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Flauto F, De Martino MC, Vitiello C, Pivonello R, Colao A, Damiano V. A Review on Mitotane: A Target Therapy in Adrenocortical Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:4061. [PMID: 39682247 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16234061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2024] [Revised: 11/28/2024] [Accepted: 12/02/2024] [Indexed: 12/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Adrenocortical carcinomas (ACCs) are rare and aggressive malignancies of adrenal cortex, associated with largely unknown mechanisms of biological development and poor prognosis. Currently, mitotane is the sole approved drug for treating advanced adrenocortical carcinomas (ACCs) and is being utilized more frequently as postoperative adjuvant therapy. Although it is understood that mitotane targets the adrenal cortex and disrupts steroid production, its precise mechanism of action requires further exploration. Additionally, mitotane affects cytochrome P450 enzymes, causes the depolarization of mitochondrial membranes, and leads to an accumulation of free cholesterol, ultimately resulting in cell death. Many patients treated with mitotane develop disease progression over time, underlying the need to understand the mechanisms of primary and acquired resistance. In this manuscript, we provide an overview on the intracellular mechanisms of action of mitotane, exploring data regarding predictive factors of response and evidence associated with the development of primary and acquired resistance mechanisms. In this discussion, mitotane is considered a real target therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiano Flauto
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Vitiello
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Rosario Pivonello
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Annamaria Colao
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Damiano
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
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Arakawa Y, Elloumi F, Varma S, Khandagale P, Jo U, Kumar S, Roper N, Reinhold WC, Robey RW, Takebe N, Gottesman MM, Thomas CJ, Boeva V, Berruti A, Abate A, Tamburello M, Sigala S, Hantel C, Weigand I, Wierman ME, Kiseljak-Vassiliades K, Del Rivero J, Pommier Y. A Database Tool Integrating Genomic and Pharmacologic Data from Adrenocortical Carcinoma Cell Lines, PDX, and Patient Samples. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 4:2384-2398. [PMID: 39162009 PMCID: PMC11389377 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-24-0100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare and highly heterogeneous disease with a notably poor prognosis due to significant challenges in diagnosis and treatment. Emphasizing on the importance of precision medicine, there is an increasing need for comprehensive genomic resources alongside well-developed experimental models to devise personalized therapeutic strategies. We present ACC_CellMinerCDB, a substantive genomic and drug sensitivity database (available at https://discover.nci.nih.gov/acc_cellminercdb) comprising ACC cell lines, patient-derived xenografts, surgical samples, and responses to more than 2,400 drugs examined by the NCI and National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences. This database exposes shared genomic pathways among ACC cell lines and surgical samples, thus authenticating the cell lines as research models. It also allows exploration of pertinent treatment markers such as MDR-1, SOAT1, MGMT, MMR, and SLFN11 and introduces the potential to repurpose agents like temozolomide for ACC therapy. ACC_CellMinerCDB provides the foundation for exploring larger preclinical ACC models. SIGNIFICANCE ACC_CellMinerCDB, a comprehensive database of cell lines, patient-derived xenografts, surgical samples, and drug responses, reveals shared genomic pathways and treatment-relevant markers in ACC. This resource offers insights into potential therapeutic targets and the opportunity to repurpose existing drugs for ACC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Arakawa
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Fathi Elloumi
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Sudhir Varma
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Prashant Khandagale
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ukhyun Jo
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Suresh Kumar
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Nitin Roper
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - William C. Reinhold
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Robert W. Robey
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Naoko Takebe
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Michael M. Gottesman
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Valentina Boeva
- Department of Computer Science, Institute for Machine Learning, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alfredo Berruti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, Medical Oncology Unit, University of Brescia, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale (ASST) Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
| | - Andrea Abate
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Mariangela Tamburello
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Sandra Sigala
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Constanze Hantel
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich, and University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Isabel Weigand
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Margaret E. Wierman
- Department of Medicine-Endocrinology/Metabolism/Diabetes, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Katja Kiseljak-Vassiliades
- Department of Medicine-Endocrinology/Metabolism/Diabetes, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Jaydira Del Rivero
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Yves Pommier
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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3
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Arakawa Y, Jo U, Kumar S, Sun NY, Elloumi F, Thomas A, Roper N, Varghese DG, Takebe N, Zhang X, Ceribelli M, Holland DO, Beck E, Itkin Z, McKnight C, Wilson KM, Travers J, Klumpp-Thomas C, Thomas CJ, Hoang CD, Hernandez JM, Del Rivero J, Pommier Y. Activity of the Ubiquitin-activating Enzyme Inhibitor TAK-243 in Adrenocortical Carcinoma Cell Lines, Patient-derived Organoids, and Murine Xenografts. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 4:834-848. [PMID: 38451783 PMCID: PMC10949913 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-24-0085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Current treatment options for metastatic adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) have limited efficacy, despite the common use of mitotane and cytotoxic agents. This study aimed to identify novel therapeutic options for ACC. An extensive drug screen was conducted to identify compounds with potential activity against ACC cell lines. We further investigated the mechanism of action of the identified compound, TAK-243, its synergistic effects with current ACC therapeutics, and its efficacy in ACC models including patient-derived organoids and mouse xenografts. TAK-243, a clinical ubiquitin-activating enzyme (UAE) inhibitor, showed potent activity in ACC cell lines. TAK-243 inhibited protein ubiquitination in ACC cells, leading to the accumulation of free ubiquitin, activation of the unfolded protein response, and induction of apoptosis. TAK-243 was found to be effluxed out of cells by MDR1, a drug efflux pump, and did not require Schlafen 11 (SLFN11) expression for its activity. Combination of TAK-243 with current ACC therapies (e.g., mitotane, etoposide, cisplatin) produced synergistic or additive effects. In addition, TAK-243 was highly synergistic with BCL2 inhibitors (Navitoclax and Venetoclax) in preclinical ACC models including patient-derived organoids. The tumor suppressive effects of TAK-243 and its synergistic effects with Venetoclax were further confirmed in a mouse xenograft model. These findings provide preclinical evidence to support the initiation of a clinical trial of TAK-243 in patients with advanced-stage ACC. TAK-243 is a promising potential treatment option for ACC, either as monotherapy or in combination with existing therapies or BCL2 inhibitors. SIGNIFICANCE ACC is a rare endocrine cancer with poor prognosis and limited therapeutic options. We report that TAK-243 is active alone and in combination with currently used therapies and with BCL2 and mTOR inhibitors in ACC preclinical models. Our results suggest implementation of TAK-243 in clinical trials for patients with advanced and metastatic ACC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Arakawa
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Ukhyun Jo
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Suresh Kumar
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Nai-Yun Sun
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Fathi Elloumi
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Anish Thomas
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Nitin Roper
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Diana Grace Varghese
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Naoko Takebe
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Xiaohu Zhang
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Michele Ceribelli
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - David O. Holland
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Erin Beck
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Zina Itkin
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Crystal McKnight
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kelli M. Wilson
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Jameson Travers
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Craig J. Thomas
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Chuong D. Hoang
- Thoracic Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Jaydira Del Rivero
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Yves Pommier
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland
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Luca E, Zitzmann K, Bornstein S, Kugelmeier P, Beuschlein F, Nölting S, Hantel C. Three Dimensional Models of Endocrine Organs and Target Tissues Regulated by the Endocrine System. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4601. [PMID: 37760571 PMCID: PMC10526768 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15184601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Immortalized cell lines originating from tumors and cultured in monolayers in vitro display consistent behavior and response, and generate reproducible results across laboratories. However, for certain endpoints, these cell lines behave quite differently from the original solid tumors. Thereby, the homogeneity of immortalized cell lines and two-dimensionality of monolayer cultures deters from the development of new therapies and translatability of results to the more complex situation in vivo. Organoids originating from tissue biopsies and spheroids from cell lines mimic the heterogeneous and multidimensional characteristics of tumor cells in 3D structures in vitro. Thus, they have the advantage of recapitulating the more complex tissue architecture of solid tumors. In this review, we discuss recent efforts in basic and preclinical cancer research to establish methods to generate organoids/spheroids and living biobanks from endocrine tissues and target organs under endocrine control while striving to achieve solutions in personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edlira Luca
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich (USZ) and University of Zurich (UZH), 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kathrin Zitzmann
- Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336 München, Germany
| | - Stefan Bornstein
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich (USZ) and University of Zurich (UZH), 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Felix Beuschlein
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich (USZ) and University of Zurich (UZH), 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
- Endocrine Research Unit, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Universität München, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Svenja Nölting
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich (USZ) and University of Zurich (UZH), 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Medicine IV, University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336 München, Germany
| | - Constanze Hantel
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich (USZ) and University of Zurich (UZH), 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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Sedlack AJH, Hatfield SJ, Kumar S, Arakawa Y, Roper N, Sun NY, Nilubol N, Kiseljak-Vassiliades K, Hoang CD, Bergsland EK, Hernandez JM, Pommier Y, del Rivero J. Preclinical Models of Adrenocortical Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2873. [PMID: 37296836 PMCID: PMC10251941 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15112873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Adrenocortical cancer is an aggressive endocrine malignancy with an incidence of 0.72 to 1.02 per million people/year, and a very poor prognosis with a five-year survival rate of 22%. As an orphan disease, clinical data are scarce, meaning that drug development and mechanistic research depend especially on preclinical models. While a single human ACC cell line was available for the last three decades, over the last five years, many new in vitro and in vivo preclinical models have been generated. Herein, we review both in vitro (cell lines, spheroids, and organoids) and in vivo (xenograft and genetically engineered mouse) models. Striking leaps have been made in terms of the preclinical models of ACC, and there are now several modern models available publicly and in repositories for research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. H. Sedlack
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Samual J. Hatfield
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Suresh Kumar
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yasuhiro Arakawa
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nitin Roper
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nai-Yun Sun
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Naris Nilubol
- Surgical Oncology Program National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Katja Kiseljak-Vassiliades
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80016, USA
| | - Chuong D. Hoang
- Thoracic Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Emily K. Bergsland
- University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | | | - Yves Pommier
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jaydira del Rivero
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Tamburello M, Abate A, Rossini E, Basnet RM, Zizioli D, Cosentini D, Hantel C, Laganà M, Tiberio GAM, Grisanti S, Memo M, Berruti A, Sigala S. Preclinical Evidence of Progesterone as a New Pharmacological Strategy in Human Adrenocortical Carcinoma Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:6829. [PMID: 37047801 PMCID: PMC10095539 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adrenocortical cancer (ACC) is a rare malignancy with a dismal prognosis. The treatment includes mitotane and EDP chemotherapy (etoposide, doxorubicin, and cisplatin). However, new therapeutic approaches for advanced ACC are needed, particularly targeting the metastatic process. Here, we deepen the role of progesterone as a new potential drug for ACC, in line with its antitumoral effect in other cancers. METHODS NCI-H295R, MUC-1, and TVBF-7 cell lines were used and xenografted in zebrafish embryos. Migration and invasion were studied using transwell assays, and MMP2 activity was studied using zymography. Apoptosis and cell cycle were analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS Progesterone significantly reduced xenograft tumor area and metastases formation in embryos injected with metastatic lines, MUC-1 and TVBF-7. These results were confirmed in vitro, where the reduction of invasion was mediated, at least in part, by the decrease in MMP2 levels. Progesterone exerted a long-lasting effect in metastatic cells. Progesterone caused apoptosis in NCI-H295R and MUC-1, inducing changes in the cell-cycle distribution, while autophagy was predominantly activated in TVBF-7 cells. CONCLUSION Our results give support to the role of progesterone in ACC. The involvement of its analog (megestrol acetate) in reducing ACC progression in ACC patients undergoing EDP-M therapy is now under investigation in the PESETA phase II clinical study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariangela Tamburello
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Andrea Abate
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Elisa Rossini
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Ram Manohar Basnet
- Section of Biotechnology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Daniela Zizioli
- Section of Biotechnology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Deborah Cosentini
- Oncology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia and ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Constanze Hantel
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich (USZ) and University of Zurich (UZH), 8091 Zürich, Switzerland
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Marta Laganà
- Oncology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia and ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Guido Alberto Massimo Tiberio
- Surgical Clinic, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia at ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Salvatore Grisanti
- Oncology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia and ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Memo
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Alfredo Berruti
- Oncology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia and ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Sandra Sigala
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
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7
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Abate A, Tamburello M, Rossini E, Basnet RM, Ribaudo G, Gianoncelli A, Hantel C, Cosentini D, Laganà M, Grisanti S, Tiberio GAM, Memo M, Berruti A, Sigala S. Trabectedin impairs invasiveness and metastasis in adrenocortical carcinoma preclinical models. Endocr Relat Cancer 2023; 30:e220273. [PMID: 36449565 DOI: 10.1530/erc-22-0273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
The pharmacological approach to adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is based on mitotane with/without etoposide, doxorubicin, and cisplatin, according to the disease stage. Considering the limited efficacy and toxicity of this treatment, new strategies are required. Trabectedin is a marine-derivated antitumoral agent that inhibits oncogenic transcription. We have already demonstrated trabectedin cytotoxic activity at sub-nanomolar concentrations in ACC cells. Here, we expanded the investigation of trabectedin effect on ACC preclinical models, evaluating whether trabectedin could affect ACC cells' invasiveness and metastasis formation. NCI-H295R, MUC-1, and TVBF-7 cell lines were used. Cell tumor xenografts in Danio rerio embryos were performed. The tumor mass areas and the number of embryos with metastasis were evaluated. The in vitro invasiveness of cells was evaluated. Effects of trabectedin of MMP2, TIMP1, and TIMP2 were evaluated at gene level qRT-PCR. MMP2 secreted in the cell medium was evaluated by Western blot and by zymography. Xenograft experiments demonstrated that trabectedin significantly reduced the tumor area in each ACC cell model and metastasis formation in embryos injected with metastasis-derived cell lines. Trabectedin treatment reduced the invasiveness of ACC cells across the matrix, which was greater at baseline for the metastatic models. In metastatic cell models, protein analysis demonstrated a reduction of MMP2 secretion and activity in the culture medium after treatment. Our results indicate that trabectedin interferes with invasiveness and metastasis processes, both dramatic features of ACC. Furthermore, these results support those previously published in providing the rationale for a clinical evaluation of the efficacy of trabectedin in ACC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Abate
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Mariangela Tamburello
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Elisa Rossini
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Ram Manohar Basnet
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Ribaudo
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Gianoncelli
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Constanze Hantel
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Clinical Nutrition, University Hospital Zurich (USZ) and University of Zurich (UZH), Zurich, Switzerland
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Deborah Cosentini
- Oncology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia and ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marta Laganà
- Oncology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia and ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Salvatore Grisanti
- Oncology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia and ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Guido Alberto Massimo Tiberio
- Surgical Clinic, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia at ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Memo
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alfredo Berruti
- Oncology Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia and ASST Spedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Sandra Sigala
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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8
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Bridging the Scientific Gaps to Identify Effective Treatments in Adrenocortical Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14215245. [DOI: 10.3390/cancers14215245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Adrenocortical cancer (ACC) typically presents in advanced stages of disease and has a dismal prognosis. One of the foremost reasons for this is the lack of available systemic therapies, with mitotane remaining the backbone of treatment since its discovery in the 1960s, despite underwhelming efficacy. Surgery remains the only potentially curative option, but about half of patients will recur post-operatively, often with metastatic disease. Other local treatment options have been attempted but are only used practically on a case-by-case basis. Over the past few decades there have been significant advances in understanding the molecular background of ACC, but this has not yet translated to better treatment options. Attempts at novel treatment strategies have not provided significant clinical benefit. This paper reviews our current treatment options and molecular understanding of ACC and the reasons why a successful treatment has remained elusive. Additionally, we discuss the knowledge gaps that need to be overcome to bring us closer to successful treatment and ways to bridge them.
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Berruti A, Terzolo M, Filetti S. Eighth International Adrenal Cancer Symposium Brescia, Italy, September 30 to October 1-2, 2021. Endocrine 2022; 77:409-410. [PMID: 35867326 PMCID: PMC9305057 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-022-03147-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Berruti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, Medical Oncology, University of Brescia at ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy.
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Internal Medicine, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy.
- School of Health, Unitelma Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - Massimo Terzolo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, Medical Oncology, University of Brescia at ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Internal Medicine, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
- School of Health, Unitelma Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Filetti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, Medical Oncology, University of Brescia at ASST Spedali Civili, Brescia, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, Internal Medicine, San Luigi Gonzaga Hospital, University of Turin, Orbassano, Italy
- School of Health, Unitelma Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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