Progranulin expression induced by follicle-stimulating hormone in ovarian cancer cell lines depends on the histological subtype

The adipokines progranulin and omentin can directly regulate feline ovarian granulosa cell functions

The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of the adipokines progranulin and omentin on the basic functions of feline ovarian cells. For this purpose, we investigated the effects of the addition of progranulin and omentin (0, 0.1, 1, or 10 ng/ml) on the proliferation (accumulation of PCNA and cyclin B1), apoptosis (accumulation of Bax and caspase 3) and progesterone release of cultured feline ovarian granulosa cells by quantitative immunocytochemistry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). Both progranulin and omentin increased cell proliferation and decreased apoptosis. Both progranulin and omentin promoted progesterone release. The present findings demonstrate that the adipokines progranulin and omentin can directly regulate basic feline ovarian cell functions.

The adipokines progranulin and omentin - novel regulators of basic ovarian cell functions

The present study aimed to examine the effects of progranulin and omentin on basic ovarian cell functions. For this purpose, we investigated the effects of the addition of progranulin and omentin (0, 0.1, 1, or 10 ng/ml) on the viability, proliferation, apoptosis and steroidogenesis of cultured rabbit ovarian granulosa cells. To determine the importance of the interrelationships between granulosa cells and theca cells, we compared the influence of progranulin and omentin on progesterone and estradiol release in cultured granulosa cells and ovarian fragments containing both granulosa cells and theca cells. Cell viability, proliferation, cytoplasmic apoptosis and release of progesterone and estradiol were measured by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8), BrdU incorporation, cell death detection, and ELISA. Both progranulin and omentin increased granulosa cell viability and proliferation and decreased apoptosis. Progranulin increased progesterone release by granulosa cells but reduced progesterone output by ovarian fragments. Progranulin decreased estradiol release by granulosa cells but increased it in ovarian fragments. Omentin reduced progesterone release in both models. Omentin reduced estradiol release by granulosa cells but promoted this release in ovarian fragments. The present observations are the first to demonstrate that progranulin and omentin can be direct regulators of basic ovarian cell functions. Furthermore, the differences in the effects of these adipokines on steroidogenesis via granulosa and ovarian fragments indicate that these peptides could target both granulosa and theca cells.

Hormone supply to the pituitary gland: A comprehensive investigation of female‑related tumors (Review)

The hypothalamus acts on the pituitary gland after signal integration, thus regulating various physiological functions of the body. The pituitary gland includes the adenohypophysis and neurohypophysis, which differ in structure and function. The hypothalamus-hypophysis axis controls the secretion of adenohypophyseal hormones through the pituitary portal vein system. Thyroid-stimulating hormone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, gonadotropin, growth hormone (GH), and prolactin (PRL) are secreted by the adenohypophysis and regulate the functions of the body in physiological and pathological conditions. The aim of this review was to summarize the functions of female-associated hormones (GH, PRL, luteinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone) in tumors. Their pathophysiology was described and the mechanisms underlying female hormone-related diseases were investigated.