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Contreras A, Sánchez SA, Rodríguez-Medina C, Botero JE. The role and impact of viruses on cancer development. Periodontol 2000 2024; 96:170-184. [PMID: 38641954 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
This review focuses on three major aspects of oncoviruses' role in cancer development. To begin, we discuss their geographic distribution, revealing that seven oncoviruses cause 20% of all human cancers worldwide. Second, we investigate the primary carcinogenic mechanisms, looking at how these oncogenic viruses can induce cellular transformation, angiogenesis, and local and systemic inflammation. Finally, we investigate the possibility of SARS-CoV-2 infection reactivating latent oncoviruses, which could increase the risk of further disease. The development of oncovirus vaccines holds great promise for reducing cancer burden. Many unanswered questions about the host and environmental cofactors that contribute to cancer development and prevention remain, which ongoing research is attempting to address.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sandra Amaya Sánchez
- Advanced Periodontology Program, Escuela de Odontología, Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
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2
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Farhan M, Rizvi A, Aatif M, Ahmad A. Current Understanding of Flavonoids in Cancer Therapy and Prevention. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13040481. [PMID: 37110140 PMCID: PMC10142845 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13040481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a major cause of death worldwide, with multiple pathophysiological manifestations. In particular, genetic abnormalities, inflammation, bad eating habits, radiation exposure, work stress, and toxin consumption have been linked to cancer disease development and progression. Recently, natural bioactive chemicals known as polyphenols found in plants were shown to have anticancer capabilities, destroying altered or malignant cells without harming normal cells. Flavonoids have demonstrated antioxidant, antiviral, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory effects. Flavonoid type, bioavailability, and possible method of action determine these biological actions. These low-cost pharmaceutical components have significant biological activities and are beneficial for several chronic disorders, including cancer. Recent research has focused primarily on isolating, synthesizing, and studying the effects of flavonoids on human health. Here we have attempted to summarize our current knowledge of flavonoids, focusing on their mode of action to better understand their effects on cancer.
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3
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Wilms L, Weßollek K, Peeters TB, Yazdi AS. Infektionen mit Herpes‐simplex‐ und Varizella‐zoster‐Virus. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2022; 20:1327-1353. [DOI: 10.1111/ddg.14917_g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Wilms
- Klinik für Dermatologie und Venerologie Helios Klinikum Krefeld
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Wilms L, Weßollek K, Peeters TB, Yazdi AS. Infections with Herpes simplex and Varicella zoster virus. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2022; 20:1327-1351. [DOI: 10.1111/ddg.14917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Wilms
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology Helios Klinikum Krefeld Germany
| | - Katharina Weßollek
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology University Hospital RWTH Aachen Germany
| | | | - Amir Sadegh Yazdi
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology University Hospital RWTH Aachen Germany
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5
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Sarmiento-Salinas FL, Perez-Gonzalez A, Acosta-Casique A, Ix-Ballote A, Diaz A, Treviño S, Rosas-Murrieta NH, Millán-Perez-Peña L, Maycotte P. Reactive oxygen species: Role in carcinogenesis, cancer cell signaling and tumor progression. Life Sci 2021; 284:119942. [PMID: 34506835 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the major causes of death in the world and its global burden is expected to continue increasing. In several types of cancers, reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been extensively linked to carcinogenesis and cancer progression. However, studies have reported conflicting evidence regarding the role of ROS in cancer, mostly dependent on the cancer type or the step of the tumorigenic process. We review recent studies describing diverse aspects of the interplay of ROS with cancer in the different stages of cancer progression, with a special focus on their role in carcinogenesis, their importance for cancer cell signaling and their relationship to the most prevalent cancer risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola Lilí Sarmiento-Salinas
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente (CIBIOR), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Atlixco, Puebla, Mexico; Posgrado en Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Andrea Perez-Gonzalez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente (CIBIOR), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Atlixco, Puebla, Mexico; Posgrado en Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Adilene Acosta-Casique
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente (CIBIOR), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Atlixco, Puebla, Mexico; Posgrado en Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Adrián Ix-Ballote
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente (CIBIOR), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Atlixco, Puebla, Mexico; Posgrado en Ciencias y Tecnologías Biomédicas, Instituto Nacional de Astrofísica, Óptica y Electrónica, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Alfonso Diaz
- Posgrado en Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Samuel Treviño
- Posgrado en Ciencias Químicas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | | | | | - Paola Maycotte
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Oriente (CIBIOR), Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Atlixco, Puebla, Mexico.
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Venkateswaran N, Ramos JC, Cohen AK, Alvarez OP, Cohen NK, Galor A, Karp CL. Spotlight on ocular Kaposi’s sarcoma: an update on the presentation, diagnosis, and management options. EXPERT REVIEW OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2021; 16:477-489. [DOI: 10.1080/17469899.2021.1962294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Juan C. Ramos
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Adam K. Cohen
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Osmel P. Alvarez
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Noah K. Cohen
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Anat Galor
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
- Surgical Services, Miami Veterans Affairs Hospital, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Carol L. Karp
- Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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Abstract
Ubiquitination is a modification after protein transcription that plays a vital role in maintaining the homeostasis of the cellular environment. The Homologous to E6AP C-terminus (HECT) family E3 ubiquitin ligases are a kind of E3 ubiquitin ligases with a C-terminal HECT domain that mediates the binding of ubiquitin to substrate proteins and a variable-length N-terminal extension. HECT-ubiquitinated ligases can be divided into three categories: NEDD4 superfamily, HERC superfamily, and other HECT superfamilies. HECT ubiquitin ligase plays an essential role in the development of many human diseases. In this review, we focus on the physiological and pathological processes involved in oxidative stress and the role of E3 ubiquitin ligase of the HECT family.
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Suares A, Tapia C, González-Pardo V. Antineoplastic effect of 1α,25(OH) 2D 3 in spheroids from endothelial cells transformed by Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus G protein coupled receptor. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 186:122-129. [PMID: 30308321 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus G protein-coupled receptor (KSHV/vGPCR) is a key molecule in the pathogenesis of Kaposi's sarcoma. In endothelial cells, tumor maintenance and NF-κB activation depends on vGPCR constitutive expression and activity. We have previously demonstrated that 1α,25(OH)2D3 induces apoptosis in a VDR dependent manner, inhibits vGPCR cell growth and NF-κB activity. In this study, we developed a method to obtain multicellular spheroids (MCS) from endothelial cells expressing vGPCR in order to test whether MCS have a similar response to 2D-cultures after 1α,25(OH)2D3 treatment. Firstly, we found that vGPCR MCS started to form at 2nd day-growth, reaching a diameter up to 300 μm at 7th day-growth, whereas cells without vGPCR expression (SVEC) developed spheroids earlier and remained smaller throughout the period monitored. Secondly, vGPCR MCS size and architecture were analyzed during 1α,25(OH)2D3 (0.1-100 nM, 48 h) treatment. We found that once treated with 10 nM of 1α,25(OH)2D3 the initials MCS began a slight disaggregation with no changes in size; whereas at the higher dose (100 nM) the architecture of MCS was found completely broken. Furthermore, VDR mRNA expression increased significantly and this change was accompanied by a reduction of HIF-1α, an increase of VEGF, p21 and Bim mRNA expression. Finally, results from Western blot analysis showed that 1α,25(OH)2D3 decreased Akt and ERK1/2 protein phosphorylation. In conclusion, these data have revealed that 1α,25(OH)2D3 inhibits vGPCR MCS proliferation and induces apoptosis similar to vGPCR cells growing in 2D-cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Suares
- Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas y Biomédicas del Sur (INBIOSUR), Departamento de Biología Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)-CONICET, San Juan 670, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Cinthya Tapia
- Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas y Biomédicas del Sur (INBIOSUR), Departamento de Biología Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)-CONICET, San Juan 670, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Verónica González-Pardo
- Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas y Biomédicas del Sur (INBIOSUR), Departamento de Biología Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur (UNS)-CONICET, San Juan 670, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina.
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KSHV LANA upregulates the expression of epidermal growth factor like domain 7 to promote angiogenesis. Oncotarget 2017; 9:1210-1228. [PMID: 29416688 PMCID: PMC5787431 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) is a highly-vascularized tumor characterized by inflammation and extensive neo-angiogenesis. The KS tumor microenvironment is rich in inflammatory and pro-angiogenic cytokines. Here, we report that the expression of Epidermal growth factor-like domain 7 (EGFL7) is upregulated in Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpes virus (KSHV) infected cells. EGFL7 is a secreted pro-angiogenic cytokine that has been implicated in angiogenesis and the proliferation of endothelial cells during many pathological conditions. Our data show that KS tumors as well as primary effusion lymphoma cells have increased levels of EGFL7 compared to the uninfected cells. We determined that the expression of a KSHV latent protein, LANA (latency-associated nuclear antigen), is the main viral factor responsible for this upregulation. The modulation of EGFL7 expression by LANA involves sequestration of death domain-associated protein 6 (Daxx) from the EGFL7 promoter. Daxx acts as a suppressor of promoter activity by binding to the avian erythroblastosis virus E26 oncogene homolog 1 (Ets-1), which is the core transcription factor required for the expression of EGFL7. We additionally show that the upregulation of EGFL7 by LANA contributes to the promotion of angiogenesis since siRNA-mediated knockdown of EGFL7 reduced in vitro tubulogenesis in LANA-expressing HUVEC cells. EGFL7 promotes angiogenesis through autocrine as well as paracrine mechanisms as the supernatant from LANA expressing cells depleted of EGFL7 showed reduced tubulogenesis. This study for the first time demonstrates EGFL7 to be an important angiogenic molecule secreted during KSHV infection that could be exploited for blocking KSHV associated malignancies in conjugation with other anti-angiogenic therapies.
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Gramolelli S, Ojala PM. Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus-induced endothelial cell reprogramming supports viral persistence and contributes to Kaposi's sarcoma tumorigenesis. Curr Opin Virol 2017; 26:156-162. [PMID: 29031103 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is an endothelial tumor causally linked to Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV) infection. At early stages of KS, inflammation and aberrant neoangiogenesis are predominant, while at late stages the disease is characterized by the proliferation of KSHV-infected spindle cells (SC). Since KSHV infection modifies the endothelial cell (EC) identity, the origin of SCs remains elusive. Yet, pieces of evidence indicate the lymphatic origin. KSHV-infected ECs display increased proliferative, angiogenic and migratory capacities which account for KS oncogenesis. Here we propose a model in which KSHV reprograms the EC identity, induces DNA damage and establishes a dysregulated gene expression program involving interplay of latent and lytic genes allowing continuous reinfection of ECs attracted to the tumor by the secretion of virus-induced cellular factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Gramolelli
- Research Programs Unit, Translational Cancer Biology, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum Helsinki, P.O. Box 63 (Haartmaninkatu 8), University of Helsinki FIN-00014, Finland
| | - Päivi M Ojala
- Research Programs Unit, Translational Cancer Biology, University of Helsinki, Biomedicum Helsinki, P.O. Box 63 (Haartmaninkatu 8), University of Helsinki FIN-00014, Finland; Foundation for the Finnish Cancer Institute, Helsinki, Finland; Section of Virology, Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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Onco-GPCR signaling and dysregulated expression of microRNAs in human cancer. J Hum Genet 2016; 62:87-96. [PMID: 27734836 DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2016.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 08/27/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family is the largest family of cell-surface receptors involved in signal transduction. Aberrant expression of GPCRs and G proteins are frequently associated with prevalent human diseases, including cancer. In fact, GPCRs represent the therapeutic targets of more than a quarter of the clinical drugs currently on the market. MiRNAs (miRNAs) are also aberrantly expressed in many human cancers, and they have significant roles in the initiation, development and metastasis of human malignancies. Recent studies have revealed that dysregulation of miRNAs and their target genes expression are associated with cancer progression. The emerging information suggests that miRNAs play an important role in the fine tuning of many signaling pathways, including GPCR signaling. We summarize our current knowledge of the individual functions of miRNAs regulated by GPCRs and GPCR signaling-associated molecules, and miRNAs that regulate the expression and activity of GPCRs, their endogenous ligands and their coupled heterotrimeric G proteins in human cancer.
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Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus: the role of lytic replication in targeted therapy. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2016; 28:611-24. [PMID: 26524334 DOI: 10.1097/qco.0000000000000213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To discuss the role of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) lytic replication in viral-associated diseases and assess the progress on targeting KSHV lytic replication as a strategy to prevent KSHV-related malignancies. RECENT FINDINGS New inhibitors of viral lytic replication are being developed as well as novel modalities are being investigated to target cellular processes that the virus hijacks during its life cycle. Research has also focused on reactivating viral lytic replication in latently infected tumour cells (lytic induction therapy) to promote death of tumour cells. SUMMARY KSHV is linked to three malignancies: Kaposi sarcoma, primary effusion lymphoma, and multicentric Castleman disease. Despite significant progress in understanding KSHV pathobiology, no therapeutic guidelines for the management of KSHV-related diseases exist, and current treatments are suboptimal and associated with toxicity. Antiherpesvirus drugs have shown inconsistent results in KSHV-associated malignancies that harbour the virus in a latent state. However, lytic replication plays a crucial role in the process of tumorigenesis. Therefore, not only antiviral agents directed against the virus replicative cycle but also agents that target cellular processes that are activated by the virus are being investigated. Antivirals may also be used in combination with inducers of the viral lytic stage.
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Grewal R, Cucuianu A, Swanepoel C, Dima D, Petrushev B, Pop B, Berindan-Neagoe I, Abayomi EA, Tomuleasa C. The role of microRNAs in the pathogenesis of HIV-related lymphomas. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci 2015. [PMID: 26218036 DOI: 10.3109/10408363.2015.1030063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of HIV-related lymphomas (HRLs) is increased by 60-100 times in patients with HIV. When compared to the general population, patients with HRLs often present with extranodal lymphoid proliferation, most frequently of the gastrointestinal tract, central nervous system, liver and bone marrow. MicroRNAs (miRs) are non-coding double-stranded RNA molecules of 18-25 nucleotides that regulate post-translational gene expression by inhibiting translation or promoting degradation of messenger RNA complementary sequences. Before their discovery, tumorigenesis was thought to have been caused by the alteration of protein-coding oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes, but once identified in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia, miRs function as either oncogenes or tumor-suppressor genes was confirmed in different types of malignancies. Since miRs are clearly involved in tumorigenesis in many cancers, their role in HRLs is now receiving attention. A few studies have been conducted thus far in some HRLs on the involvement of miR in the pathogenesis of lymphoid malignancies. Since B-cell lymphomas arise from various stages of B-cell development in both HIV-infected and HIV-naïve patients, investigators have tried to determine the different miR signatures in B-cell development. As classic immunohistochemistry staining is sometimes not enough for the differential diagnosis of HRLs, in the present review, we have described the potential use of miRs in the prognosis and diagnosis of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravnit Grewal
- a Division of Hematopathology , Tygerberg Academic Hospital , Tygerberg , South Africa
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