2
|
Mohan KN. Editorial: New insights into investigating schizophrenia as a disorder of molecular pathways. Front Mol Neurosci 2024; 17:1360616. [PMID: 38274843 PMCID: PMC10805877 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2024.1360616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kommu Naga Mohan
- Molecular Biology and Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, BITS Pilani Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, India
- Centre for Human Disease Research, BITS Pilani Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lv W, Jin S, Cao D, Wang N, Jin X, Zhang Y. Effects of Luteinizing Hormone Releasing Hormone A2 on Gonad Development in Juvenile Amur Sturgeon, Acipenser schrenckii, Revealed by Transcriptome Profiling Analysis. Front Genet 2022; 13:859965. [PMID: 35401695 PMCID: PMC8989137 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.859965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Acipenser schrenckii is an economically important aquatic species whose gonads require particularly long times to reach sexual maturity. Luteinizing hormone plays important roles in gonad development, and luteinizing hormone releasing hormone A2 (LH-A2) is used as an oxytocin to promote ovulation in aquaculture of A. schrenckii. In this study, we aimed to determine the effects of LH-A2 on gonad development in juvenile A. schrenckii through transcriptome profiling analysis of the pituitary and gonads after LH-A2 treatment at a dose of 3 μg/kg. The 17β-estradiol (E2) levels gradually increased with LH-A2 treatment time, and significantly differed from those of the control group on days 5 and 7 (p < 0.01). However, the content of testosterone (Testo) gradually decreased with LH-A2 treatment time and showed significant differences on day 3 (p < 0.05), and on days 5 and 7 (p < 0.01), compared to those in the control group. Thus, LH-A2 promotes the secretion of E2 and inhibits the secretion of Testo. Transcriptome profiling analysis revealed a total of 2,883 and 8,476 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the pituitary and gonads, respectively, thus indicating that LH-A2 has more regulatory effects on the gonads than the pituitary in A. schrenckii. Signal transduction, global and overview maps, immune system, endocrine system and lipid metabolism were the main enriched metabolic pathways in both the pituitary and gonads. Sixteen important genes were selected from these metabolic pathways. Seven genes were co-DEGs enriched in both signal transduction and endocrine system metabolic pathways. The other co-DEGs were selected from the immune system and lipid metabolism metabolic pathways, and showed mRNA expression changes of >7.0. The expression of five DEGs throughout LH-A2 treatment was verified to show the same patterns of change as those observed with RNA-seq, indicating the accuracy of the RNA-seq in this study. Our findings provide valuable evidence of the regulation of gonad development of juvenile A. schrenckii by LH-A2 and may enable the establishment of artificial techniques to regulate gonad development in this species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weihua Lv
- Key Open Laboratory of Cold Water Fish Germplasm Resources and Breeding of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Shubo Jin
- Key Open Laboratory of Cold Water Fish Germplasm Resources and Breeding of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Dingchen Cao
- Key Open Laboratory of Cold Water Fish Germplasm Resources and Breeding of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Nianmin Wang
- Key Open Laboratory of Cold Water Fish Germplasm Resources and Breeding of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xing Jin
- Key Open Laboratory of Cold Water Fish Germplasm Resources and Breeding of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Key Open Laboratory of Cold Water Fish Germplasm Resources and Breeding of Heilongjiang Province, Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hormone Targets for the Treatment of Sleep Disorders in Postmenopausal Women with Schizophrenia: A Narrative Review. Clocks Sleep 2022; 4:52-65. [PMID: 35225953 PMCID: PMC8883931 DOI: 10.3390/clockssleep4010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
While the early identification of insomnia in patients with schizophrenia is of clinical relevance, the use of specific compounds to treat insomnia has been studied less in postmenopausal women with schizophrenia. We aimed to explore the effects of melatonin, sex hormones, and raloxifene for the treatment of insomnia in these populations. Although melatonin treatment improved the quality and efficiency of the sleep of patients with schizophrenia, few studies have explored its use in postmenopausal women with schizophrenia. The estrogen and progesterone pathways are dysregulated in major psychiatric disorders, such as in schizophrenia. While, in the context of menopause, a high testosterone-to-estradiol ratio is associated with higher frequencies of depressive symptoms, the effects of estradiol and other sex hormones on sleep disorders in postmenopausal women with schizophrenia has not been sufficiently investigated. Raloxifene, a selective estrogen receptor modulator, has shown positive effects on sleep disorders in postmenopausal women. Future studies should investigate the effectiveness of hormonal compounds on insomnia in postmenopausal women with schizophrenia.
Collapse
|
5
|
Wei Q, Yan W, Zhang R, Yang X, Xie S. Aberrant cortical surface and cognition function in drug-naive first-episode schizophrenia. Ann Gen Psychiatry 2022; 21:4. [PMID: 35144626 PMCID: PMC8830089 DOI: 10.1186/s12991-022-00381-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Impaired cognitive function is a central symptom of schizophrenia and is often correlated with inferior global functional outcomes. However, the role of some neurobiological factors such as cortical structure alterations in the underlying cognitive damages in schizophrenia remains unclear. The present study attempted to explore the neurobiomarkers of cognitive function in drug-naive, first-episode schizophrenia by using structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). METHODS The present study was conducted in patients with drug-naive, first-episode schizophrenia (SZ) and healthy controls (HCs). MRI T1 images were pre-processed using CAT12. Surface-based morphometry (SBM) was utilised to evaluate structural parameters such as cortical thickness and sulcus depth. The positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) and Chinese version of the Measurement and Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia (MATRICS) consensus cognitive battery (MCCB) were employed to estimate the psychotic symptoms and cognition, respectively. RESULTS A total of 117 patients with drug-naive first-episode schizophrenia (SZ) and 98 healthy controls (HCs) were included. Both the cortical thickness and sulcus depth in the frontal lobe were lower in patients with SZ than in the HCs under family-wise error correction (p < 0.05). Attention and visual learning in MCCB were positively correlated with the right lateral orbitofrontal cortical thickness in the patients with SZ (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS The reduced surface value of multiple cortical structures, particularly the cortical thickness and sulcus depth in the frontal lobe, could be the potential biomarkers for cognitive impairment in SZ.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Wei
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Wei Yan
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Rongrong Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Xuna Yang
- Medical Department, Suzhou Guangji Hospital, Suzhou, 215008, China.
| | - Shiping Xie
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Li N, Gao S, Wang S, He S, Wang J, He L, Jiang D, Shi YS, Zhang J, Gu Y, Chen T, Kong M, Xu X, Zhao Q. Attractin Participates in Schizophrenia by Affecting Testosterone Levels. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:755165. [PMID: 34869343 PMCID: PMC8636034 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.755165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Attractin (ATRN) is a widely expressed glycoprotein that is involved in energy homeostasis, neurodevelopment, and immune response. It is encoded by a gene spanning 180 kb on chromosome 20p13, a region previously implicated in schizophrenia by linkage studies. To address a possible role of ATRN in disorders of the central nervous system, we created an atrn knockout zebrafish line and performed behavioral tests. Adult atrn–/– zebrafish exhibited more pronounced attack behavior relative to wild-type control zebrafish in a tracking analysis. Biochemical analysis revealed elevated testosterone levels in atrn–/– zebrafish. At the gene expression level, we noted an upregulation of cyp51 and hsd17b7, key proteins in testosterone synthesis in the brains of both adult and larvae of atrn–/– zebrafish. In order to further elucidate the relationship between testosterone and behavioral syndromes, we then compared testosterone levels of 9,008 psychiatric patients and 247 healthy controls from the same catchment area. Of all subjects examined, male subjects with schizophrenia exhibited lower testosterone levels compared with controls. In contrast, female subjects with a diagnosis of schizophrenia or bipolar disorder featured higher testosterone levels than did same sex controls. Purposeful sampling of extreme groups showed reduced ATRN expression in a subset of these subjects. Finally, we identified 14 subjects with ATRN mutations. All of whom displayed abnormal testosterone levels. In summary, the interplay of ATRN and testosterone may help to explain sexual dimorphisms in selected behavioral phenotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Li
- Model Animal Research Center, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuzhan Gao
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuang Wang
- Model Animal Research Center, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Jiayin Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Luqingqing He
- Model Animal Research Center, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dongya Jiang
- Model Animal Research Center, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun Stone Shi
- Department of Psychiatry, Nanjing Brain Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Yuan Gu
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tian Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingjun Kong
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xijia Xu
- Department of Psychiatry, Nanjing Brain Hospital, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qingshun Zhao
- Model Animal Research Center, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|