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Pereira J, Álvarez-Fernández García R, Corte-Rodríguez M, Manteca A, Bettmer J, LeBlanc K, Mester Z, Montes-Bayón M. Towards single cell ICP-MS normalized quantitative experiments using certified selenized yeast. Talanta 2022; 252:123786. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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2
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LeBlanc KL, Mester Z. Compilation of selenium metabolite data in selenized yeasts. Metallomics 2021; 13:6307519. [PMID: 34156080 DOI: 10.1093/mtomcs/mfab031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Selenium-enriched yeast has long been recognized as an important nutritional source of selenium and studies have suggested that supplementation with this material provides chemo-preventative benefits beyond those observed for selenomethionine supplementation, despite the fact that selenomethionine accounts for 60-84% of the total selenium in selenized yeasts. There is much ongoing research into the characterization of the species comprising the remaining 16-40% of the selenium, with nearly 100 unique selenium-containing metabolites identified in aqueous extracts of selenized yeasts (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). Herein, we discuss the analytical approaches involved in the identification and quantification of these metabolites, and present a recently created online database (DOI: 10.4224/40001921) of reported selenium species along with chemical structures and unique mass spectral features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly L LeBlanc
- National Research Council Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zoltán Mester
- National Research Council Canada, 1200 Montreal Road, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Concarr M, Sinkunaite I, Murphy R. The effect of trace minerals on the stability of retinol acetate, cholecalciferol and selenomethionine stability within premixes. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL NUTRITION 2021. [DOI: 10.3920/jaan2021.0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This study compared the effect of an organic proteinate mineral source and an inorganic sulphate mineral source in relation to their effect on the stability of retinol acetate and cholecalciferol within simulated premixes, while comparing the stability of two different selenomethionine (SeMet) sources (selenium enriched yeast (SeYeast) and the chemically synthesised L-SeMet) in the presence of inorganic sulphate mineral sources within simulated premixes. Four vitamin-trace mineral premixes, two containing organic trace mineral sources in the form of proteinates and two containing inorganic trace mineral sources in the form of sulphates, were formulated so that, when added to a complete broiler feed at the appropriate inclusion rates, they contained the same amount of retinol acetate and cholecalciferol and varying levels of trace minerals (National Research Council recommended level, commonly used industry level or a reduced inclusion level). The two SeMet-trace mineral premixes were formulated to contain commonly used industry levels of vitamins and trace minerals. The two SeMet-trace mineral premixes differed in the source of SeMet. One premix contained chemically synthesised L-SeMet while the other contained SeYeast. The vitamin content of the four vitamin-trace mineral premixes was analysed after 14 and 84 days in storage by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography and the amount present within each of the premixes was compared to the quantity determined prior to storage. In general, the premixes formulated with the sulphate trace mineral source were found to have higher losses of retinol acetate and cholecalciferol than those formulated with the proteinate trace mineral source. The inclusion of the proteinate minerals at both National Research Council and reduced inclusion levels significantly (P≤0.05) increased the stability of both the vitamins when compared to the inorganic sulphate mineral sources included at commonly used industry levels. The SeMet content of the two SeMet-trace mineral premixes was analysed after 49 days in storage by high performance liquid chromatography – inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and the amount of SeMet present within each of the samples was compared to the quantity determined prior to storage. SeMet present within the SeYeast was found to be significantly more stable (P≤0.05) than the chemically synthesised L-SeMet.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Concarr
- Alltech Ireland, Summerhill Road, Sarney, Dunboyne, Co. Meath, Ireland
| | - I. Sinkunaite
- Alltech Ireland, Summerhill Road, Sarney, Dunboyne, Co. Meath, Ireland
| | - R. Murphy
- Alltech Ireland, Summerhill Road, Sarney, Dunboyne, Co. Meath, Ireland
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Vozza G, Khalid M, Byrne HJ, Ryan SM, Frias JM. Nutraceutical formulation, characterisation, and in-vitro evaluation of methylselenocysteine and selenocystine using food derived chitosan:zein nanoparticles. Food Res Int 2019; 120:295-304. [PMID: 31000242 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Selenoamino acids (SeAAs) have been shown to possess antioxidant and anticancer properties. However, their bioaccessibility is low and they may be toxic above the recommended nutritional intake level, thus improved targeted oral delivery methods are desirable. In this work, the SeAAs, Methylselenocysteine (MSC) and selenocystine (SeCys2) were encapsulated into nanoparticles (NPs) using the mucoadhesive polymer chitosan (Cs), via ionotropic gelation with tripolyphosphate (TPP) and the NPs produced were then coated with zein (a maize derived prolamine rich protein). NPs with optimized physicochemical properties for oral delivery were obtained at a 6: 1 ratio of Cs:TPP, with a 1:0.75 mass ratio of Cs:zein coating (diameter ~260 nm, polydispersivity index ~0.2, zeta potential >30 mV). Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis showed that spheroidal, well distributed particles were obtained. Encapsulation Efficiencies of 80.7% and 78.9% were achieved, respectively, for MSC and SeCys2 loaded NPs. Cytotoxicity studies of MSC loaded NPs showed no decrease in cellular viability in either Caco-2 (intestine) or HepG2 (liver) cells after 4 and 72 h exposures. For SeCys2 loaded NPs, although no cytotoxicity was observed in Caco-2 cells after 4 h, a significant reduction in cytotoxicity was observed, compared to pure SeCys2, across all test concentrations in HepG2 after 72 h exposure. Accelerated thermal stability testing of both loaded NPs indicated good stability under normal storage conditions. Lastly, after 6 h exposure to simulated gastrointestinal tract environments, the sustained release profile of the formulation showed that 62 ± 8% and 69 ± 4% of MSC and SeCys2, had been released from the NPs respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuliana Vozza
- School of Food Science and Environmental Health, Technological University Dublin, Marlborough Street, Dublin 1, Ireland; FOCAS Research Institute, Technological University Dublin, Kevin Street, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Minna Khalid
- School of Food Science and Environmental Health, Technological University Dublin, Marlborough Street, Dublin 1, Ireland; FOCAS Research Institute, Technological University Dublin, Kevin Street, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Hugh J Byrne
- FOCAS Research Institute, Technological University Dublin, Kevin Street, Dublin 8, Ireland
| | - Sinéad M Ryan
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 7, Ireland
| | - Jesus M Frias
- Environmental Science and Health Institute, Technological University Dublin, Grangegorman, Dublin 7, Ireland.
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Application of Box-Behnken experimental design for the formulation and optimisation of selenomethionine-loaded chitosan nanoparticles coated with zein for oral delivery. Int J Pharm 2018; 551:257-269. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.08.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Vu DL, Ranglová K, Hájek J, Hrouzek P. Quantification of methionine and selenomethionine in biological samples using multiple reaction monitoring high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (MRM-HPLC-MS/MS). J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1084:36-44. [PMID: 29558738 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Quantification of selenated amino-acids currently relies on methods employing inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Although very accurate, these methods do not allow the simultaneous determination of standard amino-acids, hampering the comparison of the content of selenated versus non-selenated species such as methionine (Met) and selenomethionine (SeMet). This paper reports two approaches for the simultaneous quantification of Met and SeMet. In the first approach, standard enzymatic hydrolysis employing Protease XIV was applied for the preparation of samples. The second approach utilized methanesulfonic acid (MA) for the hydrolysis of samples, either in a reflux system or in a microwave oven, followed by derivatization with diethyl ethoxymethylenemalonate. The prepared samples were then analyzed by multiple reaction monitoring high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (MRM-HPLC-MS/MS). Both approaches provided platforms for the accurate determination of selenium/sulfur substitution rate in Met. Moreover the second approach also provided accurate simultaneous quantification of Met and SeMet with a low limit of detection, low limit of quantification and wide linearity range, comparable to the commonly used gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method or ICP-MS. The novel method was validated using certified reference material in conjunction with the GC-MS reference method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dai Long Vu
- Laboratory of Algal Biotechnology, Centre ALGATECH, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Opatovický mlýn, Novohradská 237, 379 81 Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Karolína Ranglová
- Laboratory of Algal Biotechnology, Centre ALGATECH, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Opatovický mlýn, Novohradská 237, 379 81 Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Hájek
- Laboratory of Algal Biotechnology, Centre ALGATECH, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Opatovický mlýn, Novohradská 237, 379 81 Třeboň, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Hrouzek
- Laboratory of Algal Biotechnology, Centre ALGATECH, Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Opatovický mlýn, Novohradská 237, 379 81 Třeboň, Czech Republic.
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Lynch SJ, Horgan KA, White B, Walls D. Selenium Source Impacts Protection of Porcine Jejunal Epithelial Cells from Cadmium-Induced DNA Damage, with Maximum Protection Exhibited with Yeast-Derived Selenium Compounds. Biol Trace Elem Res 2017; 176:311-320. [PMID: 27561293 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-016-0828-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is found in inorganic and organic forms, both of which are commonly used in animal feed supplements. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of the chemical form of Se on its associated ameliorative effects on cadmium (Cd)-induced DNA damage in a porcine model. At a cellular level, Cd mediates free oxygen radical production leading in particular to DNA damage, with consequential mutagenesis and inhibition of DNA replication. In this study, porcine jejunal epithelial cells (IPEC-J2) were pre-incubated for 48 h with one of Se-yeast (Sel-Plex), selenomethionine (Se-M), sodium selenite (Se-Ni) or sodium selenate (Se-Na). The effects of this supplementation on cell viability and DNA damage following cadmium chloride (CdCl2) exposure were subsequently evaluated. IPEC-J2 cells were cultivated throughout in medium supplemented with porcine serum to generate a superior model that recapitulated the porcine gut epithelium. The results illustrated that Se antioxidant effects were both composition- and dose-dependent as evident from cell viability (Alamar Blue and 5-carboxyfluorescein diacetate acetoxymethyl ester) and DNA damage assays (Comet and TUNEL). Both the Se-yeast and Se-M organic species, when used at the European Food Safety Authority guideline levels, had a protective effect against Cd-induced DNA damage in the IPEC-J2 model system whereas for inorganic Se-Ni and Se-Na sources no protective effects were observed and in fact these were shown to enhance the negative effects of Cd-induced DNA damage. It can be concluded that nutritional supplementation with organoselenium may protect porcine gut integrity from damage induced by Cd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Lynch
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
- National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | | | - Blanaid White
- National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
- School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Dermot Walls
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland.
- National Centre for Sensor Research, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland.
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Kieliszek M, Błażejak S, Kurek E. Binding and Conversion of Selenium in Candida utilis ATCC 9950 Yeasts in Bioreactor Culture. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22030352. [PMID: 28245620 PMCID: PMC6155356 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22030352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenium is considered an essential component of all living organisms. The use of yeasts as a selenium supplement in human nutrition has gained much interest over the last decade. The accumulation and biochemical transformation of selenium in yeast cells is particularly interesting to many researchers. In this article, we present the results of the determination of selenium and selenomethionine content in the biomass of feed yeast Candida utilis ATCC 9950 obtained from the culture grown in a bioreactor. The results indicated that C. utilis cells performed the biotransformation of inorganic selenium(IV) to organic derivatives (e.g., selenomethionine). Selenium introduced (20–30 mg Se4+∙L−1) to the experimental media in the form of sodium(IV) selenite (Na2SeO3) salt caused a significant increase in selenium content in the biomass of C. utilis, irrespective of the concentration. The highest amount of selenium (1841 μg∙gd.w.−1) was obtained after a 48-h culture in media containing 30 mg Se4+∙L−1. The highest content of selenomethionine (238.8 μg∙gd.w.−1) was found after 48-h culture from the experimental medium that was supplemented with selenium at a concentration of 20 mg Se4+∙L−1. Biomass cell in the cultures supplemented with selenium ranged from 1.5 to 14.1 g∙L−1. The results of this study indicate that yeast cell biomass of C. utilis enriched mainly with the organic forms of selenium can be a valuable source of protein. It creates the possibility of obtaining selenium biocomplexes that can be used in the production of protein-selenium dietary supplements for animals and humans
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Kieliszek
- Faculty of Food Sciences, Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Food Evaluation, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159 C, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Stanisław Błażejak
- Faculty of Food Sciences, Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Food Evaluation, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159 C, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Eliza Kurek
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre, University of Warsaw, Zwirki i Wigury 101, 02-089 Warsaw, Poland.
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Fagan S, Owens R, Ward P, Connolly C, Doyle S, Murphy R. Biochemical Comparison of Commercial Selenium Yeast Preparations. Biol Trace Elem Res 2015; 166:245-59. [PMID: 25855372 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-015-0242-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The trace mineral selenium (Se) is an essential element for human and animal nutrition. The addition of Se to the diet through dietary supplements or fortified food/feed is increasingly common owing to the often sub-optimal content of standard diets of many countries. Se supplements commercially available include the inorganic mineral salts such as sodium selenite or selenate, and organic forms such as Se-enriched yeast. Today, Se yeast is produced by several manufacturers and has become the most widely used source of Se for human supplementation and is also widely employed in animal nutrition where approval in all species has been granted by regulatory bodies such as the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). Characterisation and comparison of Se-enriched yeast products has traditionally been made by quantifying total selenomethionine (SeMet) content. A disadvantage of this approach, however, is that it does not consider the effects of Se deposition on subsequent digestive availability. In this study, an assessment was made of the water-soluble extracts of commercially available Se-enriched yeast samples for free, peptide-bound and total water-soluble SeMet. Using LC-MS/MS, a total of 62 Se-containing proteins were identified across four Se yeast products, displaying quantitative/qualitative changes in abundance relative to the certified reference material, SELM-1 (P value <0.05; fold change ≥2). Overall, the study indicates that significant differences exist between Se yeast products in terms of SeMet content, Se-containing protein abundance and associated metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheena Fagan
- Alltech Biotechnology Centre, Dunboyne, County Meath, Ireland,
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