade starting from safflower oil was developed with consecutive addition of Pseudomonas fluorescens lipase, Glycine max lipoxygenase (LOX-1), and HPLCP-N. A yield of 43% was obtained upon fast extraction of the reaction mixtures after 1 min of HPLCP-N reaction. This work provides first insights into an enzyme cascade synthesis of 12-oxo-9(Z)-dodecenoic acid, which may serve as a bifunctional precursor for bio-based polymer synthesis.
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4
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Coenen A, Marti VG, Müller K, Sheremetiev M, Finamore L, Schörken U. Synthesis of Polymer Precursor 12-Oxododecenoic Acid Utilizing Recombinant Papaya Hydroperoxide Lyase in an Enzyme Cascade. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 194:6194-6212. [PMID: 35904676 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-04095-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Hydroperoxide lyases (HPLs) catalyze the splitting of 13S-hydroperoxyoctadecadienoic acid (13S-HPODE) into the green note flavor hexanal and 12-oxo-9(Z)-dodecenoic acid, which is not yet used industrially. Here, HPL from Carica papaya (HPLCP) was cloned and functionally expressed in Escherichia coli to investigate synthesis of 12-oxo-9(Z)-dodecenoic acid in detail. To improve the low catalytic activity of full-length HPLCP, the hydrophobic, non-conserved N-terminal sequence was deleted. This enhanced enzyme activity from initial 10 to 40 U/l. With optimization of solubilization buffer, expression media enzyme activity was increased to 2700 U/l. The tetrameric enzyme was produced in a 1.5 l fermenter and enriched by affinity chromatography. The enzyme preparation possesses a slightly acidic pH optimum and a catalytic efficiency (kcat/KM) of 2.73 × 106 s-1·M-1 towards 13S-HPODE. Interestingly, HPLCP-N could be applied for the synthesis of 12-oxo-9(Z)-dodecenoic acid, and 1 mM of 13S-HPODE was transformed in just 10 s with a yield of 90%. At protein concentrations of 10 mg/ml, the slow formation of the 10(E)-isomer traumatin was observed, pointing to a non-enzymatic isomerization process. Bearing this in mind, a one-pot enzyme cascade starting from safflower oil was developed with consecutive addition of Pseudomonas fluorescens lipase, Glycine max lipoxygenase (LOX-1), and HPLCP-N. A yield of 43% was obtained upon fast extraction of the reaction mixtures after 1 min of HPLCP-N reaction. This work provides first insights into an enzyme cascade synthesis of 12-oxo-9(Z)-dodecenoic acid, which may serve as a bifunctional precursor for bio-based polymer synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Coenen
- TH Köln - Campus Leverkusen, Campusplatz 1, 51379, Leverkusen, Germany
| | | | - Kira Müller
- TH Köln - Campus Leverkusen, Campusplatz 1, 51379, Leverkusen, Germany
| | - Maria Sheremetiev
- TH Köln - Campus Leverkusen, Campusplatz 1, 51379, Leverkusen, Germany
| | - Lorenzo Finamore
- TH Köln - Campus Leverkusen, Campusplatz 1, 51379, Leverkusen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schörken
- TH Köln - Campus Leverkusen, Campusplatz 1, 51379, Leverkusen, Germany.
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5
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Kaur I, Korrapati N, Bonello J, Mukherjee A, Rishi V, Bendigiri C. Biosynthesis of natural aroma compounds using recombinant whole-cell tomato hydroperoxide lyase biocatalyst. J Biosci 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-022-00269-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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6
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Cerezo S, Hernández ML, Palomo-Ríos E, Gouffi N, García-Vico L, Sicardo MD, Sanz C, Mercado JA, Pliego-Alfaro F, Martínez-Rivas JM. Modification of 13-hydroperoxide lyase expression in olive affects plant growth and results in altered volatile profile. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 313:111083. [PMID: 34763868 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2021.111083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The C6 aldehydes, alcohols, and the corresponding esters are the most important compounds of virgin olive oil aroma. These C6 volatile compounds are synthesized via the 13-hydroperoxide lyase (13-HPL) branch of the lipoxygenase pathway. In this investigation, a functional analysis of the olive (Olea europaea L.) 13-HPL gene by its overexpression and silencing in olive transgenic lines was carried out. With this aim, sense and RNAi constructs of the olive 13-HPL gene were generated and used for the transformation of embryogenic olive cultures. Leaves from overexpressing lines showed a slight increase in 13-HPL gene expression, whereas RNAi lines exhibited a strong decrease in their transcript levels. Quantification of 13-HPL activity in two overexpressing and two RNAi lines showed a positive correlation with levels of transcripts. Interestingly, RNAi lines showed a high decrease in the content of C6 volatiles linked to a strong increase of C5 volatile compounds, altering the volatile profile in the leaves. In addition, the silencing of the 13-HPL gene severely affected plant growth and development. This investigation demonstrates the role of the 13-HPL gene in the biogenesis of olive volatile compounds and constitutes a functional genomics study in olive related to virgin olive oil quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Cerezo
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea, University of Málaga (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - M Luisa Hernández
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Plant Products, Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC), 41013, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Elena Palomo-Ríos
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea, University of Málaga (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Naima Gouffi
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea, University of Málaga (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Lourdes García-Vico
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Plant Products, Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC), 41013, Sevilla, Spain
| | - M Dolores Sicardo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Plant Products, Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC), 41013, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Carlos Sanz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Plant Products, Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC), 41013, Sevilla, Spain
| | - José A Mercado
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea, University of Málaga (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Fernando Pliego-Alfaro
- Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea, University of Málaga (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - José M Martínez-Rivas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Plant Products, Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC), 41013, Sevilla, Spain.
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Optimizing the Production of Recombinant Hydroperoxide Lyase in Escherichia coli Using Statistical Design. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11020176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydroperoxide lyase (HPL) catalyzes the synthesis of volatiles C6 or C9 aldehydes from fatty acid hydroperoxides. These short carbon chain aldehydes, known as green leaf volatiles (GLV), are widely used in cosmetic industries and as food additives because of their “fresh green” aroma. To meet the growing demand for natural GLVs, the use of recombinant HPL as a biocatalyst in enzyme-catalyzed processes appears to be an interesting application. Previously, we cloned and expressed a 13-HPL from olive fruit in Escherichia coli and showed high conversion rates (up to 94%) during the synthesis of C6 aldehydes. To consider a scale-up of this process, optimization of the recombinant enzyme production is necessary. In this study, four host-vector combinations were tested. Experimental design and response surface methodology (RSM) were used to optimize the expression conditions. Three factors were considered, i.e., temperature, inducer concentration and induction duration. The Box–Behnken design consisted of 45 assays for each expression system performed in deep-well microplates. The regression models were built and fitted well to the experimental data (R2 coefficient > 97%). The best response (production level of the soluble enzyme) was obtained with E. coli BL21 DE3 cells. Using the optimal conditions, 2277 U L−1of culture of the soluble enzyme was produced in microliter plates and 21,920 U L−1of culture in an Erlenmeyer flask, which represents a 79-fold increase compared to the production levels previously reported.
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8
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Stolterfoht H, Rinnofner C, Winkler M, Pichler H. Recombinant Lipoxygenases and Hydroperoxide Lyases for the Synthesis of Green Leaf Volatiles. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:13367-13392. [PMID: 31591878 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b02690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Green leaf volatiles (GLVs) are mainly C6- and in rare cases also C9-aldehydes, -alcohols, and -esters, which are released by plants in response to biotic or abiotic stresses. These compounds are named for their characteristic smell reminiscent of freshly mowed grass. This review focuses on GLVs and the two major pathway enzymes responsible for their formation: lipoxygenases (LOXs) and fatty acid hydroperoxide lyases (HPLs). LOXs catalyze the peroxidation of unsaturated fatty acids, such as linoleic and α-linolenic acids. Hydroperoxy fatty acids are further converted by HPLs into aldehydes and oxo-acids. In many industrial applications, plant extracts have been used as LOX and HPL sources. However, these processes are limited by low enzyme concentration, stability, and specificity. Alternatively, recombinant enzymes can be used as biocatalysts for GLV synthesis. The increasing number of well-characterized enzymes efficiently expressed by microbial hosts will foster the development of innovative biocatalytic processes for GLV production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly Stolterfoht
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology , Petersgasse 14 , 8010 Graz , Austria
| | - Claudia Rinnofner
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology , Petersgasse 14 , 8010 Graz , Austria
- bisy e.U. , Wetzawinkel 20 , 8200 Hofstaetten , Austria
| | - Margit Winkler
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology , Petersgasse 14 , 8010 Graz , Austria
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology , TU Graz, NAWI Graz, BioTechMed Graz , Petersgasse 14 , 8010 Graz , Austria
| | - Harald Pichler
- Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology , Petersgasse 14 , 8010 Graz , Austria
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology , TU Graz, NAWI Graz, BioTechMed Graz , Petersgasse 14 , 8010 Graz , Austria
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9
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Biocatalytic Synthesis of Natural Green Leaf Volatiles Using the Lipoxygenase Metabolic Pathway. Catalysts 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/catal9100873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In higher plants, the lipoxygenase enzymatic pathway combined actions of several enzymes to convert lipid substrates into signaling and defense molecules called phytooxylipins including short chain volatile aldehydes, alcohols, and esters, known as green leaf volatiles (GLVs). GLVs are synthesized from C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids that are oxygenated by lipoxygenase (LOX) to form corresponding hydroperoxides, then the action of hydroperoxide lyase (HPL) produces C6 or C9 aldehydes that can undergo isomerization, dehydrogenation, and esterification. GLVs are commonly used as flavors to confer a fresh green odor of vegetable to perfumes, cosmetics, and food products. Given the increasing demand in these natural flavors, biocatalytic processes using the LOX pathway reactions constitute an interesting application. Vegetable oils, chosen for their lipid profile are converted in natural GLVs with high added value. This review describes the enzymatic reactions of GLVs biosynthesis in the plant, as well as the structural and functional properties of the enzymes involved. The various stages of the biocatalytic production processes are approached from the lipid substrate to the corresponding aldehyde or alcoholic aromas, as well as the biotechnological improvements to enhance the production potential of the enzymatic catalysts.
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Zhu ZJ, Chen HM, Chen JJ, Yang R, Yan XJ. One-Step Bioconversion of Fatty Acids into C8-C9 Volatile Aroma Compounds by a Multifunctional Lipoxygenase Cloned from Pyropia haitanensis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:1233-1241. [PMID: 29327928 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b05341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The multifunctional lipoxygenase PhLOX cloned from Pyropia haitanensis was expressed in Escherichia coli with 24.4 mg·L-1 yield. PhLOX could catalyze the one-step bioconversion of C18-C22 fatty acids into C8-C9 volatile organic compounds (VOCs), displaying higher catalytic efficiency for eicosenoic and docosenoic acids than for octadecenoic acids. C20:5 was the most suitable substrate among the tested fatty acids. The C8-C9 VOCs were generated in good yields from fatty acids, e.g., 2E-nonenal from C20:4, and 2E,6Z-nonadienal from C20:5. Hydrolyzed oils were also tested as substrates. The reactions mainly generated 2E,4E-pentadienal, 2E-octenal, and 2E,4E-octadienal from hydrolyzed sunflower seed oil, corn oil, and fish oil, respectively. PhLOX showed good stability after storage at 4 °C for 2 weeks and broad tolerance to pH and temperature. These desirable properties of PhLOX make it a promising novel biocatalyst for the industrial production of volatile aroma compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhu-Jun Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University , Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
- Ningbo Institute of Oceanography , Ningbo, Zhejiang 315832, China
| | - Hai-Min Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University , Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Juan-Juan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University , Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University , Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Yan
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Zhejiang Province, Ningbo University , Ningbo, Zhejiang 315211, China
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Jacopini S, Vincenti S, Mariani M, Brunini-Bronzini de Caraffa V, Gambotti C, Desjobert JM, Muselli A, Costa J, Tomi F, Berti L, Maury J. Activation and Stabilization of Olive Recombinant 13-Hydroperoxide Lyase Using Selected Additives. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2016; 182:1000-1013. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-016-2377-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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12
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Brühlmann F, Bosijokovic B. Efficient Biochemical Cascade for Accessing Green Leaf Alcohols. Org Process Res Dev 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.6b00303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fredi Brühlmann
- Firmenich SA, Corporate R&D, Route des Jeunes 1, CH-1211 Geneva 8, Switzerland
| | - Bojan Bosijokovic
- Firmenich SA, Corporate R&D, Route des Jeunes 1, CH-1211 Geneva 8, Switzerland
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