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Jazieh C, Arabi TZ, Asim Z, Sabbah BN, Alsaud AW, Alkattan K, Yaqinuddin A. Unraveling the epigenetic fabric of type 2 diabetes mellitus: pathogenic mechanisms and therapeutic implications. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1295967. [PMID: 38323108 PMCID: PMC10845351 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1295967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a rapidly escalating global health concern, with its prevalence projected to increase significantly in the near future. This review delves into the intricate role of epigenetic modifications - including DNA methylation, histone acetylation, and micro-ribonucleic acid (miRNA) expression - in the pathogenesis and progression of T2DM. We critically examine how these epigenetic changes contribute to the onset and exacerbation of T2DM by influencing key pathogenic processes such as obesity, insulin resistance, β-cell dysfunction, cellular senescence, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Furthermore, we explore the involvement of epigenetic dysregulation in T2DM-associated complications, including diabetic retinopathy, atherosclerosis, neuropathy, and cardiomyopathy. This review highlights recent studies that underscore the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of targeting epigenetic modifications in T2DM. We also provide an overview of the impact of lifestyle factors such as exercise and diet on the epigenetic landscape of T2DM, underscoring their relevance in disease management. Our synthesis of the current literature aims to illuminate the complex epigenetic underpinnings of T2DM, offering insights into novel preventative and therapeutic strategies that could revolutionize its management.
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Chase BA, Pocica S, Frigerio R, Markopoulou K, Maraganore DM, Aunaetitrakul N, Epshteyn A, Barboi AC. Mortality risk factors in newly diagnosed diabetic cardiac autonomic neuropathy. Clin Auton Res 2023; 33:903-907. [PMID: 37695385 DOI: 10.1007/s10286-023-00975-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bruce A Chase
- Department of Neurology, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Sylwia Pocica
- Department of Neurology, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Roberta Frigerio
- Department of Neurology, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Katerina Markopoulou
- Department of Neurology, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA
| | | | - Navamon Aunaetitrakul
- Department of Neurology, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Alexander Epshteyn
- Department of Health Information Technology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Skokie, IL, USA
| | - Alexandru C Barboi
- Department of Neurology, University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, USA.
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Zhang L, Du Q, Yao M, Wang M, Ge B. Balance Analysis of Peripheral Neuropathy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Based on Logistic Regression Equation. SCANNING 2022; 2022:2113758. [PMID: 35655714 PMCID: PMC9132714 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2113758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This paper analyzes the factors of peripheral neuropathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus and puts forward a balanced analysis of peripheral neuropathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus based on logistic regression equation. A total of 1192 eligible patients were selected as the study subjects. All selected patients underwent 75 g oral glucose tolerance test to measure fasting blood glucose and insulin and 2-hour postprandial blood glucose and 2-hour postprandial insulin, as well as neuroelectrophysiological examination. The results showed that the OR values of age, course of disease, fingertip blood glucose immediately after admission, and 2-hour blood glucose were greater than 1, and the P values were all less than 0.05, which were the risk factors of diabetic peripheral neuropathy. OR value of β cell function index (HBCI) is less than 1. P is less than 0.05, and it is a protective factor of diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Laboratory indicators are as follows: 75 g OGTT: 0-hour blood glucose, 2-hour blood glucose, and glycosylated hemoglobin; serum creatinine; glutamate transaminase; fibrinogen; ten items of hemoglobin; and indexes reflecting islet function: islet β is thin, and there are significant differences in cell function index, insulin resistance index, and insulin secretion index between the non-DPN group and DPN group. Age, course of disease, fingertip blood glucose immediately after admission, and blood glucose within 2 hours after admission were the risk factors for diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Islet β cell function index (HBCI) is a protective factor of diabetic peripheral neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixin Zhang
- Nursing Department, The Second Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
| | - Qianqian Du
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
| | - Manman Yao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
| | - Mai Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
| | - Bing Ge
- Pediatrics Department, The Second Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050000, China
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The Role of Epigenetic Modifications in Late Complications in Type 1 Diabetes. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13040705. [PMID: 35456511 PMCID: PMC9029845 DOI: 10.3390/genes13040705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes is a chronic autoimmune disease in which the destruction of pancreatic β cells leads to hyperglycemia. The prevention of hyperglycemia is very important to avoid or at least postpone the development of micro- and macrovascular complications, also known as late complications. These include diabetic retinopathy, chronic renal failure, diabetic neuropathy, and cardiovascular diseases. The impact of long-term hyperglycemia has been shown to persist long after the normalization of blood glucose levels, a phenomenon known as metabolic memory. It is believed that epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, and microRNAs, play an important role in metabolic memory. The aim of this review is to address the impact of long-term hyperglycemia on epigenetic marks in late complications of type 1 diabetes.
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C. Chi G, Liu Y, MacDonald JW, M. Reynolds L, Enquobahrie DA, L. Fitzpatrick A, Kerr KF, J. Budoff M, Lee SI, Siscovick D, D. Kaufman J. Epigenome-wide analysis of long-term air pollution exposure and DNA methylation in monocytes: results from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Epigenetics 2022; 17:297-313. [PMID: 33818294 PMCID: PMC8920186 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2021.1900028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Air pollution might affect atherosclerosis through DNA methylation changes in cells crucial to atherosclerosis, such as monocytes. We conducted an epigenome-wide study of DNA methylation in CD14+ monocytes and long-term ambient air pollution exposure in adults participating in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). We also assessed the association between differentially methylated signals and cis-gene expression. Using spatiotemporal models, one-year average concentrations of outdoor fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and oxides of nitrogen (NOX) were estimated at participants' homes. We assessed DNA methylation and gene expression using Illumina 450k and HumanHT-12 v4 Expression BeadChips, respectively (n = 1,207). We used bump hunting and site-specific approaches to identify differentially methylated signals (false discovery rate of 0.05) and used linear models to assess associations between differentially methylated signals and cis-gene expression. Four differentially methylated regions (DMRs) located on chromosomes 5, 6, 7, and 16 (within or near SDHAP3, ZFP57, HOXA5, and PRM1, respectively) were associated with PM2.5. The DMRs on chromosomes 5 and 6 also associated with NOX. The DMR on chromosome 5 had the smallest p-value for both PM2.5 (p = 1.4×10-6) and NOX (p = 7.7×10-6). Three differentially methylated CpGs were identified for PM2.5, and cg05926640 (near TOMM20) had the smallest p-value (p = 5.6×10-8). NOX significantly associated with cg11756214 within ZNF347 (p = 5.6×10-8). Several differentially methylated signals were also associated with cis-gene expression. The DMR located on chromosome 7 was associated with the expression of HOXA5, HOXA9, and HOXA10. The DMRs located on chromosomes 5 and 16 were associated with expression of MRPL36 and DEXI, respectively. The CpG cg05926640 was associated with expression of ARID4B, IRF2BP2, and TOMM20. We identified differential DNA methylation in monocytes associated with long-term air pollution exposure. Methylation signals associated with gene expression might help explain how air pollution contributes to cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria C. Chi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA,CONTACT Gloria C. Chi 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080
| | - Yongmei Liu
- Department of Epidemiology & Prevention, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - James W. MacDonald
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Lindsay M. Reynolds
- Department of Epidemiology & Prevention, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Daniel A. Enquobahrie
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Annette L. Fitzpatrick
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA,Department of Family Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA,Department of Global Health, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Kathleen F. Kerr
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Matthew J. Budoff
- Division of Cardiology, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor–UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, California, USA
| | - Su-in Lee
- Department of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA,Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Joel D. Kaufman
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA,Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Kiselev I, Danilova L, Baulina N, Baturina O, Kabilov M, Boyko A, Kulakova O, Favorova O. Genome-wide DNA methylation profiling identifies epigenetic changes in CD4+ and CD14+ cells of multiple sclerosis patients. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2022; 60:103714. [PMID: 35245816 DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2022.103714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 01/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune and degenerative disease of the central nervous system, which develops in genetically predisposed individuals upon exposure to environmental influences. Environmental triggers of MS, such as viral infections or smoking, were demonstrated to affect DNA methylation, and thus to involve this important epigenetic mechanism in the development of pathological process. To identify MS-associated DNA methylation hallmarks, we performed genome-wide DNA methylation profiling of two cell populations (CD4+ T-lymphocytes and CD14+ monocytes), collected from the same treatment-naive relapsing-remitting MS patients and healthy subjects, using Illumina 450 K methylation arrays. We revealed significant changes in DNA methylation for both cell populations in MS. In CD4+ cells of MS patients the majority of differentially methylated positions (DMPs) were shown to be hypomethylated, while in CD14+ cells - hypermethylated. Differential methylation of HLA-DRB1 gene in CD4+ and CD14+ cells was associated with carriage of DRB1*15 allele independently from the disease status. Besides, about 20% of identified DMPs were shared between two cell populations and had the same direction of methylation changes; they may be involved in basic epigenetic processes occuring in MS. These findings suggest that the epigenetic mechanism of DNA methylation in immune cells contributes to MS; further studies are now required to validate these results and understand their functional significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Kiselev
- Department of Molecular Biology and Medical Biotechnology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovityanova st. 1, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation
| | - Ludmila Danilova
- Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Gubkin st. 3, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation; Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Natalia Baulina
- Department of Molecular Biology and Medical Biotechnology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovityanova st. 1, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation
| | - Olga Baturina
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - Marsel Kabilov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation
| | - Alexey Boyko
- Department of Molecular Biology and Medical Biotechnology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovityanova st. 1, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation
| | - Olga Kulakova
- Department of Molecular Biology and Medical Biotechnology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovityanova st. 1, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation
| | - Olga Favorova
- Department of Molecular Biology and Medical Biotechnology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ostrovityanova st. 1, Moscow 117997, Russian Federation
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Winsvold BS, Kitsos I, Thomas LF, Skogholt AH, Gabrielsen ME, Zwart JA, Nilsen KB. Genome-Wide Association Study of 2,093 Cases With Idiopathic Polyneuropathy and 445,256 Controls Identifies First Susceptibility Loci. Front Neurol 2021; 12:789093. [PMID: 34975738 PMCID: PMC8718917 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.789093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: About one third of patients with chronic polyneuropathy have no obvious underlying etiology and are classified as having idiopathic polyneuropathy. The lack of knowledge about pathomechanisms and predisposing factors limits the development of effective prevention and treatment for these patients. We report the first genome-wide association study (GWAS) of idiopathic polyneuropathy. Methods: Cases with idiopathic polyneuropathy and healthy controls were identified by linkage to hospital records. We performed genome-wide association studies using genetic data from two large population-based health studies, the Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT, 1,147 cases and 62,204 controls) and UK Biobank (UKB, 946 cases and 383,052 controls). In a two-stage analysis design, we first treated HUNT as a discovery cohort and UK Biobank as a replication cohort. Secondly, we combined the two studies in a meta-analysis. Downstream analyses included genetic correlation to other traits and diseases. We specifically examined previously reported risk loci, and genes known to cause hereditary polyneuropathy. Results: No replicable risk loci were identified in the discovery-replication stage, in line with the limited predicted power of this approach. When combined in a meta-analysis, two independent loci reached statistical significance (rs7294354 in B4GALNT3, P-value 4.51 × 10−8) and (rs147738081 near NR5A2, P-value 4.75 × 10−8). Idiopathic polyneuropathy genetically correlated with several anthropometric measures, most pronounced for height, and with several pain-related traits. Conclusions: In this first GWAS of idiopathic polyneuropathy we identify two risk-loci that indicate possible pathogenetic mechanisms. Future collaborative efforts are needed to replicate and expand on these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bendik S. Winsvold
- Department of Research and Innovation, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- K. G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ioannis Kitsos
- Department of Research and Innovation, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Laurent F. Thomas
- K. G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- BioCore–Bioinformatics Core Facility, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Clinic of Laboratory Medicine, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Anne Heidi Skogholt
- K. G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Maiken E. Gabrielsen
- K. G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - John-Anker Zwart
- Department of Research and Innovation, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- K. G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kristian Bernhard Nilsen
- Department of Research and Innovation, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- *Correspondence: Kristian Bernhard Nilsen
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Nöthling J, Abrahams N, Toikumo S, Suderman M, Mhlongo S, Lombard C, Seedat S, Hemmings SMJ. Genome-wide differentially methylated genes associated with posttraumatic stress disorder and longitudinal change in methylation in rape survivors. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:594. [PMID: 34799556 PMCID: PMC8604994 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01608-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Rape is associated with a high risk for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). DNA methylation changes may confer risk or protection for PTSD following rape by regulating the expression of genes implicated in pathways affected by PTSD. We aimed to: (1) identify epigenome-wide differences in methylation profiles between rape-exposed women with and without PTSD at 3-months post-rape, in a demographically and ethnically similar group, drawn from a low-income setting; (2) validate and replicate the findings of the epigenome-wide analysis in selected genes (BRSK2 and ADCYAP1); and (3) investigate baseline and longitudinal changes in BRSK2 and ADCYAP1 methylation over six months in relation to change in PTSD symptom scores over 6 months, in the combined discovery/validation and replication samples (n = 96). Rape-exposed women (n = 852) were recruited from rape clinics in the Rape Impact Cohort Evaluation (RICE) umbrella study. Epigenome-wide differentially methylated CpG sites between rape-exposed women with (n = 24) and without (n = 24) PTSD at 3-months post-rape were investigated using the Illumina EPIC BeadChip in a discovery cohort (n = 48). Validation (n = 47) and replication (n = 49) of BRSK2 and ADCYAP1 methylation findings were investigated using EpiTYPER technology. Longitudinal change in BRSK2 and ADCYAP1 was also investigated using EpiTYPER technology in the combined sample (n = 96). In the discovery sample, after adjustment for multiple comparisons, one differentially methylated CpG site (chr10: 61385771/ cg01700569, p = 0.049) and thirty-four differentially methylated regions were associated with PTSD status at 3-months post-rape. Decreased BRSK2 and ADCYAP1 methylation at 3-months and 6-months post-rape were associated with increased PTSD scores at the same time points, but these findings did not remain significant in adjusted models. In conclusion, decreased methylation of BRSK2 may result in abnormal neuronal polarization, synaptic development, vesicle formation, and disrupted neurotransmission in individuals with PTSD. PTSD symptoms may also be mediated by differential methylation of the ADCYAP1 gene which is involved in stress regulation. Replication of these findings is required to determine whether ADCYAP1 and BRSK2 are biomarkers of PTSD and potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jani Nöthling
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.
- Gender and Health Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa.
- South African Medical Research Council Unit on the Genomics of Brain Disorders, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Naeemah Abrahams
- Gender and Health Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Social and Behavioural Sciences, School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sylvanus Toikumo
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
- South African Medical Research Council Unit on the Genomics of Brain Disorders, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Matthew Suderman
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Shibe Mhlongo
- Gender and Health Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Carl Lombard
- Biostatistics Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Global Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Soraya Seedat
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
- South African Medical Research Council Unit on the Genomics of Brain Disorders, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sian Megan Joanna Hemmings
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
- South African Medical Research Council Unit on the Genomics of Brain Disorders, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
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Genetic and Epigenomic Modifiers of Diabetic Neuropathy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094887. [PMID: 34063061 PMCID: PMC8124699 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic neuropathy (DN), the most common chronic and progressive complication of diabetes mellitus (DM), strongly affects patients’ quality of life. DN could be present as peripheral, autonomous or, clinically also relevant, uremic neuropathy. The etiopathogenesis of DN is multifactorial, and genetic components play a role both in its occurrence and clinical course. A number of gene polymorphisms in candidate genes have been assessed as susceptibility factors for DN, and most of them are linked to mechanisms such as reactive oxygen species production, neurovascular impairments and modified protein glycosylation, as well as immunomodulation and inflammation. Different epigenomic mechanisms such as DNA methylation, histone modifications and non-coding RNA action have been studied in DN, which also underline the importance of “metabolic memory” in DN appearance and progression. In this review, we summarize most of the relevant data in the field of genetics and epigenomics of DN, hoping they will become significant for diagnosis, therapy and prevention of DN.
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Abstract
Neuropathy is a common complication of long-term diabetes that impairs quality of life by producing pain, sensory loss and limb amputation. The presence of neuropathy in both insulin-deficient (type 1) and insulin resistant (type 2) diabetes along with the slowing of progression of neuropathy by improved glycemic control in type 1 diabetes has caused the majority of preclinical and clinical investigations to focus on hyperglycemia as the initiating pathogenic lesion. Studies in animal models of diabetes have identified multiple plausible mechanisms of glucotoxicity to the nervous system including post-translational modification of proteins by glucose and increased glucose metabolism by aldose reductase, glycolysis and other catabolic pathways. However, it is becoming increasingly apparent that factors not necessarily downstream of hyperglycemia can also contribute to the incidence, progression and severity of neuropathy and neuropathic pain. For example, peripheral nerve contains insulin receptors that transduce the neurotrophic and neurosupportive properties of insulin, independent of systemic glucose regulation, while the detection of neuropathy and neuropathic pain in patients with metabolic syndrome and failure of improved glycemic control to protect against neuropathy in cohorts of type 2 diabetic patients has placed a focus on the pathogenic role of dyslipidemia. This review provides an overview of current understanding of potential initiating lesions for diabetic neuropathy and the multiple downstream mechanisms identified in cell and animal models of diabetes that may contribute to the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy and neuropathic pain.
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Yi X, Cheng X. Understanding Competitive Endogenous RNA Network Mechanism in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Using Computational and Bioinformatics Approaches. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2021; 14:3865-3945. [PMID: 34526791 PMCID: PMC8436179 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s315488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), an autoimmune disease with a genetic tendency, has an increasing prevalence. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) and circular RNA (circRNA) are receiving increasing attention in disease pathogenesis. However, their roles in T1DM are poorly understood. The present study aimed at identifying signature lncRNAs and circRNAs and investigating their roles in T1DM using the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network analysis. METHODS The T1DM expression profile was downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database to identify the differentially expressed circRNAs, lncRNAs, and mRNAs. The biological functions of these differentially expressed circRNAs, lncRNAs, and mRNAs were analyzed by the Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis. Targeting relationships of circRNA-miRNA, lncRNA-miRNA, and miRNA-mRNA were predicted, and the circRNA-lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA ceRNA regulatory network was established. Finally, qRT-PCR was applied to identify the effect of hsa_circ_0002202 inhibition on the IFN-I induced macrophage inflammation. RESULTS A total of 178 circRNAs, 404 lncRNAs, and 73 mRNAs were identified to be abnormally expressed in T1DM samples. Functional enrichment analysis results indicated that the differentially expressed genes were mainly enriched in extracellular matrix components and macrophage activation. CeRNA regulatory network showed that circRNAs and lncRNAs regulate mRNAs through integrate multiple miRNAs. In addition, in vitro experiments showed that hsa_circ_0002202 inhibition suppressed the type I interferon (IFN-I)-induced macrophage inflammation. CONCLUSION In the present study, the circRNA-lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA ceRNA regulatory network in T1DM was established for the first time. We also found that hsa_circ_0002202 inhibition suppressed the IFN-I-induced macrophage inflammation. Our study may lay a foundation for future studies on the ceRNA regulatory network in T1DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuanzi Yi
- Department of Medicine II, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, 79106, Germany
- Correspondence: Xuanzi Yi Department of Medicine II, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Center University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Str. 55, Freiburg, 79106, GermanyTel/Fax +49 761 270-73270 Email
| | - Xu Cheng
- Department of Urology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
- Medical Center University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, 79106, Germany
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