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El-Dakroury WA, Midan HM, Abulsoud AI, Elshaer SS, El-Husseiny AA, Fathi D, Abdelmaksoud NM, Abdel Mageed SS, Elballal MS, Zaki MB, Abd-Elmawla MA, Al-Noshokaty TM, Rizk NI, Elrebehy MA, Hashem AH, Moustafa YM, Doghish AS. miRNAs orchestration of adrenocortical carcinoma - Particular emphasis on diagnosis, progression and drug resistance. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 248:154665. [PMID: 37418996 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is an uncommon aggressive endocrine malignancy that is nonetheless associated with significant mortality and morbidity rates because of endocrine and oncological consequences. Recent genome-wide investigations of ACC have advanced our understanding of the disease, but substantial obstacles remain to overcome regarding diagnosis and prognosis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs, miRs) play a crucial role in the development and metastasis of a wide range of carcinomas by regulating the expression of their target genes through various mechanisms causing translational repression or messenger RNA (mRNA) degradation. Along with miRNAs in the adrenocortical cancerous tissue, circulating miRNAs are considered barely invasive diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers of ACC. miRNAs may serve as treatment targets that expand the rather-limited therapeutic repertoire in the field of ACC. Patients with advanced ACC still have a poor prognosis when using the available treatments, despite a substantial improvement in understanding of the illness over the previous few decades. Accordingly, in this review, we provide a crucial overview of the recent studies in ACC-associated miRNAs regarding their diagnostic, prognostic, and potential therapeutic relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa A El-Dakroury
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829 Egypt
| | - Heba M Midan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Ahmed I Abulsoud
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11231 Cairo, Egypt; Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, Cairo 11785, Egypt
| | - Shereen Saeid Elshaer
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, Cairo 11785, Egypt; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Nasr city, Cairo 11823, Egypt
| | - Ahmed A El-Husseiny
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11231 Cairo, Egypt; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Egyptian Russian University, Badr City 11829 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Doaa Fathi
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, Cairo 11785, Egypt
| | | | - Sherif S Abdel Mageed
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Mohammed S Elballal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Bakr Zaki
- Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Menoufia 32897, Egypt
| | - Mai A Abd-Elmawla
- Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Tohada M Al-Noshokaty
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, Cairo 11785, Egypt
| | - Nehal I Rizk
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Heliopolis University, Cairo 11785, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A Elrebehy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt.
| | - Amr H Hashem
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11884 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Yasser M Moustafa
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S Doghish
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Badr University in Cairo (BUC), Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt; Faculty of Pharmacy (Boys), Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11231 Cairo, Egypt.
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Okroj D, Rzepecka A, Kłosowski P, Babińska A, Sworczak K. Review of Diagnostic Modalities for Adrenal Incidentaloma. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12113739. [PMID: 37297933 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12113739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Adrenal incidentalomas are common findings in clinical practice, with a prevalence of up to 4.2% in radiological studies. Due to the large number of focal lesions in the adrenal glands, it can be challenging to make a definitive diagnosis and determine the appropriate management. The purpose of this review is to present current diagnostic modalities used to preoperatively distinguish between adrenocortical adenoma (ACA) and adrenocortical cancer (ACC). Proper management and diagnosis are crucial in avoiding unnecessary adrenalectomies, which occur in over 40% of cases. A literature analysis was conducted to compare ACA and ACC using imaging studies, hormonal evaluation, pathological workup, and liquid biopsy. Before deciding on surgical treatment, the nature of the tumor can be accurately determined using noncontrast CT imaging combined with tumor size and metabolomics. This approach helps to narrow down the group of patients with adrenal tumors who require surgical treatment due to the suspected malignant nature of the lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Okroj
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, ul. Dębinki 7, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Agata Rzepecka
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, ul. Dębinki 7, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Przemysław Kłosowski
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, ul. Dębinki 7, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Anna Babińska
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, ul. Dębinki 7, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Sworczak
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, ul. Dębinki 7, 80-211 Gdańsk, Poland
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Berruti A, Terzolo M, Filetti S. Eighth International Adrenal Cancer Symposium Brescia, Italy, September 30 to October 1-2, 2021. Endocrine 2022; 77:409-410. [PMID: 35867326 PMCID: PMC9305057 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-022-03147-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Berruti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, Medical Oncology, University of Brescia at ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy.
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Internal Medicine, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy.
- School of Health, Unitelma Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - Massimo Terzolo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, Medical Oncology, University of Brescia at ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Internal Medicine, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
- School of Health, Unitelma Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Filetti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, Medical Oncology, University of Brescia at ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Internal Medicine, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
- School of Health, Unitelma Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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