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Yang F, Smith MJ, Siow RCM, Aarsland D, Maret W, Mann GE. Interactions between zinc and NRF2 in vascular redox signalling. Biochem Soc Trans 2024; 52:269-278. [PMID: 38372426 PMCID: PMC10903478 DOI: 10.1042/bst20230490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Recent evidence highlights the importance of trace metal micronutrients such as zinc (Zn) in coronary and vascular diseases. Zn2+ plays a signalling role in modulating endothelial nitric oxide synthase and protects the endothelium against oxidative stress by up-regulation of glutathione synthesis. Excessive accumulation of Zn2+ in endothelial cells leads to apoptotic cell death resulting from dysregulation of glutathione and mitochondrial ATP synthesis, whereas zinc deficiency induces an inflammatory phenotype, associated with increased monocyte adhesion. Nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (NRF2) is a transcription factor known to target hundreds of different genes. Activation of NRF2 affects redox metabolism, autophagy, cell proliferation, remodelling of the extracellular matrix and wound healing. As a redox-inert metal ion, Zn has emerged as a biomarker in diagnosis and as a therapeutic approach for oxidative-related diseases due to its close link to NRF2 signalling. In non-vascular cell types, Zn has been shown to modify conformations of the NRF2 negative regulators Kelch-like ECH-associated Protein 1 (KEAP1) and glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) and to promote degradation of BACH1, a transcriptional suppressor of select NRF2 genes. Zn can affect phosphorylation signalling, including mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK), phosphoinositide 3-kinases and protein kinase C, which facilitate NRF2 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation. Notably, several NRF2-targeted proteins have been suggested to modify cellular Zn concentration via Zn exporters (ZnTs) and importers (ZIPs) and the Zn buffering protein metallothionein. This review summarises the cross-talk between reactive oxygen species, Zn and NRF2 in antioxidant responses of vascular cells against oxidative stress and hypoxia/reoxygenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, King's British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, U.K
| | - Matthew J Smith
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, King's British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, U.K
| | - Richard C M Siow
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, King's British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, U.K
| | - Dag Aarsland
- Department of Old Age Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College, London, U.K
- Centre for Age-Related Medicine, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Wolfgang Maret
- Departments of Biochemistry and Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College, London, U.K
| | - Giovanni E Mann
- School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine and Sciences, King's British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London SE1 9NH, U.K
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Yang F, Smith MJ, Griffiths A, Morrell A, Chapple SJ, Siow RCM, Stewart T, Maret W, Mann GE. Vascular protection afforded by zinc supplementation in human coronary artery smooth muscle cells mediated by NRF2 signaling under hypoxia/reoxygenation. Redox Biol 2023; 64:102777. [PMID: 37315344 PMCID: PMC10363453 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc (Zn) has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative actions, with Zn dysregulation associated with coronary ischemia/reperfusion injury and smooth muscle cell dysfunction. As the majority of studies concerning Zn have been conducted under non-physiological hyperoxic conditions, we compare the effects of Zn chelation or supplementation on total intracellular Zn content, antioxidant NRF2 targeted gene transcription and hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced reactive oxygen species generation in human coronary artery smooth muscle cells (HCASMC) pre-adapted to hyperoxia (18 kPa O2) or normoxia (5 kPa O2). Expression of the smooth muscle marker SM22-α was unaffected by lowering pericellular O2, whereas calponin-1 was significantly upregulated in cells under 5 kPa O2, indicating a more physiological contractile phenotype under 5 kPa O2. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry established that Zn supplementation (10 μM ZnCl2 + 0.5 μM pyrithione) significantly increased total Zn content in HCASMC under 18 but not 5 kPa O2. Zn supplementation increased metallothionein mRNA expression and NRF2 nuclear accumulation in cells under 18 or 5 kPa O2. Notably, NRF2 regulated HO-1 and NQO1 mRNA expression in response to Zn supplementation was only upregulated in cells under 18 but not 5 kPa. Furthermore, whilst hypoxia increased intracellular glutathione (GSH) in cells pre-adapted to 18 but not 5 kPa O2, reoxygenation had negligible effects on GSH or total Zn content. Reoxygenation-induced superoxide generation in cells under 18 kPa O2 was abrogated by PEG-superoxide dismutase but not by PEG-catalase, and Zn supplementation, but not Zn chelation, attenuated reoxygenation-induced superoxide generation in cells under 18 but not 5kPaO2, consistent with a lower redox stress under physiological normoxia. Our findings highlight that culture of HCASMC under physiological normoxia recapitulates an in vivo contractile phenotype and that effects of Zn on NRF2 signaling are altered by oxygen tension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Yang
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK.
| | - Matthew J Smith
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Alexander Griffiths
- London Metallomics Facility, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, UK
| | - Alexander Morrell
- London Metallomics Facility, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, UK
| | - Sarah J Chapple
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Richard C M Siow
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK
| | - Theodora Stewart
- Research Management & Innovation Directorate (RMID), King's College London, UK
| | - Wolfgang Maret
- Departments of Biochemistry and Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course & Population Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, UK
| | - Giovanni E Mann
- King's British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine & Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, King's College London, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK.
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Interplay between Zn2+ Homeostasis and Mitochondrial Functions in Cardiovascular Diseases and Heart Ageing. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23136890. [PMID: 35805904 PMCID: PMC9266371 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23136890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Zinc plays an important role in cardiomyocytes, where it exists in bound and histochemically reactive labile Zn2+ forms. Although Zn2+ concentration is under tight control through several Zn2+-transporters, its concentration and intracellular distribution may vary during normal cardiac function and pathological conditions, when the protein levels and efficacy of Zn2+ transporters can lead to zinc re-distribution among organelles in cardiomyocytes. Such dysregulation of cellular Zn2+ homeostasis leads to mitochondrial and ER stresses, and interrupts normal ER/mitochondria cross-talk and mitophagy, which subsequently, result in increased ROS production and dysregulated metabolic function. Besides cardiac structural and functional defects, insufficient Zn2+ supply was associated with heart development abnormalities, induction and progression of cardiovascular diseases, resulting in accelerated cardiac ageing. In the present review, we summarize the recently identified connections between cellular and mitochondrial Zn2+ homeostasis, ER stress and mitophagy in heart development, excitation–contraction coupling, heart failure and ischemia/reperfusion injury. Additionally, we discuss the role of Zn2+ in accelerated heart ageing and ageing-associated rise of mitochondrial ROS and cardiomyocyte dysfunction.
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Olgar Y, Tuncay E, Billur D, Turan B. Bimodal Effects of P2Y 12 Antagonism on Matrix Metalloproteinase-Associated Contractile Dysfunction in İnsulin-Resistant Mammalian Heart. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:2195-2204. [PMID: 34268701 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-02816-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) contribute to matrix remodeling in diabetes via tissue degradation; however, their contributions can be different depending on the pathology. For instance, MMPs are elevated in acute stress hyperglycemia, whereas they can be degraded in chronic hyperglycemia. Since studies emphasize the possible cardioprotective effect of ticagrelor (Tica) beyond its antiplatelet action, we aimed to examine whether Tica treatment can reverse the depressed heart function of metabolic syndrome (MetS) rats via affecting the expression levels of MMPs. Tica treatment of high-carbohydrate-induced MetS rats could not affect significantly the depressed contractile activity of Langendorff-perfused heart preparations. On the other hand, the Tica treatment provided a significant recovery in the reduced relaxation activity of the aortic preparations from the same animals. Histological examination of the hearts demonstrated marked damages in Mets rats, such as increases in the number of foamy cells and accumulation of collagen fiber and increases in the elastic lamellar irregularity of tunica media, while Tica treatment provided a slight improvement in the structure of left ventricle tissue. We also could not obtain a significant reverse in the high cytosolic labile Zn2+ ([Zn2+]i) with the treatment of cardiomyocytes with Tica. Furthermore, Tica treatment of MetS rats could not significantly reverse the degraded protein levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in the heart, as well. Overall, we demonstrated that Tica treatment of MetS rats has no significant benefits on the depressed heart function, although provide a significant beneficial impact on vascular relaxation. This action of Tica may be through its lack of action on both MMP degradation and high [Zn2+]i, which can further precipitate in cleavage of extracellular matrix in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Olgar
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Erkan Tuncay
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Deniz Billur
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Belma Turan
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Lokman Hekim University, Ankara, Turkey.
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Astaxanthin Enhances Gingival Wound Healing following High Glucose-Induced Oxidative Stress. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:4043105. [PMID: 35392260 PMCID: PMC8983170 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4043105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Fibroblasts of the gingiva play a key role in oral wound healing in diabetes. In this study, effects of astaxanthin (ASTX), a xanthophyll carotenoid, were tested on gingival fibroblasts in a wound healing assay in vitro. The aim of this study was to determine whether ASTX can recover delayed wound healing or not when oxidative stress is elevated by high glucose exposure. For this purpose, human gingival fibroblasts were incubated with or without ASTX following exposure to systemic doses of low glucose (LG) and high glucose (HG) in culture media (5- and 25-, 50 mM D-glucose in DMEM Ham's F12) following 24 hours of incubation. Levels of ROS (Reactive oxygen species) were determined for each experimental group by confocal microscopy. Cell proliferation and viability were assessed by an automated cell counter with trypan blue assay. Wound healing assay was designed in 60 mm petri dishes. Cells were exposed to 5-, 25-, and 50 mM glucose for 24 hours, and a straight line free of cells was created upon full confluency. 100 μM ASTX was added to the recovery group, simultaneously. Cells were monitored with JuLIⓇ-Br Cell History Recorder. ROS levels were significantly increased with increasing glucose levels, while cell proliferation and viability demonstrated a negative correlation with increasing oxidative stress. ROS levels significantly decreased in the 100 μM ASTX-treated group compared to the gingival fibroblasts treated with 50 mM HG medium-only, as well as growth rate and viability. Wound healing was delayed in a dose-dependent manner following high glucose exposure, while ASTX treatment recovered wounded area by 1.16-fold in the 50 mM HG group. Our results demonstrated that ASTX enhances gingival wound healing through its antioxidative properties following high glucose induced oxidative stress. Therefore, ASTX can be suggested as a promising candidate to maintain oral health in chronic wounds of the oral tissues related to diabetes.
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The Oxidative Balance Orchestrates the Main Keystones of the Functional Activity of Cardiomyocytes. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:7714542. [PMID: 35047109 PMCID: PMC8763515 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7714542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review is aimed at providing an overview of the key hallmarks of cardiomyocytes in physiological and pathological conditions. The main feature of cardiac tissue is the force generation through contraction. This process requires a conspicuous energy demand and therefore an active metabolism. The cardiac tissue is rich of mitochondria, the powerhouses in cells. These organelles, producing ATP, are also the main sources of ROS whose altered handling can cause their accumulation and therefore triggers detrimental effects on mitochondria themselves and other cell components thus leading to apoptosis and cardiac diseases. This review highlights the metabolic aspects of cardiomyocytes and wanders through the main systems of these cells: (a) the unique structural organization (such as different protein complexes represented by contractile, regulatory, and structural proteins); (b) the homeostasis of intracellular Ca2+ that represents a crucial ion for cardiac functions and E-C coupling; and (c) the balance of Zn2+, an ion with a crucial impact on the cardiovascular system. Although each system seems to be independent and finely controlled, the contractile proteins, intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis, and intracellular Zn2+ signals are strongly linked to each other by the intracellular ROS management in a fascinating way to form a "functional tetrad" which ensures the proper functioning of the myocardium. Nevertheless, if ROS balance is not properly handled, one or more of these components could be altered resulting in deleterious effects leading to an unbalance of this "tetrad" and promoting cardiovascular diseases. In conclusion, this "functional tetrad" is proposed as a complex network that communicates continuously in the cardiomyocytes and can drive the switch from physiological to pathological conditions in the heart.
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Abstract
Zinc is an essential trace element due to its role as a key part of human enzymatic activity. As a cofactor in metalloenzymes and metalloproteins, zinc participates in diverse biological functions, including gene transcription, translation, and replication, phagocytosis, and immunoglobulin and cytokine production. In this review, we will focus on the role of zinc in the cardiovascular system, including heart failure, vascular calcification, and myocardial infarction. We will further highlight the role of zinc in cardiovascular pathology in individuals with chronic kidney disease, and type II diabetes mellitus, groups uniquely at risk for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
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Ticagrelor alleviates high-carbohydrate intake induced altered electrical activity of ventricular cardiomyocytes by regulating sarcoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria miscommunication. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:3827-3844. [PMID: 34114148 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04205-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with additional cardiovascular risk in mammalians while there are relationships between hyperglycemia-associated cardiovascular dysfunction and increased platelet P2Y12 receptor activation. Although P2Y12 receptor antagonist ticagrelor (Tica) plays roles in reduction of cardiovascular events, its beneficial mechanism remains poorly understood. Therefore, we aimed to clarify whether Tica can exert a direct protective effect in ventricular cardiomyocytes from high-carbohydrate diet-induced MetS rats, at least, through affecting sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR)-mitochondria (Mit) miscommunication. Tica treatment of MetS rats (150 mg/kg/day for 15 days) significantly reversed the altered parameters of action potentials by reversing sarcolemmal ionic currents carried by voltage-dependent Na+ and K+ channels, and Na+/Ca2+-exchanger in the cells, expressed P2Y12 receptors. The increased basal-cytosolic Ca2+ level and depressed SR Ca2+ load were also reversed in Tica-treated cells, at most, though recoveries in the phosphorylation levels of ryanodine receptors and phospholamban. Moreover, there were marked recoveries in Mit structure and function (including increases in both autophagosomes and fragmentations) together with recoveries in Mit proteins and the factors associated with Ca2+ transfer between SR-Mit. There were further significant recoveries in markers of both ER stress and oxidative stress. Taken into consideration the Tica-induced prevention of ER stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, our data provided an important document on the pleiotropic effects of Tica in the electrical activity of the cardiomyocytes from MetS rats. This protective effect seems through recoveries in SR-Mit miscommunication besides modulation of different sarcolemmal ion-channel activities, independent of P2Y12 receptor antagonism.
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Figueroa EE, Denton JS. Zinc pyrithione activates the volume-regulated anion channel through an antioxidant-sensitive mechanism. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2021; 320:C1088-C1098. [PMID: 33826406 PMCID: PMC8285639 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00070.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Leucine-rich repeat-containing 8 (LRRC8) volume-regulated anion channels (VRACs) play important physiological roles in diverse cell types and may represent therapeutic targets for various diseases. To date, however, the pharmacological tools for evaluating the druggability of VRACs have been limited to inhibitors, as no activators of the channel have been reported. We therefore performed a fluorescence-based high-throughput screening (HTS) of 1,184 Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs for compounds that increase VRAC activity. The most potent VRAC potentiator identified was zinc pyrithione (ZPT), which is used commercially as an antifouling agent and for treating dandruff and other skin disorders. In intracellular Yellow Fluorescent Protein YFP(F46L/H148Q/I152L)-quenching assays, ZPT potentiates the rate and extent of swelling-induced iodide influx dose dependently with a half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) of 5.7 µM. Whole cell voltage-clamp experiments revealed that coapplication of hypotonic solution and 30 µM ZPT to human embryonic kidney 293 or human colorectal carcinoma 116 cells increases the rate of swelling-induced VRAC activation by approximately 10-fold. ZPT potentiates swelling-induced VRAC currents after currents have reached a steady state and activates currents in the absence of cell swelling. Neither ZnCl2 nor free pyrithione activated VRAC; however, treating cells with a mixture of ZnCl2 and pyrithione led to robust channel activation. Finally, the effects of ZPT on VRAC were inhibited by reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and NAD(P)H oxidase inhibitor diphenyleneiodonium chloride, suggesting the mechanism of action involves ROS generation. The discovery of ZPT as a potentiator/activator of VRAC demonstrates the utility of HTS for identifying small-molecule modulators of VRAC and adds to a growing repertoire of pharmacological tool compounds for probing the molecular physiology and regulation of this important channel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric E. Figueroa
- 1Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jerod S. Denton
- 1Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee,2Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee,3Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt
University, Nashville, Tennessee
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Alyu F, Olgar Y, Degirmenci S, Turan B, Ozturk Y. Interrelated In Vitro Mechanisms of Sibutramine-Induced Cardiotoxicity. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2021; 21:322-335. [PMID: 33389602 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-020-09622-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Consumption of illicit pharmaceutical products containing sibutramine has been reported to cause cardiovascular toxicity problems. This study aimed to demonstrate the toxicity profile of sibutramine, and thereby provide important implications for the development of more effective strategies in both clinical approaches and drug design studies. Action potentials (APs) were determined from freshly isolated ventricular cardiomyocytes with whole-cell configuration of current clamp as online. The maximum amplitude of APs (MAPs), the resting membrane potential (RMP), and AP duration from the repolarization phases were calculated from original records. The voltage-dependent K+-channel currents (IK) were recorded in the presence of external Cd2+ and both inward and outward parts of the current were calculated, while their expression levels were determined with qPCR. The levels of intracellular free Ca2+ and H+ (pHi) as well as reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured using either a ratiometric micro-spectrofluorometer or confocal microscope. The mechanical activity of isolated hearts was observed with Langendorff-perfusion system. Acute sibutramine applications (10-8-10-5 M) induced significant alterations in both MAPs and RMP as well as the repolarization phases of APs and IK in a concentration-dependent manner. Sibutramine (10 μM) induced Ca2+-release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum under either electrical or caffeine stimulation, whereas it depressed left ventricular developed pressure with a marked decrease in the end-diastolic pressure. pHi inhibition by sibutramine supports the observed negative alterations in contractility. Changes in mRNA levels of different IK subunits are consistent with the acute inhibition of the repolarizing IK, affecting AP parameters, and provoke the cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feyza Alyu
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Yunus Emre Campus, 26470, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Olgar
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, 06230, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sinan Degirmenci
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, 06230, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Belma Turan
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, 06230, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Lokman Hekim University, 06230, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Ozturk
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Yunus Emre Campus, 26470, Eskisehir, Turkey.
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The role of labile Zn 2+ and Zn 2+-transporters in the pathophysiology of mitochondria dysfunction in cardiomyocytes. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 476:971-989. [PMID: 33225416 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03964-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
An important energy supplier of cardiomyocytes is mitochondria, similar to other mammalian cells. Studies have demonstrated that any defect in the normal processes controlled by mitochondria can lead to abnormal ROS production, thereby high oxidative stress as well as lack of ATP. Taken into consideration, the relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction and overproduction of ROS as well as the relation between increased ROS and high-level release of intracellular labile Zn2+, those bring into consideration the importance of the events related with those stimuli in cardiomyocytes responsible from cellular Zn2+-homeostasis and responsible Zn2+-transporters associated with the Zn2+-homeostasis and Zn2+-signaling. Zn2+-signaling, controlled by cellular Zn2+-homeostatic mechanisms, is regulated with intracellular labile Zn2+ levels, which are controlled, especially, with the two Zn2+-transporter families; ZIPs and ZnTs. Our experimental studies in mammalian cardiomyocytes and human heart tissue showed that Zn2+-transporters localizes to mitochondria besides sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum and Golgi under physiological condition. The protein levels as well as functions of those transporters can re-distribute under pathological conditions, therefore, they can interplay among organelles in cardiomyocytes to adjust a proper intracellular labile Zn2+ level. In the present review, we aimed to summarize the already known Zn2+-transporters localize to mitochondria and function to stabilize not only the cellular Zn2+ level but also cellular oxidative stress status. In conclusion, one can propose that a detailed understanding of cellular Zn2+-homeostasis and Zn2+-signaling through mitochondria may emphasize the importance of new mitochondria-targeting agents for prevention and/or therapy of cardiovascular dysfunction in humans.
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12
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Li N, Zhou H. SGLT2 Inhibitors: A Novel Player in the Treatment and Prevention of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2020; 14:4775-4788. [PMID: 33192053 PMCID: PMC7654518 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s269514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) characterized by diastolic and systolic dysfunction independently of hypertension and coronary heart disease, eventually develops into heart failure, which is strongly linked to a high prevalence of mortality in people with diabetes mellitus (DM). Sodium-glucose cotransporter type2 inhibitors (SGLT2Is) are a novel type of hypoglycemic agent in increasing urinary glucose and sodium excretion. Excitingly, the EMPA-REG clinical trial proved that empagliflozin significantly reduced the relative risk of cardiovascular (CV) death and hospitalization for heart failure (HHF) in patients with type 2 DM (T2DM) plus CV disease (CVD). The EMPRISE trial showed that empagliflozin decreased the risk of HHF in T2DM patients with and without a CVD history in routine care. These beneficial effects of SGLT2Is could not be entirely attributed to glucose-lowering or natriuretic action. There could be potential direct mechanisms of SGLT2Is in cardioprotection. Recent studies have shown the effects of SGLT2Is on cardiac iron homeostasis, mitochondrial function, anti-inflammation, anti-fibrosis, antioxidative stress, and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system activity, as well as GlcNAcylation in the heart. This article reviews the current literature on the effects of SGLT2Is on DCM in preclinical studies. Possible molecular mechanisms regarding potential benefits of SGLT2Is for DCM are highlighted, with the purpose of providing a novel strategy for preventing DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, People's Republic of China
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Dong S, Tu C, Ye X, Li L, Zhang M, Xue A, Chen S, Zhao Z, Cong B, Lin J, Shen Y. Expression profiling of circular RNAs and their potential role in early‑stage diabetic cardiomyopathy. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:1958-1968. [PMID: 32705182 PMCID: PMC7411360 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a severe cardiovascular complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). Detecting DCM during the early stages of the disease remains a challenge, as the molecular mechanisms underlying early‑stage DCM are not clearly understood. Circular RNA (circRNA), a type of non‑coding RNA, has been confirmed to be associated with numerous diseases. However, it is still unclear how circRNAs are involved in early‑stage DCM. In the present study, heart tissues harvested from BKS‑db/db knock‑out mice were identified through high‑throughput RNA sequencing technology. A total of 58 significantly differentially expressed circRNAs were identified in the db/db sample. Among these, six upregulated circRNAs and seven downregulated circRNAs were detected by reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR and analyzed using Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes. Furthermore, based on the predicted binding site with microRNAs (miRNAs) involved in DCM, five circRNAs (mmu_circ_0000652, mmu_circ_0000547, mmu_circ_0001058, mmu_circ_0000680 and novel_circ_0004285) were shown to serve as competing endogenous (ce)RNAs. The corresponding miRNAs and mRNAs of the ceRNAs were also verified, and two promising circRNA‑miRNA‑mRNA regulatory networks were determined. Finally, internal ribosome entry site prediction combined with open reading frame prediction indicated that it was highly possible that mmu_circ_0001160 encoded a protein. In the present study, a comprehensive analysis of the circRNA expression profile during the early phase of DCM was performed, and two promising circRNA‑miRNA‑mRNA regulatory networks were identified. These results lay the foundation for unravelling the underlying pathogenesis of DCM, and highlight potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for the treatment of DCM at an early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengzhong Dong
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Chunyan Tu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Xing Ye
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Liliang Li
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Mingchang Zhang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Aimin Xue
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Shangheng Chen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Ziqin Zhao
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Bin Cong
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, P.R. China
| | - Junyi Lin
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Yiwen Shen
- Department of Forensic Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
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Thokala S, Bodiga VL, Kudle MR, Bodiga S. Comparative Response of Cardiomyocyte ZIPs and ZnTs to Extracellular Zinc and TPEN. Biol Trace Elem Res 2019; 192:297-307. [PMID: 30778755 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-019-01671-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular zinc concentrations are tightly regulated by the coordinated regulation of ZIPs and ZnTs. Very little is known about the regulation of these transporters in cardiomyocytes, in response to extracellular zinc. Adult rat cardiomyocytes express ZnTs 1, 2, 5, and 9, in addition to ZIPs 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 13, and 14. We have determined the intracellular free zinc levels using Zinpyr-1 fluorescence and studied response of ZIP and ZnT mRNA by real-time PCR to the changes in extracellular zinc and TPEN in adult rat ventricular myocytes. TPEN downregulated ZnT1, ZnT2, and ZIP11 mRNAs but upregulated ZnT5, ZIP2, ZIP7, ZIP10, ZIP13, and ZIP14 mRNAs. Zinc supplementation upregulated ZnT1, ZnT2 mRNA but downregulated ZnT5, ZIP1, ZIP2, ZIP3, ZIP7, ZIP9, and ZIP10 mRNA. The negative regulation of ZIPs by zinc excess can be explained in terms of zinc homeostasis as these transporters may act to protect cells from zinc over accumulation by reducing zinc influx when the extracellular concentration of zinc is high. Similarly, the ZnT expression appears to be regulated to avoid loss of zinc from the intracellular milieu, under zinc-deficient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandhya Thokala
- Department of Biochemistry, Kakatiya University, Vidyaranyapuri, Warangal Urban, Telangana, India
| | - Vijaya Lakshmi Bodiga
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Hospital for Genetic Diseases, Osmania University, Begumpet, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Madhukar Rao Kudle
- Department of Biochemistry, Kakatiya University, Vidyaranyapuri, Warangal Urban, Telangana, India
| | - Sreedhar Bodiga
- Department of Biochemistry, Kakatiya University, Vidyaranyapuri, Warangal Urban, Telangana, India.
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Mitochondria-Targeting Antioxidant Provides Cardioprotection through Regulation of Cytosolic and Mitochondrial Zn 2+ Levels with Re-Distribution of Zn 2+-Transporters in Aged Rat Cardiomyocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20153783. [PMID: 31382470 PMCID: PMC6695787 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20153783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is an important risk factor for cardiac dysfunction. Heart during aging exhibits a depressed mechanical activity, at least, through mitochondria-originated increases in ROS. Previously, we also have shown a close relationship between increased ROS and cellular intracellular free Zn2+ ([Zn2+]i) in cardiomyocytes under pathological conditions as well as the contribution of some re-expressed levels of Zn2+-transporters for redistribution of [Zn2+]i among suborganelles. Therefore, we first examined the cellular (total) [Zn2+] and then determined the protein expression levels of Zn2+-transporters in freshly isolated ventricular cardiomyocytes from 24-month rat heart compared to those of 6-month rats. The [Zn2+]i in the aged-cardiomyocytes was increased, at most, due to increased ZIP7 and ZnT8 with decreased levels of ZIP8 and ZnT7. To examine redistribution of the cellular [Zn2+]i among suborganelles, such as Sarco/endoplasmic reticulum, S(E)R, and mitochondria ([Zn2+]SER and [Zn2+]Mit), a cell model (with galactose) to mimic the aged-cell in rat ventricular cell line H9c2 was used and demonstrated that there were significant increases in [Zn2+]Mit with decreases in [Zn2+]SER. In addition, the re-distribution of these Zn2+-transporters were markedly changed in mitochondria (increases in ZnT7 and ZnT8 with no changes in ZIP7 and ZIP8) and S(E)R (increase in ZIP7 and decrease in ZnT7 with no changes in both ZIP8 and ZnT8) both of them isolated from freshly isolated ventricular cardiomyocytes from aged-rats. Furthermore, we demonstrated that cellular levels of ROS, both total and mitochondrial lysine acetylation (K-Acetylation), and protein-thiol oxidation were significantly high in aged-cardiomyocytes from 24-month old rats. Using a mitochondrial-targeting antioxidant, MitoTEMPO (1 µM, 5-h incubation), we provided an important data associated with the role of mitochondrial-ROS production in the [Zn2+]i-dyshomeostasis of the ventricular cardiomyocytes from 24-month old rats. Overall, our present data, for the first time, demonstrated that a direct mitochondria-targeting antioxidant treatment can be a new therapeutic strategy during aging in the heart through a well-controlled [Zn2+] distribution among cytosol and suborganelles with altered expression levels of the Zn2+-transporters.
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16
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Ischia J, Bolton DM, Patel O. Why is it worth testing the ability of zinc to protect against ischaemia reperfusion injury for human application. Metallomics 2019; 11:1330-1343. [PMID: 31204765 DOI: 10.1039/c9mt00079h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Ischaemia (interruption in the blood/oxygen supply) and subsequent damage induced by reperfusion (restoration of blood/oxygen supply) ultimately leads to cell death, tissue injury and permanent organ dysfunction. The impact of ischaemia reperfusion injury (IRI) is not limited to heart attack and stroke but can be extended to patients undergoing surgeries such as partial nephrectomy for renal cancer, liver resection for colorectal cancer liver metastasis, cardiopulmonary bypass, and organ transplantation. Unfortunately, there are no drugs that can protect organs against the inevitable peril of IRI. Recent data show that a protocol incorporating specific Zn formulation, dosage, number of dosages, time of injection, and mode of Zn delivery (intravenous) and testing of efficacy in a large preclinical sheep model of IRI strongly supports human trials of Zn preconditioning. No doubt, scepticism still exists among funding bodies and research fraternity on whether Zn, a naturally occurring metal, will work where everything else has failed. Therefore, in this article, we review the conflicting evidence on the promoter and protector role of Zn in the case of IRI and highlight factors that may help explain the contradictory evidence. Finally, we review the literature related to the knowledge of Zn's mechanism of action on ROS generation, apoptosis, HIF activation, inflammation, and signal transduction pathways, which highlight Zn's likelihood of success compared to various other interventions targeting IRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Ischia
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Studley Rd., Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia. and Department of Urology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Damien M Bolton
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Studley Rd., Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia. and Department of Urology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Oneel Patel
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Studley Rd., Heidelberg, Victoria 3084, Australia.
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Turan B. A Brief Overview from the Physiological and Detrimental Roles of Zinc Homeostasis via Zinc Transporters in the Heart. Biol Trace Elem Res 2019; 188:160-176. [PMID: 30091070 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-018-1464-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Zinc (mostly as free/labile Zn2+) is an essential structural constituent of many proteins, including enzymes in cellular signaling pathways via functioning as an important signaling molecule in mammalian cells. In cardiomyocytes at resting condition, intracellular labile Zn2+ concentration ([Zn2+]i) is in the nanomolar range, whereas it can increase dramatically under pathological conditions, including hyperglycemia, but the mechanisms that affect its subcellular redistribution is not clear. Therefore, overall, very little is known about the precise mechanisms controlling the intracellular distribution of labile Zn2+, particularly via Zn2+ transporters during cardiac function under both physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Literature data demonstrated that [Zn2+]i homeostasis in mammalian cells is primarily coordinated by Zn2+ transporters classified as ZnTs (SLC30A) and ZIPs (SLC39A). To identify the molecular mechanisms of diverse functions of labile Zn2+ in the heart, the recent studies focused on the discovery of subcellular localization of these Zn2+ transporters in parallel to the discovery of novel physiological functions of [Zn2+]i in cardiomyocytes. The present review summarizes the current understanding of the role of [Zn2+]i changes in cardiomyocytes under pathological conditions, and under high [Zn2+]i and how Zn2+ transporters are important for its subcellular redistribution. The emerging importance and the promise of some Zn2+ transporters for targeted cardiac therapy against pathological stimuli are also provided. Taken together, the review clearly outlines cellular control of cytosolic Zn2+ signaling by Zn2+ transporters, the role of Zn2+ transporters in heart function under hyperglycemia, the role of Zn2+ under increased oxidative stress and ER stress, and their roles in cancer are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belma Turan
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.
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18
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Oikonomou E, Mourouzis K, Fountoulakis P, Papamikroulis GA, Siasos G, Antonopoulos A, Vogiatzi G, Tsalamadris S, Vavuranakis M, Tousoulis D. Interrelationship between diabetes mellitus and heart failure: the role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in left ventricle performance. Heart Fail Rev 2019; 23:389-408. [PMID: 29453696 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-018-9682-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a common cardiac syndrome, whose pathophysiology involves complex mechanisms, some of which remain unknown. Diabetes mellitus (DM) constitutes not only a glucose metabolic disorder accompanied by insulin resistance but also a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and HF. During the last years though emerging data set up, a bidirectional interrelationship between these two entities. In the case of DM impaired calcium homeostasis, free fatty acid metabolism, redox state, and advance glycation end products may accelerate cardiac dysfunction. On the other hand, when HF exists, hypoperfusion of the liver and pancreas, b-blocker and diuretic treatment, and autonomic nervous system dysfunction may cause impairment of glucose metabolism. These molecular pathways may be used as therapeutic targets for novel antidiabetic agents. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) not only improve insulin resistance and glucose and lipid metabolism but also manifest a diversity of actions directly or indirectly associated with systolic or diastolic performance of left ventricle and symptoms of HF. Interestingly, they may beneficially affect remodeling of the left ventricle, fibrosis, and diastolic performance but they may cause impaired water handing, sodium retention, and decompensation of HF which should be taken into consideration in the management of patients with DM. In this review article, we present the pathophysiological data linking HF with DM and we focus on the molecular mechanisms of PPARs agonists in left ventricle systolic and diastolic performance providing useful insights in the molecular mechanism of this class of metabolically active regiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Oikonomou
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Vasilissis Sofias 114, TK, 115 28, Athens, Greece.
| | - Konstantinos Mourouzis
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Vasilissis Sofias 114, TK, 115 28, Athens, Greece
| | - Petros Fountoulakis
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Vasilissis Sofias 114, TK, 115 28, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Angelos Papamikroulis
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Vasilissis Sofias 114, TK, 115 28, Athens, Greece
| | - Gerasimos Siasos
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Vasilissis Sofias 114, TK, 115 28, Athens, Greece
| | - Alexis Antonopoulos
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Vasilissis Sofias 114, TK, 115 28, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgia Vogiatzi
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Vasilissis Sofias 114, TK, 115 28, Athens, Greece
| | - Sotiris Tsalamadris
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Vasilissis Sofias 114, TK, 115 28, Athens, Greece
| | - Manolis Vavuranakis
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Vasilissis Sofias 114, TK, 115 28, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris Tousoulis
- 1st Department of Cardiology, 'Hippokration' Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Vasilissis Sofias 114, TK, 115 28, Athens, Greece
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Tuncay E, Olgar Y, Durak A, Degirmenci S, Bitirim CV, Turan B. β 3 -adrenergic receptor activation plays an important role in the depressed myocardial contractility via both elevated levels of cellular free Zn 2+ and reactive nitrogen species. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:13370-13386. [PMID: 30613975 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Role of β3 -AR dysregulation, as either cardio-conserving or cardio-disrupting mediator, remains unknown yet. Therefore, we examined the molecular mechanism of β3 -AR activation in depressed myocardial contractility using a specific agonist CL316243 or using β3 -AR overexpressed cardiomyocytes. Since it has been previously shown a possible correlation between increased cellular free Zn2+ ([Zn2+ ]i ) and depressed cardiac contractility, we first demonstrated a relation between β3 -AR activation and increased [Zn2+ ]i , parallel to the significant depolarization in mitochondrial membrane potential in rat ventricular cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, the increased [Zn2+ ]i induced a significant increase in messenger RNA (mRNA) level of β3 -AR in cardiomyocytes. Either β3 -AR activation or its overexpression could increase cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) levels, in line with significant changes in nitric oxide (NO)-pathway, including increases in the ratios of pNOS3/NOS3 and pGSK-3β/GSK-3β, and PKG expression level in cardiomyocytes. Although β3 -AR activation induced depression in both Na+ - and Ca2+ -currents, the prolonged action potential (AP) seems to be associated with a marked depression in K+ -currents. The β3 -AR activation caused a negative inotropic effect on the mechanical activity of the heart, through affecting the cellular Ca2+ -handling, including its effect on Ca2+ -leakage from sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). Our cellular level data with β3 -AR agonism were supported with the data on high [Zn2+ ]i and β3 -AR protein-level in metabolic syndrome (MetS)-rat heart. Overall, our present data can emphasize the important deleterious effect of β3 -AR activation in cardiac remodeling under pathological condition, at least, through a cross-link between β3 -AR activation, NO-signaling, and [Zn2+ ]i pathways. Moreover, it is interesting to note that the recovery in ER-stress markers with β3 -AR agonism in hyperglycemic cardiomyocytes is favored. Therefore, how long and to which level the β3 -AR agonism would be friend or become foe remains to be mystery, yet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erkan Tuncay
- Department of Biophysics, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Olgar
- Department of Biophysics, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aysegul Durak
- Department of Biophysics, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sinan Degirmenci
- Department of Biophysics, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Belma Turan
- Department of Biophysics, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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20
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Tuncay E, Bitirim CV, Olgar Y, Durak A, Rutter GA, Turan B. Zn2+-transporters ZIP7 and ZnT7 play important role in progression of cardiac dysfunction via affecting sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum-mitochondria coupling in hyperglycemic cardiomyocytes. Mitochondrion 2019; 44:41-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2017.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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21
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Durak A, Olgar Y, Degirmenci S, Akkus E, Tuncay E, Turan B. A SGLT2 inhibitor dapagliflozin suppresses prolonged ventricular-repolarization through augmentation of mitochondrial function in insulin-resistant metabolic syndrome rats. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2018; 17:144. [PMID: 30447687 PMCID: PMC6240275 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-018-0790-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a prevalent risk factor for cardiac dysfunction. Although SGLT2-inhibitors have important cardioprotective effects in hyperglycemia, their underlying mechanisms are complex and not completely understood. Therefore, we examined mechanisms of a SGLT2-inhibitor dapagliflozin (DAPA)-related cardioprotection in overweight insulin-resistant MetS-rats comparison with insulin (INSU), behind its glucose-lowering effect. METHODS A 28-week high-carbohydrate diet-induced MetS-rats received DAPA (5 mg/kg), INSU (0.15 mg/kg) or vehicle for 2 weeks. To validate MetS-induction, we monitored all animals weekly by measuring body weight, blood glucose and HOMO-IR index, electrocardiograms, heart rate, systolic and diastolic pressures. RESULTS DAPA-treatment of MetS-rats significantly augmented the increased blood pressure, prolonged Q-R interval, and low heart rate with depressed left ventricular function and relaxation of the aorta. Prolonged-action potentials were preserved with DAPA-treatment, more prominently than INSU-treatment, at most, through the augmentation in depressed voltage-gated K+-channel currents. DAPA, more prominently than INSU-treatment, preserved the depolarized mitochondrial membrane potential, and altered mitochondrial protein levels such as Mfn-1, Mfn-2, and Fis-1 as well as provided significant augmentation in cytosolic Ca2+-homeostasis. Furthermore, DAPA also induced significant augmentation in voltage-gated Na+-currents and intracellular pH, and the cellular levels of increased oxidative stress, protein-thiol oxidation and ADP/ATP ratio in cardiomyocytes from MetS rats. Moreover, DAPA-treatment normalized the increases in the mRNA level of SGLT2 in MetS-rat heart. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our data provided a new insight into DAPA-associated cardioprotection in MetS rats, including suppression of prolonged ventricular-repolarization through augmentation of mitochondrial function and oxidative stress followed by improvement of fusion-fission proteins, out of its glucose-lowering effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysegul Durak
- Departments of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Olgar
- Departments of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sinan Degirmenci
- Departments of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Erman Akkus
- Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Erkan Tuncay
- Departments of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Belma Turan
- Departments of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.
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22
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Olgar Y, Turan B. A sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor dapagliflozin comparison with insulin shows important effects on Zn 2+-transporters in cardiomyocytes from insulin-resistant metabolic syndrome rats through inhibition of oxidative stress 1. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2018; 97:528-535. [PMID: 30444646 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2018-0466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors showed significant effects in patients with diabetes or metabolic syndrome (MetS) with high cardiovascular risk. Although the increased intracellular Zn2+ level ([Zn2+]i), oxidative stress, and altered cardiac matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in diabetic cardiomyopathy can intersect with different signaling pathways, the exact mechanisms are not known yet. Since either MMPs or SGLT2 have important roles in cardiac-fibrosis under hyperglycemia, we aimed to examine the role of SGLT2 inhibitor dapagliflozin (DAP) on cardiac Zn2+-transporters responsible for [Zn2+]i-regulation, comparison to insulin (INS), together with MMP levels and systemic oxidative stress status in MetS-rats. High-carbohydrated diet-induced MetS-rats received DAP or INS for 2 weeks. DAP but not INS in MetS-rats significantly decreased high blood-glucose levels, while both treatments exerted benefits on increased total oxidative status and decreased total antioxidant status in MetS-rat plasma as well as in heart tissue. Protein levels of Zn2+-transporters, responsible for Zn2+-influx into cytosol, ZIP7 and ZIP14 were increased with significant decrease in ZIP8 of MetS-rat cardiomyoctes, while Zn2+-transporters, responsible for cytosolic Zn2+-efflux, ZnT7 was decreased with no change in ZnT8. Both treatments induced significant beneficial effects on altered ZIP14, ZIP8, and ZnT7 levels. Furthermore, both treatments exerted benefits on depressed gelatin-zymography and protein expression levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in MetS-rat ventricular cardiomyocytes. The direct effect of DAP on heart was also confirmed with measurements of left ventricular developed pressure. Overall, we showed that DAP has important antioxidant-like cardio-protective effects in MetS-rats, similar to INS-effect, affecting Zn2+-regulation via Zn2+-transporters, MMPs, and oxidative stress. Therefore one can suggest that SGLT2 inhibitors can be new therapeutic agents for cardio-protection not only in hyperglycemia but also in failing heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf Olgar
- Departments of Biophysics and Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.,Departments of Biophysics and Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Belma Turan
- Departments of Biophysics and Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.,Departments of Biophysics and Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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Degirmenci S, Olgar Y, Durak A, Tuncay E, Turan B. Cytosolic increased labile Zn 2+ contributes to arrhythmogenic action potentials in left ventricular cardiomyocytes through protein thiol oxidation and cellular ATP depletion. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2018; 48:202-212. [PMID: 29773183 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2018.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular labile (free) Zn2+-level ([Zn2+]i) is low and increases markedly under pathophysiological conditions in cardiomyocytes. High [Zn2+]i is associated with alterations in excitability and ionic-conductances while exact mechanisms are not clarified yet. Therefore, we examined the elevated-[Zn2+]i on some sarcolemmal ionic-mechanisms, which can mediate cardiomyocyte dysfunction. High-[Zn2+]i induced significant changes in action potential (AP) parameters, including depolarization in resting membrane-potential and prolongations in AP-repolarizing phases. We detected also the time-dependent effects such as induction of spontaneous APs at the time of ≥ 3 min following [Zn2+]i increases, a manner of cellular ATP dependent and reversible with disulfide-reducing agent dithiothreitol, DTT. High-[Zn2+]i induced inhibitions in voltage-dependent K+-channel currents, such as transient outward K+-currents, Ito, steady-state currents, Iss and inward-rectifier K+-currents, IK1, reversible with DTT seemed to be responsible from the prolongations in APs. We, for the first time, demonstrated that lowering cellular ATP level induced significant decreaeses in both Iss and IK1, while no effect on Ito. However, the increased-[Zn2+]i could induce marked activation in ATP-sensitive K+-channel currents, IKATP, depending on low cellular ATP and thiol-oxidation levels of these channels. The mRNA levels of Kv4.3, Kv1.4 and Kv2.1 were depressed markedly with increased-[Zn2+]i with no change in mRNA level of Kv4.2, while the mRNA level of IKATP subunit, SUR2A was increased significantly with increased-[Zn2+]i, being reversible with DTT. Overall we demonstrated that high-[Zn2+]i, even if nanomolar levels, alters cardiac function via prolonged APs of cardiomyocytes, at most, due to inhibitions in voltage-dependent K+-currents, although activation of IKATP is playing cardioprotective role, through some biochemical changes in cellular ATP- and thiol-oxidation levels. It seems, a well-controlled [Zn2+]i can be novel therapeutic target for cardiac complications under pathological conditions including oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinan Degirmenci
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Olgar
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aysegul Durak
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Erkan Tuncay
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Belma Turan
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.
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Önder A, Adanır AS, Bilaç Ö, Kavurma C, Doğan Y, Sapmaz ŞY, Türkmen NB, Tekeş FA, Arslan R, Kurtses Gürsoy B, Öztürk B, Işıldar Y, Uzunoğlu GB, Bilgen N, Doğan B, Duman A, Memiş ÇÖ, Kocabaş O, Sevinçok L, Üçel Uİ, Demir Özkay Ü, Can ÖD, Akpınar K, Özdel Oİ, Bora ST, Buldukoğlu K, Karatoprak S, Dönmez YE, Özcan Ö, Altun H, Altun İ, Ardic FC, Kose S, Solmaz M, Kulacaoglu F, Balcioglu YH, Olğar Y, Turan B, Öztürk Y, Gelegen V, Tamam L, Aslan Ş, Çamlı N, Topak OZ, Tümkaya S, Ateşci FÇ, Metin O, Ray PC, Kaypakli GY, Eynalli E, Tahiroglu AY, Karci CK, Celik GG, Çimik A, Alyu F, Zıblak A, Kenar ANİ, Yücel NT, Barbaros MB, Eker D, Çimen E, Gündoğmuş İ, Algül A, Karagöz A, Kıyançiçek M, Kalcı P, Karaş H, Polat A, Alğan Z, İbiloğlu AO, İbiloglu İ, Aslaner D, Comlekci M, Sagir S, Basoglu T, Özen ME, Örüm MH, Kalenderoğlu A, Peltek G, Selek S, Atmaca M, Vural M, Aydın H, Yılmaz S, Öner Rİ, Karadağ AS, Kara MZ, Usta MB, Karabekiroğlu K, Şahin B, Aydın M, Bozkurt A, Karaosman T, Aral A, Çobanoğlu C, Kurt AD, Kesim N, Şahin İ, Ürer E, Eğilmez OB, Utkan T, Sahin TD, Gocmez SS, Yazir Y, Aricioglu F, Yurtdaş C, Zortul H, Yilmaz B, Arıcıoğlu F, Parlaktaş HK, Uçar AY, Yılmaz B, Kurtul N, Arıcı A, Yazar EM, Uzun N, Akça ÖF, Kılınç İ, Balcı T, Bayru O, Bertizlioğlu O, Yalçın FY, Bolu A, Akar H, Aydın MS, Doruk A, Mutu T, Yazici E, Guzel D, Erol A, Çiftçi E, Kaya H, Güleç H, Salah AA, Kalyoncu T, Çıldır DA, Ergüvendi F, Shamkhalova U, Gok EE, Altunbasak S, Dogankoc SB, Ovetti NHC, Metin Ö, Shamkhalova U. Poster Presentations. PSYCHIAT CLIN PSYCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/24750573.2018.1465020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Arif Önder
- Manisa Psychiatric Hospital, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Manisa, Turkey
- Manisa Mental Health Hospital, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Manisa, Turkey
- Manisa Mental Health Hospital, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Manisa, Turkey
- Manisa Mental Health Hospital, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry,Manisa, Turkey
| | - Aslı Sürer Adanır
- Akdeniz University School of Medicine, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Antalya, Turkey
- Akdeniz University Hospital Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Öznur Bilaç
- Manisa Mental Health Hospital, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Manisa, Turkey
- Manisa Mental Health Hospital, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Manisa, Turkey
- Manisa Mental Health Hospital, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry,Manisa, Turkey
| | - Canem Kavurma
- Manisa Mental Health Hospital, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Manisa, Turkey
- Manisa Mental Health Hospital, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Manisa, Turkey
- Manisa Mental Health Hospital, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry,Manisa, Turkey
| | - Yakup Doğan
- Manisa Mental Health Hospital, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Manisa, Turkey
- Manisa Mental Health Hospital, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Manisa, Turkey
- Manisa Mental Health Hospital, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry,Manisa, Turkey
| | - Şermin Yalın Sapmaz
- Celal Bayar University School of Medicine, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Manisa, Turkey
- Celal Bayar University, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Manisa, Turkey
| | | | - Feyza Alyu Tekeş
- Anadolu University School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Department, Eskisehir, Turkey
- Anadolu University School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Rana Arslan
- Anadolu University School of Pharmacy, Pharmacology Department, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | | | - Büşra Öztürk
- Psychiatry Clinic, Düzce Atatürk State Hospital, Düzce, Turkey
| | - Yetiş Işıldar
- Manisa Mental Health Hospital, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Gülçin Bölük Uzunoğlu
- Manisa Mental Health Hospital, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Manisa, Turkey
| | - Nuran Bilgen
- Psychiatry Department, Adnan Menderes University School of Medicine, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Bilge Doğan
- Psychiatry Department, Adnan Menderes University School of Medicine, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Ali Duman
- Emergency Department, Adnan Menderes University School of Medicine, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Çağdaş Öykü Memiş
- Psychiatry Department, Adnan Menderes University School of Medicine, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Oktay Kocabaş
- Psychiatry Department, Adnan Menderes University School of Medicine, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Levent Sevinçok
- Psychiatry Department, Adnan Menderes University School of Medicine, Aydın, Turkey
| | - Umut İrfan Üçel
- Pharmacology, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Ümide Demir Özkay
- Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
- Department of Pharmacology, Anadolu University School of Pharmacy, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Özgür Devrim Can
- Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
- Department of Pharmacology, Anadolu University School of Pharmacy, Eskişehir, Turkey
- Department of Pharmacology, Anadolu University School of Pharmacy, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Kemal Akpınar
- Pamukkale University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Osman İsmail Özdel
- Pamukkale University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Sultan Taş Bora
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Akdeniz University School of Nursing, Antalya, Türkiye
| | | | - Serdar Karatoprak
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Inonu University School of Medicine, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Yunus Emre Dönmez
- Child and Adolescent Outpatient Clinic, Malatya Research and Training Hospital, Malatya/Turkey
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Malatya Research and Training Hospital, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Özlem Özcan
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Inonu University School of Medicine, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Hatice Altun
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University School of Medicine, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University School of Medicine, Kahramanmaras,Turkey
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University School of Medicine, Kahramanmaras,Turkey
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University School of Medicine, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
| | - İdiris Altun
- Department of Neurosurgery, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University School of Medicine, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
| | - Ferhat Can Ardic
- Health Sciences University, Bagcilar Research and Training Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Samet Kose
- University of Texas Medical School of Houston, TX, USA and Center for Neurobehavioral Research on Addictions, Houston, TX, USA
- Hasan Kalyoncu University Department of Psychology, Gaziantep, Turkey
- University of Texas Medical School of Houston, TX, USA and Center for Neurobehavioral Research on Addictions, Houston, TX, USA
- Hasan Kalyoncu University Department of Psychology, Gaziantep, Turkey; University of Texas Medical School of Houston, TX, USA and Center for Neurobehavioral Research on Addictions, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mustafa Solmaz
- Health Sciences University, Bagcilar Research and Training Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Filiz Kulacaoglu
- Health Sciences University, Bagcilar Research and Training Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yasin Hasan Balcioglu
- Bakirkoy Research and Training Hospital for Psychiatry, Neurology and Neurosurgery, Forensic Psychiatry Unit, Istanbul, Turkey
- Bakirkoy Prof. Mazhar Osman Research and Training Hospital for Psychiatry, Neurology, and Neurosurgery, Forensic Psychiatry Unit, Istanbul, Turkey
- Bakirkoy Prof. Mazhar Osman Research and Training Hospital for Psychiatry, Neurology, and Neurosurgery, Forensic Psychiatry Unit, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Olğar
- Ankara University School of Medicine, Department of Biophysics, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Belma Turan
- Ankara University School of Medicine, Department of Biophysics, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Öztürk
- Anadolu University School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Eskisehir, Turkey
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskisehir
| | - Volkan Gelegen
- Osmaniye State Hospital, Psychiatry Clinic, Osmaniye, Turkey
- Osmaniye State Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Osmaniye, Turkey
| | - Lut Tamam
- Cukurova University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Adana, Turkey
- Cukurova University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Adana, Turkey
| | - Şerife Aslan
- Pamukkale University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Nevzat Çamlı
- Pamukkale University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Osman Zülkif Topak
- Pamukkale University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Selim Tümkaya
- Pamukkale University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Figen Çulha Ateşci
- Pamukkale University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Ozge Metin
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Cukurova University School of Medicine, Adana, Turkey
| | - Perihan Cam Ray
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Cukurova University School of Medicine, Adana, Turkey
| | - Gamze Yapca Kaypakli
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Cukurova University School of Medicine, Adana, Turkey
| | - Ezgi Eynalli
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Cukurova University School of Medicine, Adana, Turkey
| | - Aysegul Yolga Tahiroglu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Cukurova University School of Medicine, Adana, Turkey
| | - Canan Kuygun Karci
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Clinic, Adana Ekrem Tok Psychiatry Hospital, Adana, Turkey
- Adana Ekrem Tok Psychiatry Hospital, Adana, Turkey
| | - Gonca Gul Celik
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Cukurova University School of Medicine, Adana, Turkey
| | - Alper Çimik
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskisehir
| | - Feyza Alyu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskisehir
| | - Alper Zıblak
- Pamukkale University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Denizli, Turkey
- Department of Psychiatry, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Nur İnci Kenar
- Pamukkale University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Denizli, Turkey
- Department of Psychiatry, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Nazlı Turan Yücel
- Department of Pharmacology, Anadolu University School of Pharmacy, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Burak Barbaros
- Department of Pharmacology, Anadolu University, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Dilan Eker
- Department of Pharmacology, Anadolu University, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Esen Çimen
- Department of Psychiatry, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - İbrahim Gündoğmuş
- Sultan Abdulhamid Han Research and Training Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Istanbul
| | - Ayhan Algül
- Sultan Abdulhamid Han Research and Training Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Istanbul
| | - Abdulkadir Karagöz
- Sultan Abdulhamid Han Research and Training Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Istanbul
| | - Murat Kıyançiçek
- Sultan Abdulhamid Han Research and Training Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Istanbul
| | - Pelin Kalcı
- Beykent University, Department of Psychology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hakan Karaş
- Beykent University, Department of Psychology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aslıhan Polat
- Kocaeli University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Zehra Alğan
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Inonu University School of Medicine, Malatya, Turkey
| | | | - İbrahim İbiloglu
- Dicle University School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Diyarbakir, Turkey
| | - Dilek Aslaner
- Health Sciences University, Bagcilar Research and Training Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mevlut Comlekci
- Health Sciences University, Bagcilar Research and Training Hospital, Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Selim Sagir
- Health Sciences University, Bagcilar Research and Training Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tuba Basoglu
- Bezmi Alem Vakif University Research & Training Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Murat Eren Özen
- Psychiatry Clinic, Private Adana Hospital, Adana, Turkey
- Psychiatry Clinic, Private Adana Hospital, Adana, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Hamdi Örüm
- Department of Psychiatry, Adiyaman University School of Medicine, Adiyaman, Turkey
- Department of Psychiatry, Adiyaman University School of Medicine, Adiyaman, Turkey
- Department of Psychiatry, Adiyaman University School of Medicine, Adiyaman, Turkey
- Adiyaman University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Adiyaman, Turkey
- Department of Psychiatry, Adiyaman University School of Medicine, Adiyaman, Turkey
| | - Aysun Kalenderoğlu
- Department of Psychiatry, Adiyaman University School of Medicine, Adiyaman, Turkey
- Department of Psychiatry, Adiyaman University School of Medicine, Adiyaman, Turkey
- Department of Psychiatry, Adiyaman University School of Medicine, Adiyaman, Turkey
- Adiyaman University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Adiyaman, Turkey
- Department of Psychiatry, Adiyaman University School of Medicine, Adiyaman, Turkey
| | - Gülümser Peltek
- Department of Psychology, Heinrich Heine Dusseldorf University, Dusseldorf, Germany
| | - Salih Selek
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Centre at Houston, McGovern Medical School, Texas, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Health Science Centre, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Murad Atmaca
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
- Department of Psychiatry, Firat University School of Medicine, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Vural
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pendik State Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Halef Aydın
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Akçakale State Hospital, Şanlıurfa, Turkey
| | - Sedat Yılmaz
- Adiyaman University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Adiyaman, Turkey
| | - Ramazan İlyas Öner
- Adiyaman University School of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Adiyaman, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Sevgi Karadağ
- Adiyaman University School of Medicine, Department of Ophthalmology, Adiyaman, Turkey
| | - Mahmut Zabit Kara
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Adiyaman Research and Training Hospital, Adiyaman, Turkey
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Adiyaman University Research and Training Hospital, Adiyaman, Turkey
| | - Miraç Barış Usta
- Samsun Research and Training Hospital, Child Psychiatry Clinic, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Koray Karabekiroğlu
- Ondokuz Mayis University, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Berkan Şahin
- Igdir State Hospital, Child Psychiatry Clinic, Igdir, Turkey
| | - Muazzez Aydın
- Ondokuz Mayis University, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Bozkurt
- Konya Research and Training Hospital, Child Psychiatry Clinic, Konya, Turkey
| | - Tolga Karaosman
- Ondokuz Mayis University, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Armağan Aral
- Ondokuz Mayis University, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Cansu Çobanoğlu
- Ondokuz Mayis University, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Ayşegül Duman Kurt
- Ondokuz Mayis University, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Neriman Kesim
- Ondokuz Mayis University, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Samsun, Turkey
| | - İrem Şahin
- Ondokuz Mayis University, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Emre Ürer
- Ankara University, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Tijen Utkan
- Kocaeli University, School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Tugce Demirtas Sahin
- Kocaeli University, School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Semil Selcen Gocmez
- Kocaeli University, School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Yusufhan Yazir
- Kocaeli University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Feyza Aricioglu
- Marmara University, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Psychopharmacology Research Unit, Istanbul, Turkey
- Marmara University, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Psychopharmacology Research Unit, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cangül Yurtdaş
- Marmara University School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Psychopharmacology Research Unit, İstanbul, Turkey
- Marmara University, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Psychopharmacology Research Unit, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hacer Zortul
- Marmara University School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Psychopharmacology Research Unit, İstanbul, Turkey
- Marmara University, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Psychopharmacology Research Unit, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bayram Yilmaz
- Yeditepe University, School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Feyza Arıcıoğlu
- Marmara University School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Psychopharmacology Research Unit, İstanbul, Turkey
- Marmara University, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Psychopharmacology Research Unit, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hatice Kübra Parlaktaş
- Yeditepe University, School of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aylin Yaba Uçar
- Yeditepe University, School of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Bayram Yılmaz
- Yeditepe University, School of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Neslihan Kurtul
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University School of Medicine, Kahramanmaras,Turkey
| | - Asiye Arıcı
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University School of Medicine, Kahramanmaras,Turkey
| | - Ece Merve Yazar
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University School of Medicine, Kahramanmaras,Turkey
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University School of Medicine, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
| | - Necati Uzun
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Elazığ Psychiatry Hospital, Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Ömer Faruk Akça
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Necmettin Erbakan University Meram School of Medicine, Konya, Turkey
| | - İbrahim Kılınç
- Department of Biochemistry, Necmettin Erbakan University Meram School of Medicine, Konya, Turkey
| | - Tevfik Balcı
- Department of Biochemistry, Osmaniye Public Health Laboratory, Osmaniye, Turkey
| | - Ozge Bayru
- Marmara University, School of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Psychopharmacology Research Unit, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Osman Bertizlioğlu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University School of Medicine, Kahramanmaras, Turkey
| | | | - Abdullah Bolu
- Health Sciences University Gulhane School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hatice Akar
- Health Sciences University Gulhane School of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Sinan Aydın
- Health Sciences University Gulhane School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Ankara, Turkey
| | | | - Tuğba Mutu
- Department of Psychiatry, Sakarya University School of Medicine, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Esra Yazici
- Department of Psychiatry, Sakarya University School of Medicine, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Derya Guzel
- Department of Physiology, Sakarya University School of Medicine, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Atila Erol
- Department of Psychiatry, Sakarya University School of Medicine, Sakarya, Turkey
| | - Elvan Çiftçi
- Department of Psychiatry, Erenkoy Training and Resarch Hospital, Istanbul,Turkey
| | - Heysem Kaya
- Department of Computer Engineering, Namık Kemal University Corlu School of Engineering, Corlu, Tekirdag, Turkey
| | - Hüseyin Güleç
- Department of Psychiatry, Erenkoy Training and Resarch Hospital, Istanbul,Turkey
| | - Albert Ali Salah
- Department of Computer Engineering, Bogazici University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | | | | | - Ulkar Shamkhalova
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Cukurova University School of Medicine, Adana, Turkey
| | - Ezgi Eynallı Gok
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Cukurova University School of Medicine, Adana, Turkey
| | - Sakir Altunbasak
- Department of Child Neurology, Cukurova University School of Medicine, Adana, Turkey
| | - Seyda Besen Dogankoc
- Department of Child Neurology, Cukurova University School of Medicine, Adana, Turkey
| | | | - Özge Metin
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Cukurova University School of Medicine, Adana, Turkey
| | - Ulkhar Shamkhalova
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Cukurova University School of Medicine, Adana, Turkey
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Turan B, Tuncay E. Impact of Labile Zinc on Heart Function: From Physiology to Pathophysiology. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18112395. [PMID: 29137144 PMCID: PMC5713363 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc plays an important role in biological systems as bound and histochemically reactive labile Zn2+. Although Zn2+ concentration is in the nM range in cardiomyocytes at rest and increases dramatically under stimulation, very little is known about precise mechanisms controlling the intracellular distribution of Zn2+ and its variations during cardiac function. Recent studies are focused on molecular and cellular aspects of labile Zn2+ and its homeostasis in mammalian cells and growing evidence clarified the molecular mechanisms underlying Zn2+-diverse functions in the heart, leading to the discovery of novel physiological functions of labile Zn2+ in parallel to the discovery of subcellular localization of Zn2+-transporters in cardiomyocytes. Additionally, important experimental data suggest a central role of intracellular labile Zn2+ in excitation-contraction coupling in cardiomyocytes by shaping Ca2+ dynamics. Cellular labile Zn2+ is tightly regulated against its adverse effects through either Zn2+-transporters, Zn2+-binding molecules or Zn2+-sensors, and, therefore plays a critical role in cellular signaling pathways. The present review summarizes the current understanding of the physiological role of cellular labile Zn2+ distribution in cardiomyocytes and how a remodeling of cellular Zn2+-homeostasis can be important in proper cell function with Zn2+-transporters under hyperglycemia. We also emphasize the recent investigations on Zn2+-transporter functions from the standpoint of human heart health to diseases together with their clinical interest as target proteins in the heart under pathological condition, such as diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belma Turan
- Department of Biophysics, Ankara University, Faculty of Medicine, 06100 Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Erkan Tuncay
- Department of Biophysics, Ankara University, Faculty of Medicine, 06100 Ankara, Turkey.
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Bitirim CV, Tuncay E, Turan B. Demonstration of subcellular migration of CK2α localization from nucleus to sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum in mammalian cardiomyocytes under hyperglycemia. Mol Cell Biochem 2017; 443:25-36. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-017-3207-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Hu B, Wu Y, Tong F, Liu J, Shen X, Shen R, Xu G. Apocynin Alleviates Renal Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury Through Regulating the Level of Zinc and Metallothionen. Biol Trace Elem Res 2017; 178:71-78. [PMID: 27909865 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-016-0904-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to evaluate the protective effects of apocynin on renal ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury (RI/RI) in rats. Rats preconditioned with apocynin were subjected to renal I/R. Zinc levels in serum and renal tissues, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and serum creatinine (Scr) were detected. We further measured the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD); the content of malondialdehyde (MDA), IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α; and the expression of metallothionein (MT) in the renal tissues. Results indicated that the levels of MDA, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, and MT in the kidney tissue and serum BUN and Scr levels in RI/RI group were significantly higher than those in sham-operated group, while the levels of serum Zn and kidney Zn and SOD were reduced in RI/RI group. Apocynin treatment further decreased the levels of MDA, IL-6, TNF-α, and serum BUN and Scr, whereas it significantly increased the levels of Zn, SOD, IL-4, IL-10, and MT in the kidney tissue and serum Zn. These findings suggest that apocynin might play a protective role against RI/RI in rats through regulating zinc level and MT expression involving in oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Hu
- Department of Pathology and Nephrology, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 314001, Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhong Wu
- Department of Pathology and Nephrology, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 314001, Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Tong
- Department of Pathology, Provincial Key Discipline of Pharmacology, Jiaxing University Medical College, 314001, Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Pathology and Nephrology, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 314001, Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohua Shen
- Department of Pathology and Nephrology, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 314001, Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruilin Shen
- Department of Pathology and Nephrology, Jiaxing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 314001, Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangtao Xu
- Department of Pathology, Provincial Key Discipline of Pharmacology, Jiaxing University Medical College, 314001, Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, People's Republic of China.
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28
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Tuncay E, Bitirim VC, Durak A, Carrat GRJ, Taylor KM, Rutter GA, Turan B. Hyperglycemia-Induced Changes in ZIP7 and ZnT7 Expression Cause Zn 2+ Release From the Sarco(endo)plasmic Reticulum and Mediate ER Stress in the Heart. Diabetes 2017; 66:1346-1358. [PMID: 28232492 DOI: 10.2337/db16-1099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Changes in cellular free Zn2+ concentration, including those in the sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum [S(E)R], are primarily coordinated by Zn2+ transporters (ZnTs) whose identity and role in the heart are not well established. We hypothesized that ZIP7 and ZnT7 transport Zn2+ in opposing directions across the S(E)R membrane in cardiomyocytes and that changes in their activity play an important role in the development of ER stress during hyperglycemia. The subcellular S(E)R localization of ZIP7 and ZnT7 was determined in cardiomyocytes and in isolated S(E)R preparations. Markedly increased mRNA and protein levels of ZIP7 were observed in ventricular cardiomyocytes from diabetic rats or high-glucose-treated H9c2 cells while ZnT7 expression was low. In addition, we observed increased ZIP7 phosphorylation in response to high glucose in vivo and in vitro. By using recombinant-targeted Förster resonance energy transfer sensors, we show that hyperglycemia induces a marked redistribution of cellular free Zn2+, increasing cytosolic free Zn2+ and lowering free Zn2+ in the S(E)R. These changes involve alterations in ZIP7 phosphorylation and were suppressed by small interfering RNA-mediated silencing of CK2α. Opposing changes in the expression of ZIP7 and ZnT7 were also observed in hyperglycemia. We conclude that subcellular free Zn2+ redistribution in the hyperglycemic heart, resulting from altered ZIP7 and ZnT7 activity, contributes to cardiac dysfunction in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erkan Tuncay
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Verda C Bitirim
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aysegul Durak
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gaelle R J Carrat
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, U.K
| | - Kathryn M Taylor
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, U.K
| | - Guy A Rutter
- Section of Cell Biology and Functional Genomics, Division of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, U.K
| | - Belma Turan
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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29
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Billur D, Tuncay E, Okatan EN, Olgar Y, Durak AT, Degirmenci S, Can B, Turan B. Interplay Between Cytosolic Free Zn 2+ and Mitochondrion Morphological Changes in Rat Ventricular Cardiomyocytes. Biol Trace Elem Res 2016; 174:177-188. [PMID: 27107885 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-016-0704-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The Zn2+ in cardiomyocytes is buffered by structures near T-tubulus and/or sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum (S(E)R) while playing roles as either an antioxidant or a toxic agent, depending on the concentration. Therefore, we aimed first to examine a direct effect of ZnPO4 (extracellular exposure) or Zn2+ pyrithione (ZnPT) (intracellular exposure) application on the structure of the mitochondrion in ventricular cardiomyocytes by using histological investigations. The light microscopy data demonstrated that Zn2+ exposure induced marked increases on cellular surface area, an indication of hypertrophy, in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, a whole-cell patch-clamp measurement of cell capacitance also supported the hypertrophy in the cells. We observed marked increases in mitochondrial matrix/cristae area and matrix volume together with increased lysosome numbers in ZnPO4- or ZnPT-incubated cells by using transmission electron microscopy, again in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, we observed notable clustering and vacuolated mitochondrion, markedly disrupted and damaged myofibrils, and electron-dense small granules in Zn2+-exposed cells together with some implications of fission-fusion defects in the mitochondria. Moreover, we observed marked depolarization in mitochondrial membrane potential during 1-μM ZnPT minute applications by using confocal microscopy. We also showed that 1-μM ZnPT incubation induced significant increases in the phosphorylation levels of GSK3β (Ser21 and Ser9), Akt (Ser473), and NFκB (Ser276 and Thr254) together with increased expression levels in ER stress proteins such as GRP78 and calregulin. Furthermore, a new key player at ER-mitochondria sites, promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML) level, was markedly increased in ZnPT-incubated cells. As a summary, our present data suggest that increased cytosolic free Zn2+ can induce marked alterations in mitochondrion morphology as well as depolarization in mitochondrion membrane potential and changes in some cytosolic signaling proteins as well as a defect in ER-mitochondria cross talk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Billur
- Department of Histology-Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Erkan Tuncay
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Esma Nur Okatan
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Olgar
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aysegul Toy Durak
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sinan Degirmenci
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Belgin Can
- Department of Histology-Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Belma Turan
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, 06100, Ankara, Turkey.
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