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Xia Y, Zhao J, Saeed M, Hussain N, Chen X, Guo Z, Yong Y, Chen H. Molecular Modification Strategies of Nitrilase for Its Potential Application in Agriculture. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:15106-15121. [PMID: 38949086 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c03388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Some feed source plants will produce secondary metabolites such as cyanogenic glycosides during metabolism, which will produce some poisonous nitrile compounds after hydrolysis and remain in plant tissues. The consumption of feed-source plants without proper treatment affect the health of the animals' bodies. Nitrilases can convert nitriles and have been used in industry as green biocatalysts. However, due to their bottleneck problems, their application in agriculture is still facing challenges. Acid-resistant nitrilase preparations, high-temperature resistance, antiprotease activity, strong activity, and strict reaction specificity urgently need to be developed. In this paper, the application potential of nitrilase in agriculture, especially in feed processing industry was explored, the source properties and catalytic mechanism of nitrilase were reviewed, and modification strategies for nitrilase application in agriculture were proposed to provide references for future research and application of nitrilase in agricultural and especially in the biological feed scene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Xia
- School of the Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province 212013, China
| | - Jia Zhao
- School of the Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province 212013, China
| | - Muhammad Saeed
- School of the Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province 212013, China
- Department of Poultry Science, Faculty of Animal Production and Technology, The Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Nazar Hussain
- School of the Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province 212013, China
| | - Xihua Chen
- School of the Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province 212013, China
| | - Zhongjian Guo
- School of the Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province 212013, China
| | - Yangchun Yong
- Biofuels Institute, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province 212013, China
| | - Huayou Chen
- School of the Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu Province 212013, China
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2
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Bhalla TC, Thakur N, Kumar V. Arylacetonitrilases: Potential Biocatalysts for Green Chemistry. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024; 196:1769-1785. [PMID: 37453025 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04643-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Nitrilases are the enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of nitriles to corresponding carboxylic acid and ammonia. They are broadly categorized into aromatic, aliphatic, and arylacetonitrilases based on their substrate specificity. Most of the studies pertaining to these enzymes in the literature have focused on aromatic and aliphatic nitrilases. However, arylacetonitrilases have attracted the attention of academia and industry in the last several years due to their aryl specificity and enantioselectivity. They have emerged as interesting biocatalytic tools in green chemistry to synthesize useful aryl acids such as mandelic acid and derivatives of phenylacetic acid. The aim of the present review is to collate information on the arylacetonitrilases and their catalytic properties including enantioselectivity and potential applications in organic synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tek Chand Bhalla
- Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University, Himachal Pradesh, Gyan-Path, Shimla, 171005, India.
| | - Neerja Thakur
- Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University, Himachal Pradesh, Gyan-Path, Shimla, 171005, India
- Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Himachal Pradesh, Rajkiya Kanya Mahavidyalaya, Longwood, Shimla, 171001, India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Himachal Pradesh University, Himachal Pradesh, Gyan-Path, Shimla, 171005, India
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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3
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Singh RV, Sambyal K. Green synthesis aspects of (R)-(-)-mandelic acid; a potent pharmaceutically active agent and its future prospects. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2023; 43:1226-1235. [PMID: 36154348 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2022.2109004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
(R)-(-)-mandelic acid is an important carboxylic acid known for its numerous potential applications in the pharmaceutical industry as it is an ideal starting material for the synthesis of antibiotics, antiobesity drugs and antitumor agents. In past few decades, the synthesis of (R)-(-)-mandelic acid has been undertaken mainly through the chemical route. However, chemical synthesis of optically pure (R)-(-)-mandelic acid is difficult to achieve at an industrial scale. Therefore, its microbe mediated production has gained considerable attention as it exhibits many merits over the chemical approaches. The present review focuses on various biotechnological strategies for the production of (R)-(-)-mandelic acid through microbial biotransformation and enzymatic catalysis; in particular, an analysis and comparison of the synthetic methods and different enzymes. The wild type as well as recombinant microbial strains for the production of (R)-(-)-mandelic acid have been elucidated. In addition, different microbial strategies used for maximum bioconversion of mandelonitrile into (R)-(-)-mandelic acid are discussed in detail with regard to higher substrate tolerance and maximum bioconversion.HighlightsMandelonitrile, mandelamide and o-chloromandelonitrile can be used as substrates to produce (R)-(-)-mandelic acid by enzymes.Three enzymes (nitrilase, nitrile hydratase and amidase) are systematically introduced for production of (R)-(-)-mandelic acid.Microbial transformation is able to produce optically pure (R)-(-)-mandelic acid with 100% productive yield.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Krishika Sambyal
- University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, India
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4
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Phelan RM, Abrahamson MJ, Brown JTC, Zhang RK, Zwick CR. Development of Scalable Processes with Underutilized Biocatalyst Classes. Org Process Res Dev 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.1c00467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M. Phelan
- Process Research and Development, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Michael J. Abrahamson
- Operations Science and Technology, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Jesse T. C. Brown
- Process Research and Development, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Ruijie K. Zhang
- Discovery Chemistry and Technology, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Christian R. Zwick
- Process Research and Development, AbbVie Inc., North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
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Egelkamp R, Friedrich I, Hertel R, Daniel R. From sequence to function: a new workflow for nitrilase identification. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:4957-4970. [PMID: 32291488 PMCID: PMC7228900 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10544-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Nitrilases are industrially important biocatalysts due to their ability to degrade nitriles to carboxylic acids and ammonia. In this study, a workflow for simple and fast recovery of nitrilase candidates from metagenomes is presented. For identification of active enzymes, a NADH-coupled high-throughput assay was established. Purification of enzymes could be omitted as the assay is based on crude extract containing the expressed putative nitrilases. In addition, long incubation times were avoided by combining nitrile and NADH conversion in a single reaction. This allowed the direct measurement of nitrile degradation and provided not only insights into substrate spectrum and specificity but also in degradation efficiency. The novel assay was used for investigation of candidate nitrilase-encoding genes. Seventy putative nitrilase-encoding gene and the corresponding deduced protein sequences identified during sequence-based screens of metagenomes derived from nitrile-treated microbial communities were analyzed. Subsequently, the assay was applied to 13 selected candidate genes and proteins. Six of the generated corresponding Escherichia coli clones produced nitrilases that showed activity and one unusual nitrilase was purified and analyzed. The activity of the novel arylacetonitrilase Nit09 exhibited a broad pH range and a high long-term stability. The enzyme showed high activity for arylacetonitriles with a KM of 1.29 mM and a Vmax of 13.85 U/mg protein for phenylacetonitrile. In conclusion, we provided a setup for simple and rapid analysis of putative nitrilase-encoding genes from sequence to function. The suitability was demonstrated by identification, isolation, and characterization of the arylacetonitrilase. Key points • A simple and fast high-throughput nitrilase screening was developed. • A set of putative nitrilases was successfully screened with the assay. • A novel arylacetonitrilase was identified, purified, and characterized in detail. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00253-020-10544-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Egelkamp
- Genomic and Applied Microbiology & Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, Grisebachstraße 8, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ines Friedrich
- Genomic and Applied Microbiology & Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, Grisebachstraße 8, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Robert Hertel
- Genomic and Applied Microbiology & Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, Grisebachstraße 8, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Rolf Daniel
- Genomic and Applied Microbiology & Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August-University of Göttingen, Grisebachstraße 8, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
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Chhiba-Govindjee VP, van der Westhuyzen CW, Bode ML, Brady D. Bacterial nitrilases and their regulation. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 103:4679-4692. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-09776-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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7
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Hajihassan Z, Tilko PG, Sadat SM. Improved Production of Recombinant Human β-NGF in Escherichia coli - a Bioreactor Scale Study. Pol J Microbiol 2018; 67:355-363. [PMID: 30451453 PMCID: PMC7256796 DOI: 10.21307/pjm-2018-045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Human nerve growth factor β (β-NGF) is considered a major therapeutic agent for treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. We have previously reported the optimized conditions for β-NGF overproduction in Escherichia coli in a shake-flask culture. In this study the optimal %DO (dissolved oxygen) and post induction temperature values for improved production of β-NGF were found in the bioreactor scale using response surface methodology (RSM) as the most common statistical method. Also, for further enhancement of the yield, different post-induction periods of time were selected for testing. In all experiments, the productivity level and bacterial cell growth were evaluated by western blotting technique and monitoring of absorbance at 600 nm, respectively. Our results indicated that %DO, the post-induction time and temperature have significant effects on the production of β-NGF. After 2 hours of induction, the low post induction temperature of 32°C and 20% DO were used to increase the production of β-NGF in a 5-l bioreactor. Another important result obtained in this study was that the improved β-NGF production was not achieved at highest dry cell weigh or highest cell growth. These results are definitely of importance for industrial β-NGF production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Hajihassan
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pouria Gholami Tilko
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Mahdieh Sadat
- Department of Life Science Engineering, Faculty of New Sciences and Technologies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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8
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Xue YP, Jiao B, Hua DE, Cheng F, Liu ZQ, Zheng YG. Improving catalytic performance of an arylacetonitrilase by semirational engineering. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2017; 40:1565-1572. [DOI: 10.1007/s00449-017-1812-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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9
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Poterała M, Dranka M, Borowiecki P. Chemoenzymatic Preparation of Enantiomerically Enriched (
R
)‐(–)‐Mandelic Acid Derivatives: Application in the Synthesis of the Active Agent Pemoline. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201700161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Poterała
- Warsaw University of Technology Faculty of Chemistry Department of Organic Chemistry Koszykowa St. 3 00‐664 Warsaw Poland
| | - Maciej Dranka
- Warsaw University of Technology Faculty of Chemistry Department of Organic Chemistry Koszykowa St. 3 00‐664 Warsaw Poland
| | - Paweł Borowiecki
- Warsaw University of Technology Faculty of Chemistry Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Solid State Technology Koszykowa St. 3 00‐664 Warsaw Poland
- Warsaw University of Technology Department of Drugs Technology and Biotechnology Koszykowa St. 3 00‐664 Warsaw Poland
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10
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Veselá AB, Rucká L, Kaplan O, Pelantová H, Nešvera J, Pátek M, Martínková L. Bringing nitrilase sequences from databases to life: the search for novel substrate specificities with a focus on dinitriles. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 100:2193-202. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-7023-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2015] [Revised: 09/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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11
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Wang H, Fan H, Sun H, Zhao L, Wei D. Process Development for the Production of (R)-(−)-Mandelic Acid by Recombinant Escherichia coli Cells Harboring Nitrilase from Burkholderia cenocepacia J2315. Org Process Res Dev 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.5b00269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hualei Wang
- State Key
Laboratory of Bioreactor
Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haiyang Fan
- State Key
Laboratory of Bioreactor
Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huihui Sun
- State Key
Laboratory of Bioreactor
Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Zhao
- State Key
Laboratory of Bioreactor
Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongzhi Wei
- State Key
Laboratory of Bioreactor
Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, People’s Republic of China
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12
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Wang J, Feng J, Li W, Yang C, Chen X, Bao B, Yang J, Wang P, Li D, Shi R. Characterization of a novel (R)-mandelate dehydrogenase from Pseudomonas putida NUST506. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2015.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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13
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14
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Cloning, purification and evaluation of the enzymatic properties of a novel arylacetonitrilase from Luminiphilus syltensis NOR5-1B: a potential biocatalyst for the synthesis of mandelic acid and its derivatives. Biotechnol Lett 2015; 37:1655-61. [PMID: 25854992 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-015-1830-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine nitrilase-mediated hydrolysis of nitriles to produce optically pure α-hydroxycarboxylic acids. RESULTS A novel nitrilase, GPnor51, from Luminiphilus syltensis NOR5-1B was discovered by genomic data mining. It could hydrolyze racemic o-chloromandelonitrile to (R)-o-chloromandelic acid with high enantioselectivity (ee 98.2 %). GPnor51 was overexpressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3), purified, and its catalytic properties studied. GPnor51 had a broad substrate acceptance toward various nitriles with structure diversity. It was an arylacetonitrilase that uses arylacetonitriles as optimal substrates. The V max and K m of GPnor51 towards o-chloromandelonitrile were 1.9 μmol min(-1) mg(-1) protein and 0.38 mM, respectively. GPnor51 also demonstrated high enantioselectivity toward mandelonitrile and other substituted mandelonitrile. CONCLUSION This enzyme has a great potential for commercial production of optically pure (R)-mandelic acid and its derivatives.
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Sohoni SV, Nelapati D, Sathe S, Javadekar-Subhedar V, Gaikaiwari RP, Wangikar PP. Optimization of high cell density fermentation process for recombinant nitrilase production in E. coli. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2015; 188:202-208. [PMID: 25739996 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Nitrilases constitute an important class of biocatalysts for chiral synthesis. This work was undertaken with the aim to optimize nitrilase production in a host that is well-studied for protein production. Process parameters were optimized for high cell density fermentation, in batch and fed-batch modes, of Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) expressing Pseudomonas fluorescens nitrilase with a T7 promoter based expression system. Effects of different substrates, temperature and isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) induction on nitrilase production were studied. Super optimal broth containing glycerol but without an inducer gave best results in batch mode with 32 °C as the optimal temperature. Use of IPTG led to insoluble protein and lower enzyme activity. Optimized fed-batch strategy resulted in significant improvement in specific activity as well as volumetric productivity of the enzyme. On a volumetric basis, the activity improved 40-fold compared to the unoptimized batch process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujata Vijay Sohoni
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India; DBT-Pan IIT Center for Bioenergy, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Dhanaraj Nelapati
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Sneha Sathe
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Vaishali Javadekar-Subhedar
- Hi Tech Biosciences India Ltd., C-2, 102/103, Saudamini Complex, Right Bhusari Colony, Paud Road, Kothrud, Pune 411038, India
| | - Raghavendra P Gaikaiwari
- Hi Tech Biosciences India Ltd., C-2, 102/103, Saudamini Complex, Right Bhusari Colony, Paud Road, Kothrud, Pune 411038, India
| | - Pramod P Wangikar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India; DBT-Pan IIT Center for Bioenergy, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India; Wadhwani Research Center for Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India.
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16
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Exploring the Potential of Fungal Arylacetonitrilases in Mandelic Acid Synthesis. Mol Biotechnol 2015; 57:466-74. [DOI: 10.1007/s12033-015-9840-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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17
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Ramteke PW, Maurice NG, Joseph B, Wadher BJ. Nitrile-converting enzymes: an eco-friendly tool for industrial biocatalysis. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2014; 60:459-81. [PMID: 23826937 DOI: 10.1002/bab.1139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Nitriles are organic compounds bearing a − C ≡ N group; they are frequently known to occur naturally in both fauna and flora and are also synthesized chemically. They have wide applicability in the fields of medicine, industry, and environmental monitoring. However, the majority of nitrile compounds are considered to be lethal, mutagenic, and carcinogenic in nature and are known to cause potential health problems such as nausea, bronchial irritation, respiratory distress, convulsions, coma, and skeletal deformities in humans. Nitrile-converting enzymes, which are extracted from microorganisms, are commonly termed nitrilases and have drawn the attention of researchers all over the world to combat the toxicity of nitrile compounds. The present review focuses on the utility of nitrile-converting enzymes, sources, classification, structure, properties, and applications, as well as the future perspective on nitrilases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pramod W Ramteke
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sam Higginbotom Institute of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Allahabad, India
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18
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Li MY, Wang XD. The influence of hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin on the enantioselective hydrolysis of 2-amino phenylpropionitrile catalyzed by recombinant nitrilase. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2014. [DOI: 10.1186/s40643-014-0004-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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19
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Pai O, Banoth L, Ghosh S, Chisti Y, Banerjee UC. Biotransformation of 3-cyanopyridine to nicotinic acid by free and immobilized cells of recombinant Escherichia coli. Process Biochem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2014.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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20
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Neumann J, Pawlik M, Bryniok D, Thöming J, Stolte S. Biodegradation potential of cyano-based ionic liquid anions in a culture of Cupriavidus spp. and their in vitro enzymatic hydrolysis by nitrile hydratase. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 21:9495-505. [PMID: 24338070 PMCID: PMC4133019 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-2341-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Biodegradation tests with bacteria from activated sludge revealed the probable persistence of cyano-based ionic liquid anions when these leave waste water treatment plants. A possible biological treatment using bacteria capable of biodegrading similar compounds, namely cyanide and cyano-complexes, was therefore examined. With these bacteria from the genera Cupriavidus, the ionic liquid anions B(CN)₄(-), C(CN)₃(-), N(CN)₂(-) combined with alkaline cations were tested in different growth media using ion chromatography for the examination of their primary biodegradability. However, no enhanced biodegradability of the tested cyano-based ionic liquids was observed. Therefore, an in vitro enzymatic hydrolysis test was additionally run showing that all tested ionic liquid (IL) anions can be hydrolysed to their corresponding amides by nitrile hydratase, but not by nitrilase under the experimental conditions. The biological stability of the cyano-based anions is an advantage in technological application, but the occurrence of enzymes that are able to hydrolyse the parent compound gives a new perspective on future cyano-based IL anion treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Neumann
- Department 3 Sustainable Chemistry, UFT - Centre for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology, University of Bremen, Leobener Straße, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Magdalena Pawlik
- Polish AGH University of Science and Technology, A. Mickiewicza 30 Ave. 30-059, Kraków, Poland
| | - Dieter Bryniok
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering, Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB, Nobelstraße 12, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jorg Thöming
- Department 4 Chemical Engineering - Recovery and Recycling, UFT - Centre for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology, University of Bremen, Leobener Straße, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Stefan Stolte
- Department 3 Sustainable Chemistry, UFT - Centre for Environmental Research and Sustainable Technology, University of Bremen, Leobener Straße, 28359 Bremen, Germany
- Department of Environmental Analysis, University of Gdańsk, ul. Sobieskiego 18/19, 80-952 Gdańsk, Poland
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Bhatia SK, Mehta PK, Bhatia RK, Bhalla TC. Optimization of arylacetonitrilase production from Alcaligenes sp. MTCC 10675 and its application in mandelic acid synthesis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 98:83-94. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-5288-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2013] [Revised: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/22/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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22
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Kaplan O, Veselá AB, Petříčková A, Pasquarelli F, Pičmanová M, Rinágelová A, Bhalla TC, Pátek M, Martínková L. A Comparative Study of Nitrilases Identified by Genome Mining. Mol Biotechnol 2013; 54:996-1003. [DOI: 10.1007/s12033-013-9656-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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23
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Xue YP, Xu M, Chen HS, Liu ZQ, Wang YJ, Zheng YG. A Novel Integrated Bioprocess for Efficient Production of (R)-(−)-Mandelic Acid with Immobilized Alcaligenes faecalis ZJUTB10. Org Process Res Dev 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/op3001993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ping Xue
- Institute of Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou
310014, Zhejiang, China
- Engineering Research
Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou
310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ming Xu
- Zhejiang Laiyi Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Shengzhou 312400, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hong-Sheng Chen
- Institute of Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou
310014, Zhejiang, China
- Engineering Research
Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou
310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Liu
- Institute of Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou
310014, Zhejiang, China
- Engineering Research
Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou
310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ya-Jun Wang
- Institute of Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou
310014, Zhejiang, China
- Engineering Research
Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou
310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu-Guo Zheng
- Institute of Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou
310014, Zhejiang, China
- Engineering Research
Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou
310014, Zhejiang, China
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Gong JS, Li H, Zhu XY, Lu ZM, Wu Y, Shi JS, Xu ZH. Fungal His-tagged nitrilase from Gibberella intermedia: gene cloning, heterologous expression and biochemical properties. PLoS One 2012; 7:e50622. [PMID: 23226336 PMCID: PMC3511519 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 10/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Nitrilase is an important member of the nitrilase superfamiliy. It has attracted substantial interest from academia and industry for its function of converting nitriles directly into the corresponding carboxylic acids in recent years. Thus nitrilase has played a crucial role in production of commercial carboxylic acids in chemical industry and detoxification of nitrile-contaminated wastes. However, conventional studies mainly focused on the bacterial nitrilase and the potential of fungal nitrilase has been far from being fully explored. Research on fungal nitrilase gene expression will advance our understanding for its biological function of fungal nitrilase in nitrile hydrolysis. Methodology/Principal Findings A fungal nitrilase gene from Gibberella intermedia was cloned through reverse transcription-PCR. The open reading frame consisted of 963 bp and potentially encoded a protein of 320 amino acid residues with a theoretical molecular mass of 35.94 kDa. Furthermore, the catalytic triad (Glu-45, Lys-127, and Cys-162) was proposed and confirmed by site-directed mutagenesis. The encoding gene was expressed in Escherichia coli Rosetta-gami (DE3) and the recombinant protein with His6-tag was purified to electrophoretic homogeneity. The purified enzyme exhibited optimal activity at 45°C and pH 7.8. This nitrilase was specific towards aliphatic and aromatic nitriles. The kinetic parameters Vmax and Km for 3-cyanopyridine were determined to be 0.81 µmol/min·mg and 12.11 mM through Hanes-Woolf plot, respectively. 3-Cyanopyridine (100 mM) could be thoroughly hydrolyzed into nicotinic acid within 10 min using the recombinant strain with the release of about 3% nicotinamide and no substrate was detected. Conclusions/Significance In the present study, a fungal nitrilase was cloned from the cDNA sequence of G. intermedia and successfully expressed in E. coli Rosetta-gami (DE3). The recombinant strain displayed good 3-cyanopyridine degradation efficiency and wide substrate spectrum. This fungal nitrilase might be a potential candidate for industrial applications in carboxylic acids production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Song Gong
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Medicine and Pharmaceutics, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Heng Li
- Laboratory of Bioactive Products Processing Engineering, School of Medicine and Pharmaceutics, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Yan Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen-Ming Lu
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Medicine and Pharmaceutics, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Song Shi
- Laboratory of Bioactive Products Processing Engineering, School of Medicine and Pharmaceutics, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zheng-Hong Xu
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Medicine and Pharmaceutics, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, People's Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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25
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Petříčková A, Sosedov O, Baum S, Stolz A, Martínková L. Influence of point mutations near the active site on the catalytic properties of fungal arylacetonitrilases from Aspergillus niger and Neurospora crassa. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molcatb.2012.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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26
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Pawar SV, Meena VS, Kaushik S, Kamble A, Kumar S, Chisti Y, Banerjee UC. Stereo-selective conversion of mandelonitrile to (R)-(−)-mandelic acid using immobilized cells of recombinant Escherichia coli. 3 Biotech 2012. [PMCID: PMC3482447 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-012-0058-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Immobilized cells of a recombinant Escherichia coli expressing nitrilase from Pseudomonas putida were used to catalyze the hydrolysis of mandelonitrile (2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetonitrile) to (R)-(−)-mandelic acid. The cells had been immobilized by entrapment in an alginate matrix. Conditions for the hydrolysis reaction were optimized in shake flasks and in a packed bed reactor. In shake flasks the best conditions for the reaction were a temperature of 40 °C, pH 8, biocatalyst bead diameter of 4.3 mm, sodium alginate concentration in the gel matrix of 2 % (w/v, g/100 mL), a cell dry mass concentration in the bead matrix of 20 mg/mL, an initial substrate concentration of 50 mM and a reaction time of 60 min. Under these conditions, the conversion of mandelonitrile was nearly 95 %. In the packed bed reactor, a feed flow rate of 20 mL/h at a substrate concentration of 200 mM proved to be the best at 40 °C, pH 8, using 4.3 mm beads (2 % w/v sodium alginate in the gel matrix, 20 mg dry cell concentration per mL of gel matrix). This feed flow rate corresponded to a residence time of 0.975 h in the packed bed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandip V. Pawar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Biotechnology), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector-67, SAS Nagar, 160 062 Punjab, India
| | - Vachan Singh Meena
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Biotechnology), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector-67, SAS Nagar, 160 062 Punjab, India
| | - Shubhangi Kaushik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Biotechnology), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector-67, SAS Nagar, 160 062 Punjab, India
| | - Ashwini Kamble
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Biotechnology), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector-67, SAS Nagar, 160 062 Punjab, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Biotechnology), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector-67, SAS Nagar, 160 062 Punjab, India
| | - Yusuf Chisti
- School of Engineering, Massey University, Private Bag 11 222, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - U. C. Banerjee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Biotechnology), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector-67, SAS Nagar, 160 062 Punjab, India
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Efficient production of (R)-o-chloromandelic acid by deracemization of o-chloromandelonitrile with a new nitrilase mined from Labrenzia aggregata. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2012; 95:91-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-3993-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2011] [Revised: 02/13/2012] [Accepted: 02/22/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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28
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Petříčková A, Veselá AB, Kaplan O, Kubáč D, Uhnáková B, Malandra A, Felsberg J, Rinágelová A, Weyrauch P, Křen V, Bezouška K, Martínková L. Purification and characterization of heterologously expressed nitrilases from filamentous fungi. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 93:1553-61. [PMID: 21892598 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-011-3525-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2011] [Revised: 07/21/2011] [Accepted: 08/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Nitrilases from Aspergillus niger CBS 513.88, A. niger K10, Gibberella moniliformis, Neurospora crassa OR74A, and Penicillium marneffei ATCC 18224 were expressed in Escherichia coli BL21-Gold (DE3) after IPTG induction. N. crassa nitrilase exhibited the highest yield of 69,000 U L(-1) culture. Co-expression of chaperones (GroEL/ES in G. moniliformis and P. marneffei; GroEL/ES and trigger factor in N. crassa and A. niger CBS 513.88) enhanced the enzyme solubility. Specific activities of strains expressing the former two enzymes increased approximately fourfold upon co-expression of GroEL/ES. The enzyme from G. moniliformis (co-purified with GroEL) preferred benzonitrile as substrate (K(m) of 0.41 mM, V(max) of 9.7 μmol min(-1) mg(-1) protein). The P. marneffei enzyme (unstable in its purified state) exhibited the highest V(max) of 7.3 μmol min(-1) mg(-1) protein in cell-free extract, but also a high K(m) of 15.4 mM, for 4-cyanopyridine. The purified nitrilases from A. niger CBS 513.88 and N. crassa acted preferentially on phenylacetonitrile (K(m) of 3.4 and 2.0 mM, respectively; V(max) of 10.6 and 17.5 μmol min(-1) mg(-1) protein, respectively), and hydrolyzed also (R,S)-mandelonitrile with higher K(m) values. Significant amounts of amides were only formed by the G. moniliformis nitrilase from phenylacetonitrile and 4-cyanopyridine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Petříčková
- Institute of Microbiology, Centre of Biocatalysis and Biotransformation, Prague, Czech Republic
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Dubey S, Singh A, Banerjee UC. Response surface methodology of nitrilase production by recombinant Escherichia coli. Braz J Microbiol 2011; 42:1085-92. [PMID: 24031726 PMCID: PMC3768802 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-838220110003000029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2009] [Revised: 11/05/2010] [Accepted: 03/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth and nitrilase production by recombinant Escherichia coli cells harbouring pET 21 (b) plasmid, for the expression of Pseudomonas putida nitrilase were improved using response surface methodology. Central composite design was used for obtaining ideal concentration of critical medium components which include fructose, tryptone, yeast extract and lactose. The optimal values for the concentration of fructose, tryptone, yeast extract and lactose were found to be 1.13, 2.26, 3.25 and 0.9 % (w/v), respectively. Here, fructose served as carbon source for the growth while lactose was preferably used as inducer for the expression of foreign protein. Yeast extract in the medium was used as a growth promoter while tryptone was added as a major nitrogen source. Using this optimized medium, an experimental growth of 6.67 (OD at 600 nm) and nitrilase activity of 27.13 U/ml was achieved. This approach for medium development led to an enhancement of the growth and enzyme activity by 1.4 and 2.2 times, respectively, as compared to the un-optimized medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin Dubey
- Biocatalysis Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research , Sector 67, S.A.S. Nagar-160 062, Punjab , India ; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva & University of Lausanne , 30 Quai Ernest Ansermet, 1211 Geneva , Switzerland
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30
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Kaplan O, Bezouška K, Plíhal O, Ettrich R, Kulik N, Vaněk O, Kavan D, Benada O, Malandra A, Sveda O, Veselá AB, Rinágelová A, Slámová K, Cantarella M, Felsberg J, Dušková J, Dohnálek J, Kotik M, Křen V, Martínková L. Heterologous expression, purification and characterization of nitrilase from Aspergillus niger K10. BMC Biotechnol 2011; 11:2. [PMID: 21210990 PMCID: PMC3023689 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6750-11-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2010] [Accepted: 01/06/2011] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitrilases attract increasing attention due to their utility in the mild hydrolysis of nitriles. According to activity and gene screening, filamentous fungi are a rich source of nitrilases distinct in evolution from their widely examined bacterial counterparts. However, fungal nitrilases have been less explored than the bacterial ones. Nitrilases are typically heterogeneous in their quaternary structures, forming short spirals and extended filaments, these features making their structural studies difficult. RESULTS A nitrilase gene was amplified by PCR from the cDNA library of Aspergillus niger K10. The PCR product was ligated into expression vectors pET-30(+) and pRSET B to construct plasmids pOK101 and pOK102, respectively. The recombinant nitrilase (Nit-ANigRec) expressed in Escherichia coli BL21-Gold(DE3)(pOK101/pTf16) was purified with an about 2-fold increase in specific activity and 35% yield. The apparent subunit size was 42.7 kDa, which is approx. 4 kDa higher than that of the enzyme isolated from the native organism (Nit-ANigWT), indicating post-translational cleavage in the enzyme's native environment. Mass spectrometry analysis showed that a C-terminal peptide (Val327 - Asn₃₅₆) was present in Nit-ANigRec but missing in Nit-ANigWT and Asp₂₉₈-Val₃₁₃ peptide was shortened to Asp₂₉₈-Arg₃₁₀ in Nit-ANigWT. The latter enzyme was thus truncated by 46 amino acids. Enzymes Nit-ANigRec and Nit-ANigWT differed in substrate specificity, acid/amide ratio, reaction optima and stability. Refolded recombinant enzyme stored for one month at 4°C was fractionated by gel filtration, and fractions were examined by electron microscopy. The late fractions were further analyzed by analytical centrifugation and dynamic light scattering, and shown to consist of a rather homogeneous protein species composed of 12-16 subunits. This hypothesis was consistent with electron microscopy and our modelling of the multimeric nitrilase, which supports an arrangement of dimers into helical segments as a plausible structural solution. CONCLUSIONS The nitrilase from Aspergillus niger K10 is highly homologous (≥86%) with proteins deduced from gene sequencing in Aspergillus and Penicillium genera. As the first of these proteins, it was shown to exhibit nitrilase activity towards organic nitriles. The comparison of the Nit-ANigRec and Nit-ANigWT suggested that the catalytic properties of nitrilases may be changed due to missing posttranslational cleavage of the former enzyme. Nit-ANigRec exhibits a lower tendency to form filaments and, moreover, the sample homogeneity can be further improved by in vitro protein refolding. The homogeneous protein species consisting of short spirals is expected to be more suitable for structural studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ondřej Kaplan
- Institute of Microbiology, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
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Velankar H, Clarke KG, Preez RD, Cowan DA, Burton SG. Developments in nitrile and amide biotransformation processes. Trends Biotechnol 2010; 28:561-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2010.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2010] [Revised: 07/29/2010] [Accepted: 08/13/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Zhang ZJ, Xu JH, He YC, Ouyang LM, Liu YY. Cloning and biochemical properties of a highly thermostable and enantioselective nitrilase from Alcaligenes sp. ECU0401 and its potential for (R)-(-)-mandelic acid production. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2010; 34:315-22. [PMID: 20960011 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-010-0473-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2010] [Accepted: 10/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A nitrilase gene from Alcaligenes sp. ECU0401 was cloned and overexpressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) in a soluble form. The encoded protein with a His₆-tag was purified to nearly homogeneity as revealed by SDS-PAGE with a molecular weight of approximately 38.5 kDa, and the holoenzyme was estimated to be composed of 10 subunits of identical size by size exclusion chromatography. The V(max) and K(m) parameters were determined to be 27.9 μmol min⁻¹ mg⁻¹ protein and 21.8 mM, respectively, with mandelonitrile as the substrate. The purified enzyme was highly thermostable with a half life of 155 h at 30 °C and 94 h at 40 °C. Racemic mandelonitrile (50 mM) could be enantioselectively hydrolyzed to (R)-(-)-mandelic acid by the purified nitrilase with an enantiomeric excess of 97%. The extreme stability, high activity and enantioselectivity of this nitrilase provide a solid base for its practical application in the production of (R)-(-)-mandelic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Jun Zhang
- Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing, State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
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Kumar S, Mohan U, Kamble AL, Pawar S, Banerjee UC. Cross-linked enzyme aggregates of recombinant Pseudomonas putida nitrilase for enantioselective nitrile hydrolysis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2010; 101:6856-6858. [PMID: 20385491 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.03.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2009] [Revised: 03/21/2010] [Accepted: 03/23/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The cross-linked enzyme aggregate (CLEA) method is used for the dual purpose of combining both the purification and immobilization of enzyme in one step. The present work involved the preparation of a carrier-free, highly active reusable biocatalyst (nitrilase) which encounters least mass-transfer limitations with higher thermal and storage stability. The effect of type of aggregating agent, its concentration as well as that of cross-linking agent was studied. Nitrilase aggregates were prepared using ammonium sulphate (35%) precipitation followed by cross-linking with glutaraldehyde (125 mM) which rendered 70% activity retention. The various cross-linking parameters were optimized in order to increase the activity retention. Stability in terms of temperature, reusability and leaching were also examined. The CLEA preparation showed residual nitrilase activity on repeated use. A highly stable CLEA of nitrilase was finally prepared with maximum activity recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Biotechnology), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Sector-67, SAS Nagar, 160 062 Punjab, India
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Martínková L, Křen V. Biotransformations with nitrilases. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2010; 14:130-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2009.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2009] [Accepted: 11/17/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Howden AJM, Rico A, Mentlak T, Miguet L, Preston GM. Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae B728a hydrolyses indole-3-acetonitrile to the plant hormone indole-3-acetic acid. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2009; 10:857-65. [PMID: 19849791 PMCID: PMC6640395 DOI: 10.1111/j.1364-3703.2009.00595.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Nitrilase enzymes catalyse the hydrolysis of nitrile compounds to the corresponding carboxylic acid and ammonia, and have been identified in plants, bacteria and fungi. There is mounting evidence to support a role for nitrilases in plant-microbe interactions, but the activity of these enzymes in plant pathogenic bacteria remains unexplored. The genomes of the plant pathogenic bacteria Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae B728a and Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 contain nitrilase genes with high similarity to characterized bacterial arylacetonitrilases. In this study, we show that the nitrilase of P. syringae pv. syringae B728a is an arylacetonitrilase, which is capable of hydrolysing indole-3-acetonitrile to the plant hormone indole-3-acetic acid, and allows P. syringae pv. syringae B728a to use indole-3-acetonitrile as a nitrogen source. This enzyme may represent an additional mechanism for indole-3-acetic acid biosynthesis by P. syringae pv. syringae B728a, or may be used to degrade and assimilate aldoximes and nitriles produced during plant secondary metabolism. Nitrilase activity was not detected in P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000, despite the presence of a homologous nitrilase gene. This raises the interesting question of why nitrilase activity has been retained in P. syringae pv. syringae B728a and not in P. syringae pv. tomato DC3000.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J M Howden
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK
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Janowitz T, Trompetter I, Piotrowski M. Evolution of nitrilases in glucosinolate-containing plants. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2009; 70:1680-6. [PMID: 19698961 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2009.07.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2009] [Revised: 07/21/2009] [Accepted: 07/22/2009] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Nitrilases, enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of organic cyanides, are ubiquitous in the plant kingdom. The typical plant nitrilase is a nitrilase 4 homolog which is involved in the cyanide detoxification pathway. In this pathway, nitrilase 4 converts beta-cyanoalanine, the intermediate product of cyanide detoxification, into asparagine, aspartic acid and ammonia. In the Brassicaceae, a new family of nitrilases has evolved, the nitrilase 1 homologs. These enzymes are not able to use beta-cyanoalanine as a substrate. Instead, they display rather broad substrate specificities and are able to hydrolyze nitriles that result from the decomposition of glucosinolates, the typical secondary metabolites of the Brassicaceae. Here we summarize and discuss data indicating that nitrilase 1 homologs have evolved to function in glucosinolate catabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Janowitz
- Department of Plant Physiology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
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