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For: Kramer AH, Couillard P, Bader R, Dhillon P, Kutsogiannis DJ, Doig CJ. Prevention of Hypoxemia During Apnea Testing: A Comparison of Oxygen Insufflation And Continuous Positive Airway Pressure. Neurocrit Care 2018;27:60-67. [PMID: 28176180 DOI: 10.1007/s12028-017-0380-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]

For:	Kramer AH, Couillard P, Bader R, Dhillon P, Kutsogiannis DJ, Doig CJ. Prevention of Hypoxemia During Apnea Testing: A Comparison of Oxygen Insufflation And Continuous Positive Airway Pressure. Neurocrit Care 2018;27:60-67. [PMID: 28176180 DOI: 10.1007/s12028-017-0380-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]

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Cited by Other Article(s)

Greer DM, Kirschen MP, Lewis A, Gronseth GS, Rae-Grant A, Ashwal S, Babu MA, Bauer DF, Billinghurst L, Corey A, Partap S, Rubin MA, Shutter L, Takahashi C, Tasker RC, Varelas PN, Wijdicks E, Bennett A, Wessels SR, Halperin JJ. Pediatric and Adult Brain Death/Death by Neurologic Criteria Consensus Guideline. Neurology 2023;101:1112-1132. [PMID: 37821233 PMCID: PMC10791061 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000207740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open

Affiliation(s)

David M Greer From the Department of Neurology (D.M.G., C.T.), Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, MA; Departments of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Neurology, and Pediatrics (M.P.K.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (A.L.), NYU Langone Medical Center, New York City; Department of Neurology (G.S.G.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (A.R.-G.), Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of the Case Western Reserve University, OH; Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology (S.A.), Loma Linda University School of Medicine, CA; Surgical Affiliates Management Group (M.A.B.), Grand Forks, ND; Department of Neurosurgery (D.F.B.), Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston; Department of Neurology (L.B.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Atlanta VA Medical Center and Department of Radiology and Imaging Science (A.C.), Emory University, GA; Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics (S.P.), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Neurology (M.A.R.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Departments of Critical Care Medicine, Neurology, and Neurosurgery (L.S.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Anesthesia (R.C.T.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Department of Neurology (P.N.V.), Albany Medical College, NY; Department of Neurology (E.W.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; American Academy of Neurology (A.B., S.R.W.), Minneapolis, MN; and Department of Neurosciences (J.J.H.), Overlook Medical Center, Summit, NJ
Matthew P Kirschen From the Department of Neurology (D.M.G., C.T.), Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, MA; Departments of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Neurology, and Pediatrics (M.P.K.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (A.L.), NYU Langone Medical Center, New York City; Department of Neurology (G.S.G.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (A.R.-G.), Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of the Case Western Reserve University, OH; Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology (S.A.), Loma Linda University School of Medicine, CA; Surgical Affiliates Management Group (M.A.B.), Grand Forks, ND; Department of Neurosurgery (D.F.B.), Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston; Department of Neurology (L.B.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Atlanta VA Medical Center and Department of Radiology and Imaging Science (A.C.), Emory University, GA; Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics (S.P.), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Neurology (M.A.R.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Departments of Critical Care Medicine, Neurology, and Neurosurgery (L.S.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Anesthesia (R.C.T.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Department of Neurology (P.N.V.), Albany Medical College, NY; Department of Neurology (E.W.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; American Academy of Neurology (A.B., S.R.W.), Minneapolis, MN; and Department of Neurosciences (J.J.H.), Overlook Medical Center, Summit, NJ
Ariane Lewis From the Department of Neurology (D.M.G., C.T.), Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, MA; Departments of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Neurology, and Pediatrics (M.P.K.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (A.L.), NYU Langone Medical Center, New York City; Department of Neurology (G.S.G.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (A.R.-G.), Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of the Case Western Reserve University, OH; Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology (S.A.), Loma Linda University School of Medicine, CA; Surgical Affiliates Management Group (M.A.B.), Grand Forks, ND; Department of Neurosurgery (D.F.B.), Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston; Department of Neurology (L.B.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Atlanta VA Medical Center and Department of Radiology and Imaging Science (A.C.), Emory University, GA; Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics (S.P.), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Neurology (M.A.R.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Departments of Critical Care Medicine, Neurology, and Neurosurgery (L.S.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Anesthesia (R.C.T.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Department of Neurology (P.N.V.), Albany Medical College, NY; Department of Neurology (E.W.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; American Academy of Neurology (A.B., S.R.W.), Minneapolis, MN; and Department of Neurosciences (J.J.H.), Overlook Medical Center, Summit, NJ
Gary S Gronseth From the Department of Neurology (D.M.G., C.T.), Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, MA; Departments of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Neurology, and Pediatrics (M.P.K.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (A.L.), NYU Langone Medical Center, New York City; Department of Neurology (G.S.G.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (A.R.-G.), Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of the Case Western Reserve University, OH; Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology (S.A.), Loma Linda University School of Medicine, CA; Surgical Affiliates Management Group (M.A.B.), Grand Forks, ND; Department of Neurosurgery (D.F.B.), Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston; Department of Neurology (L.B.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Atlanta VA Medical Center and Department of Radiology and Imaging Science (A.C.), Emory University, GA; Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics (S.P.), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Neurology (M.A.R.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Departments of Critical Care Medicine, Neurology, and Neurosurgery (L.S.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Anesthesia (R.C.T.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Department of Neurology (P.N.V.), Albany Medical College, NY; Department of Neurology (E.W.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; American Academy of Neurology (A.B., S.R.W.), Minneapolis, MN; and Department of Neurosciences (J.J.H.), Overlook Medical Center, Summit, NJ
Alexander Rae-Grant From the Department of Neurology (D.M.G., C.T.), Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, MA; Departments of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Neurology, and Pediatrics (M.P.K.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (A.L.), NYU Langone Medical Center, New York City; Department of Neurology (G.S.G.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (A.R.-G.), Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of the Case Western Reserve University, OH; Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology (S.A.), Loma Linda University School of Medicine, CA; Surgical Affiliates Management Group (M.A.B.), Grand Forks, ND; Department of Neurosurgery (D.F.B.), Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston; Department of Neurology (L.B.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Atlanta VA Medical Center and Department of Radiology and Imaging Science (A.C.), Emory University, GA; Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics (S.P.), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Neurology (M.A.R.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Departments of Critical Care Medicine, Neurology, and Neurosurgery (L.S.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Anesthesia (R.C.T.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Department of Neurology (P.N.V.), Albany Medical College, NY; Department of Neurology (E.W.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; American Academy of Neurology (A.B., S.R.W.), Minneapolis, MN; and Department of Neurosciences (J.J.H.), Overlook Medical Center, Summit, NJ
Stephen Ashwal From the Department of Neurology (D.M.G., C.T.), Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, MA; Departments of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Neurology, and Pediatrics (M.P.K.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (A.L.), NYU Langone Medical Center, New York City; Department of Neurology (G.S.G.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (A.R.-G.), Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of the Case Western Reserve University, OH; Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology (S.A.), Loma Linda University School of Medicine, CA; Surgical Affiliates Management Group (M.A.B.), Grand Forks, ND; Department of Neurosurgery (D.F.B.), Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston; Department of Neurology (L.B.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Atlanta VA Medical Center and Department of Radiology and Imaging Science (A.C.), Emory University, GA; Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics (S.P.), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Neurology (M.A.R.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Departments of Critical Care Medicine, Neurology, and Neurosurgery (L.S.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Anesthesia (R.C.T.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Department of Neurology (P.N.V.), Albany Medical College, NY; Department of Neurology (E.W.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; American Academy of Neurology (A.B., S.R.W.), Minneapolis, MN; and Department of Neurosciences (J.J.H.), Overlook Medical Center, Summit, NJ
Maya A Babu From the Department of Neurology (D.M.G., C.T.), Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, MA; Departments of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Neurology, and Pediatrics (M.P.K.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (A.L.), NYU Langone Medical Center, New York City; Department of Neurology (G.S.G.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (A.R.-G.), Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of the Case Western Reserve University, OH; Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology (S.A.), Loma Linda University School of Medicine, CA; Surgical Affiliates Management Group (M.A.B.), Grand Forks, ND; Department of Neurosurgery (D.F.B.), Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston; Department of Neurology (L.B.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Atlanta VA Medical Center and Department of Radiology and Imaging Science (A.C.), Emory University, GA; Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics (S.P.), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Neurology (M.A.R.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Departments of Critical Care Medicine, Neurology, and Neurosurgery (L.S.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Anesthesia (R.C.T.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Department of Neurology (P.N.V.), Albany Medical College, NY; Department of Neurology (E.W.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; American Academy of Neurology (A.B., S.R.W.), Minneapolis, MN; and Department of Neurosciences (J.J.H.), Overlook Medical Center, Summit, NJ
David F Bauer From the Department of Neurology (D.M.G., C.T.), Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, MA; Departments of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Neurology, and Pediatrics (M.P.K.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (A.L.), NYU Langone Medical Center, New York City; Department of Neurology (G.S.G.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (A.R.-G.), Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of the Case Western Reserve University, OH; Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology (S.A.), Loma Linda University School of Medicine, CA; Surgical Affiliates Management Group (M.A.B.), Grand Forks, ND; Department of Neurosurgery (D.F.B.), Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston; Department of Neurology (L.B.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Atlanta VA Medical Center and Department of Radiology and Imaging Science (A.C.), Emory University, GA; Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics (S.P.), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Neurology (M.A.R.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Departments of Critical Care Medicine, Neurology, and Neurosurgery (L.S.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Anesthesia (R.C.T.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Department of Neurology (P.N.V.), Albany Medical College, NY; Department of Neurology (E.W.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; American Academy of Neurology (A.B., S.R.W.), Minneapolis, MN; and Department of Neurosciences (J.J.H.), Overlook Medical Center, Summit, NJ
Lori Billinghurst From the Department of Neurology (D.M.G., C.T.), Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, MA; Departments of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Neurology, and Pediatrics (M.P.K.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (A.L.), NYU Langone Medical Center, New York City; Department of Neurology (G.S.G.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (A.R.-G.), Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of the Case Western Reserve University, OH; Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology (S.A.), Loma Linda University School of Medicine, CA; Surgical Affiliates Management Group (M.A.B.), Grand Forks, ND; Department of Neurosurgery (D.F.B.), Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston; Department of Neurology (L.B.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Atlanta VA Medical Center and Department of Radiology and Imaging Science (A.C.), Emory University, GA; Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics (S.P.), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Neurology (M.A.R.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Departments of Critical Care Medicine, Neurology, and Neurosurgery (L.S.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Anesthesia (R.C.T.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Department of Neurology (P.N.V.), Albany Medical College, NY; Department of Neurology (E.W.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; American Academy of Neurology (A.B., S.R.W.), Minneapolis, MN; and Department of Neurosciences (J.J.H.), Overlook Medical Center, Summit, NJ
Amanda Corey From the Department of Neurology (D.M.G., C.T.), Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, MA; Departments of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Neurology, and Pediatrics (M.P.K.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (A.L.), NYU Langone Medical Center, New York City; Department of Neurology (G.S.G.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (A.R.-G.), Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of the Case Western Reserve University, OH; Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology (S.A.), Loma Linda University School of Medicine, CA; Surgical Affiliates Management Group (M.A.B.), Grand Forks, ND; Department of Neurosurgery (D.F.B.), Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston; Department of Neurology (L.B.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Atlanta VA Medical Center and Department of Radiology and Imaging Science (A.C.), Emory University, GA; Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics (S.P.), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Neurology (M.A.R.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Departments of Critical Care Medicine, Neurology, and Neurosurgery (L.S.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Anesthesia (R.C.T.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Department of Neurology (P.N.V.), Albany Medical College, NY; Department of Neurology (E.W.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; American Academy of Neurology (A.B., S.R.W.), Minneapolis, MN; and Department of Neurosciences (J.J.H.), Overlook Medical Center, Summit, NJ
Sonia Partap From the Department of Neurology (D.M.G., C.T.), Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, MA; Departments of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Neurology, and Pediatrics (M.P.K.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (A.L.), NYU Langone Medical Center, New York City; Department of Neurology (G.S.G.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (A.R.-G.), Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of the Case Western Reserve University, OH; Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology (S.A.), Loma Linda University School of Medicine, CA; Surgical Affiliates Management Group (M.A.B.), Grand Forks, ND; Department of Neurosurgery (D.F.B.), Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston; Department of Neurology (L.B.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Atlanta VA Medical Center and Department of Radiology and Imaging Science (A.C.), Emory University, GA; Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics (S.P.), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Neurology (M.A.R.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Departments of Critical Care Medicine, Neurology, and Neurosurgery (L.S.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Anesthesia (R.C.T.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Department of Neurology (P.N.V.), Albany Medical College, NY; Department of Neurology (E.W.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; American Academy of Neurology (A.B., S.R.W.), Minneapolis, MN; and Department of Neurosciences (J.J.H.), Overlook Medical Center, Summit, NJ
Michael A Rubin From the Department of Neurology (D.M.G., C.T.), Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, MA; Departments of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Neurology, and Pediatrics (M.P.K.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (A.L.), NYU Langone Medical Center, New York City; Department of Neurology (G.S.G.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (A.R.-G.), Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of the Case Western Reserve University, OH; Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology (S.A.), Loma Linda University School of Medicine, CA; Surgical Affiliates Management Group (M.A.B.), Grand Forks, ND; Department of Neurosurgery (D.F.B.), Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston; Department of Neurology (L.B.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Atlanta VA Medical Center and Department of Radiology and Imaging Science (A.C.), Emory University, GA; Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics (S.P.), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Neurology (M.A.R.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Departments of Critical Care Medicine, Neurology, and Neurosurgery (L.S.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Anesthesia (R.C.T.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Department of Neurology (P.N.V.), Albany Medical College, NY; Department of Neurology (E.W.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; American Academy of Neurology (A.B., S.R.W.), Minneapolis, MN; and Department of Neurosciences (J.J.H.), Overlook Medical Center, Summit, NJ
Lori Shutter From the Department of Neurology (D.M.G., C.T.), Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, MA; Departments of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Neurology, and Pediatrics (M.P.K.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (A.L.), NYU Langone Medical Center, New York City; Department of Neurology (G.S.G.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (A.R.-G.), Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of the Case Western Reserve University, OH; Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology (S.A.), Loma Linda University School of Medicine, CA; Surgical Affiliates Management Group (M.A.B.), Grand Forks, ND; Department of Neurosurgery (D.F.B.), Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston; Department of Neurology (L.B.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Atlanta VA Medical Center and Department of Radiology and Imaging Science (A.C.), Emory University, GA; Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics (S.P.), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Neurology (M.A.R.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Departments of Critical Care Medicine, Neurology, and Neurosurgery (L.S.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Anesthesia (R.C.T.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Department of Neurology (P.N.V.), Albany Medical College, NY; Department of Neurology (E.W.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; American Academy of Neurology (A.B., S.R.W.), Minneapolis, MN; and Department of Neurosciences (J.J.H.), Overlook Medical Center, Summit, NJ
Courtney Takahashi From the Department of Neurology (D.M.G., C.T.), Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, MA; Departments of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Neurology, and Pediatrics (M.P.K.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (A.L.), NYU Langone Medical Center, New York City; Department of Neurology (G.S.G.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (A.R.-G.), Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of the Case Western Reserve University, OH; Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology (S.A.), Loma Linda University School of Medicine, CA; Surgical Affiliates Management Group (M.A.B.), Grand Forks, ND; Department of Neurosurgery (D.F.B.), Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston; Department of Neurology (L.B.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Atlanta VA Medical Center and Department of Radiology and Imaging Science (A.C.), Emory University, GA; Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics (S.P.), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Neurology (M.A.R.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Departments of Critical Care Medicine, Neurology, and Neurosurgery (L.S.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Anesthesia (R.C.T.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Department of Neurology (P.N.V.), Albany Medical College, NY; Department of Neurology (E.W.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; American Academy of Neurology (A.B., S.R.W.), Minneapolis, MN; and Department of Neurosciences (J.J.H.), Overlook Medical Center, Summit, NJ
Robert C Tasker From the Department of Neurology (D.M.G., C.T.), Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, MA; Departments of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Neurology, and Pediatrics (M.P.K.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (A.L.), NYU Langone Medical Center, New York City; Department of Neurology (G.S.G.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (A.R.-G.), Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of the Case Western Reserve University, OH; Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology (S.A.), Loma Linda University School of Medicine, CA; Surgical Affiliates Management Group (M.A.B.), Grand Forks, ND; Department of Neurosurgery (D.F.B.), Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston; Department of Neurology (L.B.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Atlanta VA Medical Center and Department of Radiology and Imaging Science (A.C.), Emory University, GA; Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics (S.P.), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Neurology (M.A.R.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Departments of Critical Care Medicine, Neurology, and Neurosurgery (L.S.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Anesthesia (R.C.T.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Department of Neurology (P.N.V.), Albany Medical College, NY; Department of Neurology (E.W.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; American Academy of Neurology (A.B., S.R.W.), Minneapolis, MN; and Department of Neurosciences (J.J.H.), Overlook Medical Center, Summit, NJ
Panayiotis Nicolaou Varelas From the Department of Neurology (D.M.G., C.T.), Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, MA; Departments of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Neurology, and Pediatrics (M.P.K.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (A.L.), NYU Langone Medical Center, New York City; Department of Neurology (G.S.G.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (A.R.-G.), Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of the Case Western Reserve University, OH; Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology (S.A.), Loma Linda University School of Medicine, CA; Surgical Affiliates Management Group (M.A.B.), Grand Forks, ND; Department of Neurosurgery (D.F.B.), Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston; Department of Neurology (L.B.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Atlanta VA Medical Center and Department of Radiology and Imaging Science (A.C.), Emory University, GA; Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics (S.P.), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Neurology (M.A.R.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Departments of Critical Care Medicine, Neurology, and Neurosurgery (L.S.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Anesthesia (R.C.T.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Department of Neurology (P.N.V.), Albany Medical College, NY; Department of Neurology (E.W.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; American Academy of Neurology (A.B., S.R.W.), Minneapolis, MN; and Department of Neurosciences (J.J.H.), Overlook Medical Center, Summit, NJ
Eelco Wijdicks From the Department of Neurology (D.M.G., C.T.), Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, MA; Departments of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Neurology, and Pediatrics (M.P.K.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (A.L.), NYU Langone Medical Center, New York City; Department of Neurology (G.S.G.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (A.R.-G.), Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of the Case Western Reserve University, OH; Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology (S.A.), Loma Linda University School of Medicine, CA; Surgical Affiliates Management Group (M.A.B.), Grand Forks, ND; Department of Neurosurgery (D.F.B.), Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston; Department of Neurology (L.B.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Atlanta VA Medical Center and Department of Radiology and Imaging Science (A.C.), Emory University, GA; Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics (S.P.), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Neurology (M.A.R.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Departments of Critical Care Medicine, Neurology, and Neurosurgery (L.S.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Anesthesia (R.C.T.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Department of Neurology (P.N.V.), Albany Medical College, NY; Department of Neurology (E.W.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; American Academy of Neurology (A.B., S.R.W.), Minneapolis, MN; and Department of Neurosciences (J.J.H.), Overlook Medical Center, Summit, NJ
Amy Bennett From the Department of Neurology (D.M.G., C.T.), Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, MA; Departments of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Neurology, and Pediatrics (M.P.K.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (A.L.), NYU Langone Medical Center, New York City; Department of Neurology (G.S.G.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (A.R.-G.), Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of the Case Western Reserve University, OH; Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology (S.A.), Loma Linda University School of Medicine, CA; Surgical Affiliates Management Group (M.A.B.), Grand Forks, ND; Department of Neurosurgery (D.F.B.), Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston; Department of Neurology (L.B.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Atlanta VA Medical Center and Department of Radiology and Imaging Science (A.C.), Emory University, GA; Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics (S.P.), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Neurology (M.A.R.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Departments of Critical Care Medicine, Neurology, and Neurosurgery (L.S.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Anesthesia (R.C.T.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Department of Neurology (P.N.V.), Albany Medical College, NY; Department of Neurology (E.W.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; American Academy of Neurology (A.B., S.R.W.), Minneapolis, MN; and Department of Neurosciences (J.J.H.), Overlook Medical Center, Summit, NJ
Scott R Wessels From the Department of Neurology (D.M.G., C.T.), Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, MA; Departments of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Neurology, and Pediatrics (M.P.K.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (A.L.), NYU Langone Medical Center, New York City; Department of Neurology (G.S.G.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (A.R.-G.), Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of the Case Western Reserve University, OH; Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology (S.A.), Loma Linda University School of Medicine, CA; Surgical Affiliates Management Group (M.A.B.), Grand Forks, ND; Department of Neurosurgery (D.F.B.), Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston; Department of Neurology (L.B.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Atlanta VA Medical Center and Department of Radiology and Imaging Science (A.C.), Emory University, GA; Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics (S.P.), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Neurology (M.A.R.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Departments of Critical Care Medicine, Neurology, and Neurosurgery (L.S.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Anesthesia (R.C.T.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Department of Neurology (P.N.V.), Albany Medical College, NY; Department of Neurology (E.W.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; American Academy of Neurology (A.B., S.R.W.), Minneapolis, MN; and Department of Neurosciences (J.J.H.), Overlook Medical Center, Summit, NJ
John J Halperin From the Department of Neurology (D.M.G., C.T.), Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, MA; Departments of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Neurology, and Pediatrics (M.P.K.), Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania; Departments of Neurology and Neurosurgery (A.L.), NYU Langone Medical Center, New York City; Department of Neurology (G.S.G.), University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City; Department of Neurology (A.R.-G.), Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of the Case Western Reserve University, OH; Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology (S.A.), Loma Linda University School of Medicine, CA; Surgical Affiliates Management Group (M.A.B.), Grand Forks, ND; Department of Neurosurgery (D.F.B.), Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston; Department of Neurology (L.B.), University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Atlanta VA Medical Center and Department of Radiology and Imaging Science (A.C.), Emory University, GA; Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics (S.P.), Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA; Department of Neurology (M.A.R.), University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; Departments of Critical Care Medicine, Neurology, and Neurosurgery (L.S.), University of Pittsburgh, PA; Department of Anesthesia (R.C.T.), Boston Children's Hospital, MA; Department of Neurology (P.N.V.), Albany Medical College, NY; Department of Neurology (E.W.), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN; American Academy of Neurology (A.B., S.R.W.), Minneapolis, MN; and Department of Neurosciences (J.J.H.), Overlook Medical Center, Summit, NJ

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Spears W, Mian A, Greer D. Brain death: a clinical overview. J Intensive Care 2022;10:16. [PMID: 35292111 PMCID: PMC8925092 DOI: 10.1186/s40560-022-00609-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open

Chen Z, Su Y, Liu G, Fan L, Zhang Y, Chen W, Ye H, Huang H. Investigation of Apnea Testing During Brain Death Determination in China. ASAIO J 2021;67:1211-1216. [PMID: 33769346 DOI: 10.1097/mat.0000000000001385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open

Busl KM, Lewis A, Varelas PN. Apnea Testing for the Determination of Brain Death: A Systematic Scoping Review. Neurocrit Care 2021;34:608-620. [PMID: 32524528 PMCID: PMC7286635 DOI: 10.1007/s12028-020-01015-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]

Apnea Testing in the Setting of Pediatric Brain Death: Continuous Positive Airway Pressure May Be the Safer Option. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2020;21:1107-1108. [PMID: 33278226 DOI: 10.1097/pcc.0000000000002528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]

Apnea Testing Using Continuous Positive Airway Pressure When Determining Death by Neurologic Criteria in Children: Retrospective Analysis of Potential Adverse Events. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2020;21:e1152-e1156. [PMID: 32701745 DOI: 10.1097/pcc.0000000000002457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]

Abstract

OBJECTIVES

To determine the prevalence of adverse events during apnea testing for determination of death by neurologic criteria using continuous positive airway pressure in children.

DESIGN

Single-center retrospective descriptive study.

SETTING

Academic children's hospital.

PATIENTS

Children evaluated for death by neurologic criteria in the PICU from 2013 to 2018.

INTERVENTIONS

None.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS

For each patient evaluated for death by neurologic criteria, we abstracted the number of apnea tests performed, vital signs and arterial blood gases during apnea testing, and outcome from the medical record. Adverse events were defined as oxygen-hemoglobin desaturation (arterial oxygen saturation < 85%), hypotension, or other significant event (e.g. arrhythmia, cardiac arrest) based on documentation in the medical record. We determined which adverse events resulted in early termination of the apnea test. We used oxygenation index, ventilator variables, and presence of vasopressors to determine preapnea test cardiopulmonary dysfunction. Seventy-two patients (age 7 yr [2.7-13.2 yr]; 48% male) underwent 121 apnea tests. Nine patients (12%) had 13 potential apnea tests deferred due to concern for cardiopulmonary instability as determined by the attending physician. Patients who underwent apnea testing had an oxygenation index of 3.5 (2.5-4.8) and were receiving vasopressors at the time of 108 apnea tests (89%). Hypotension was reported during seven apnea tests (6%) and resulted in the early termination of one apnea test (<1%). No other adverse events were reported. One hundred and twenty apnea tests (99%) were consistent with death by neurologic criteria.

CONCLUSIONS

Apnea testing following a protocol that uses continuous positive airway pressure for apneic oxygenation has a low rate of adverse events in children meeting prerequisite criteria and determined by a pediatric intensivist to be physiologically appropriate for testing.

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Hester DM. Determining Death and the Scope of Medical Obligations. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BIOETHICS : AJOB 2020;20:37-39. [PMID: 32618504 DOI: 10.1080/15265161.2020.1754502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]

Solek-Pastuszka J, Biernawska J, Iwańczuk W, Kojder K, Chelstowski K, Bohatyrewicz R, Sawicki M. Comparison of Two Apnea Test Methods, Oxygen Insufflation and Continuous Positive Airway Pressure During Diagnosis of Brain Death: Final Report. Neurocrit Care 2020;30:348-354. [PMID: 30209714 PMCID: PMC6420424 DOI: 10.1007/s12028-018-0608-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]

Abstract

Introduction

Deterioration of the pulmonary function after the apnea test (AT) conducted with the classic oxygen insufflation AT (I-AT) is often observed during the brain death (BD) diagnosis procedure. In the present study, two AT methods were compared before a method is recommended for the currently revised Polish BD criteria.

Methods

Classic I-AT and continuous positive airway pressure AT (CPAP-AT) were performed in 60 intensive care unit patients. I-AT was performed at the end of two series of clinical tests, and approximately 1–1.5 h later, after BD was confirmed, a different method, CPAP-AT with 100% FiO₂ and CPAP value of 10 cm H₂O provided by a ventilator in CPAP mode was performed. The patients in I-AT and CPAP-AT groups were further divided into two subgroups: non-hypoxemic (NH) with good lung function before AT (PaO₂/FiO₂ index ≥ 200 mmHg) and hypoxemic (H) with poor lung function (PaO₂/FiO₂ index < 200 mmHg). PaO₂ and PaCO₂ were recorded prior to I-AT and CPAP-AT at time-point one (T1), 5 min after each test at time-point two (T2), and after 10 min prior to the end of tests at time-point three (T3). The I-AT NH subgroup consisted of 50 patients, and CPAP-AT NH subgroup 43 patients. The I-AT H subgroup consisted of 10 patients, and the CPAP-AT H subgroup 17 patients.

Results

In the I-AT NH subgroup, a gradual decrease in PaO₂/FiO₂ was observed throughout the AT but not in the CPAP-AT NH subgroup. The PaO₂/FiO₂ ratio during the AT in the CPAP-AT H group was stable with a slight tendency to increase but not in the I-AT H group. During the first 5 min of the AT, the mean increase in CO₂ was approximately 5 mmHg/min. Most patients in all groups met the AT criteria after 5 min of the test.

Conclusions

The results from the study show that I-AT may compromise pulmonary function in some cases and is one of the reasons for the recommendation of a safer option, CPAP-AT, in the currently revised Polish BD criteria. During AT, the mean CO₂ increase rate was 5 mmHg/min, which, in most patients, would allow the test to be completed after just 5 min.

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Identification of Hemodynamic Risk Factors for Apnea Test Failure During Brain Death Determination. Transplant Proc 2019;51:1655-1660. [PMID: 31255358 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2019.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]

Park J, Lee YJ, Hong KS. Proposed safe apnea test using positive end-expiratory pressure valve and short-term blood gas analysis: Observational study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019;98:e15602. [PMID: 31083250 PMCID: PMC6531214 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000015602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open

Drake M, Bernard A, Hessel E. Brain Death. Surg Clin North Am 2017;97:1255-1273. [PMID: 29132508 DOI: 10.1016/j.suc.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]