Evaluation of Antidiabetic Potential of Sarcostemma brevistigma Wight & Arn. Using Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Murine Model

Ameliorative effect of Annona reticulata L. leaf extract on antihyperglycemic activity and its hepato-renal protective potential in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats

BACKGROUND

Annona reticulata L. is a traditionally important plant due to its versatile source of medicine and industrial products. It is used to treat cardiac problems, wound healing, diabetes, ulcers and bacterial infections. As it is a commercial fruit bearing plant, wide range studies on this plant reaches the mankind efficiently.

OBJECTIVE(S)

The present study was focussed on antihyperglycemic potential of A. reticulata leaves under in vitro and in vivo.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

The in vitro phytochemical analysis, total phenolic, flavonoid content, inhibition activity on alpha amylase and alpha glucosidase enzymes were determined for various solvent extracts, followed by in vivo oral toxicity, short term, dose dependant antihyperglycemic studies, oral glucose tolerance tests were performed. The activity of methanolic extract of A.reticulata (MeEAR)-500 mg/kg b.wt was studied for 28 days in diabetic rat model. Histopathological examinations and serum biochemical assays were performed. Gas chromatography-Mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis was performed to identify the compounds present in MeEAR.

RESULTS

Among the various extracts, MeEAR possesses higher amount of phenols and flavonoids with effective inhibition on carbohydrate hydrolysing enzymes (P < 0.05) and also exhibited higher glycemic control in vivo, with simultaneous improvement in the hepatic and renal activities in diabetic rats. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 63 bioactive compounds including carboxylic-acids, alcoholic groups, fattyacid esters, amino acid derivatives.

CONCLUSION

Altogether, our study demonstrated that leaves of A.reticulata possess better antihyperglycemic activity and could be developed in to a potential antidiabetic drug with further studies.

Glucose-lowering activity of dark tea protein extract by modulating spleen–brain axis of diabetic mice

The present study aims to explore the glucose-lowering effects of the previously characterised dark tea (Camellia sinensis L.) protein extract (DTPE) from Heimaojian on the spleen–brain axis of diabetic mice. DTPE was orally administrated (50–100 mg/kg) to alloxan-induced mice for 21 d; a biochemical assay and transcriptome profiling (RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq)) were performed. The results showed that DTPE can improve glucose tolerance. Compared with the model group, at day 21, the fasting blood glucose values were significantly (P < 0·05) decreased by 44·9 % (13·8 v. 7·6 mmol/l) and 51·4 % (13·8 v. 6·7 mmol/l) for high dose of DTPE (100 mg/kg) and drug metformin (125 mg/kg) groups, respectively. Subsequently, transcriptome profiling (RNA-Seq) was performed on the spleen and brain of diabetic mice. Totally, fifty-two spleen-derived and forty-seven brain-derived differentially expressed genes related to the synthesis, transport and metabolism of glucose were identified. The regulatory network analysis indicated that DTPE may exert glucose-lowering effects through a thirty-seven-gene sub-network related to metabolism, Parkinson’s disease, oxidative phosphorylation and immunity. In summary, for the first time, the present data revealed that dark tea-derived DTPE could exert a potential anti-hyperglycaemic effect by modulating the spleen–brain axis.