Reference Intervals of Mineral Elements in Plasma of Anesthetized Free-Ranging Adult Females of South American Sea Lion, Otaria flavescens

Simultaneous quantification of 70 elements in biofluids within 5 min using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry to reveal elementomic phenotypes of healthy Chinese adults

High-throughput quantification of the composition of all chemical elements (elementome) in biological samples is essential for understanding their diverse functions in large cohort studies. We, here, established an ICP-MS method to simultaneously quantify 70 elements in 50 μL biofluids within 5 min. This validated method had excellent quantification linearity (R² > 0.998), sensitivity (with LOD as low as 1.0 ng/L), precision (CV<15%), accuracy (|RE|<20% except Hg), recovery (80-120%), throughput and coverage with minute samples. The method also showed good applicability to multiple biofluids including human serum, plasma, urine and goat serum samples. By using this method, we furture measured 70 elements in blood plasma samples from 758 Chinese adult participants and established the first reference intervals for the concentration of these elements from 127 healthy adults in this population. This offers a high-throughput quantitative elementomics method to define population elementomic phenotypes and for investigating the diverse biological functions of many elements in multiple biological matrices.