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Jeon BJ, Kang JE, Park MY, Kim BS. Antifungal activity of streptavidin C1 and C2 against pathogens causing Fusarium wilt. Lett Appl Microbiol 2021; 73:453-459. [PMID: 34214198 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Fusarium wilt is caused by the soil-inhabiting fungus Fusarium oxysporum ff. spp. and is one of the most devastating plant diseases, resulting in losses and decreasing the quality and safety of agricultural crops. We recently reported the structures and biochemical properties of two biotin-binding proteins, streptavidin C1 and C2 (isolated from Streptomyces cinnamonensis strain KPP02129). In the present study, the potential of the biotin-binding proteins as antifungal agent for Fusarium wilt pathogens was investigated using recombinant streptavidin C1 and C2. The minimum inhibitory concentration of streptavidin C2 was found to be 16 µg ml-1 for inhibiting the mycelial growth of F. oxysporum f.sp. cucumerinum and F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici, while that of streptavidin C1 was found to be 64 µg ml-1 . Compared with the nontreated control soil, the population density of F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici in the soil was reduced to 49·5% and 39·6% on treatment with streptavidin C1 (500 µg ml-1 ) and C2 (500 µg ml-1 ), respectively. A greenhouse experiment revealed that Fusarium wilt of tomato plants was completely inhibited on soil drenching using a 50-ml culture filtrate of the streptavidin-producing strain KPP02129.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J Jeon
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Korea University Graduate School, Seoul, South Korea
| | - J E Kang
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Korea University Graduate School, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Plant Biotechnology, Institute of Life Science and Natural Resources, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - M Y Park
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Korea University Graduate School, Seoul, South Korea.,Materials Research Team, Central Research Institute of Kyung Nong Corporation, Gyungju, Gyungbuk, South Korea
| | - B S Kim
- Department of Plant Biotechnology, Korea University Graduate School, Seoul, South Korea.,Division of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
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Sabotič J, Brzin J, Erjavec J, Dreo T, Tušek Žnidarič M, Ravnikar M, Kos J. L-Amino Acid Oxidases From Mushrooms Show Antibacterial Activity Against the Phytopathogen Ralstonia solanacearum. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:977. [PMID: 32508788 PMCID: PMC7248570 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ralstonia solanaceraum is the quarantine plant pathogenic bacterium that causes bacterial wilt in over 200 host plants, which include economically important crops such as potato, tomato, tobacco, banana, and ginger. Alternative biological methods of disease control that can be used in integrated pest management are extensively studied. In search of new proteins with antibacterial activity against R. solanacearum, we identified L-amino acid oxidases (LAOs) from fruiting bodies of Amanita phalloides (ApLAO) and Infundibulicybe geotropa (CgLAO). We describe an optimized isolation procedure for their biochemical characterization, and show that they are dimeric proteins with estimated monomer molecular masses of 72 and 66 kDa, respectively, with isoelectric point of pH 6.5. They have broad substrate specificities for hydrophobic and charged amino acids, with highest Km for L-Leu, and broad pH optima at pH 5 and pH 6, respectively. An enzyme with similar properties is also characterized from the mycelia of I. geotropa (CgmycLAO). Fractionated aqueous extracts of 15 species of mushrooms show that LAO activity against L-Leu correlates with antibacterial activity. We confirm that the LAO activities mediate the antibacterial actions of ApLAO, CgLAO, and CgmycLAO. Their antibacterial activities are greater against Gram-negative versus Gram-positive bacteria, with inhibition of growth rate, prolongation of lag-phase, and decreased endpoint biomass. In Gram-positive bacteria, they mainly prolong the lag phase. These in vitro antibacterial activities of CgLAO and CgmycLAO are confirmed in vivo in tomato plants, while ApLAO has no effect on disease progression in planta. Transmission electron microscopy shows morphological changes of R. solanacearum upon LAO treatments. Finally, broad specificity of the antibacterial activities of these purified LAOs were seen for in vitro screening against 14 phytopathogenic bacteria. Therefore, these fungal LAOs show great potential as new biological phytoprotective agents and show the fruiting bodies of higher fungi to be a valuable source of antimicrobials with unique features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerica Sabotič
- Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jože Brzin
- Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jana Erjavec
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tanja Dreo
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Magda Tušek Žnidarič
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maja Ravnikar
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Janko Kos
- Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Dutta S, Woo EE, Yu SM, Nagendran R, Yun BS, Lee YH. Control of Anthracnose and Gray Mold in Pepper Plants Using Culture Extract of White-Rot Fungus and Active Compound Schizostatin. MYCOBIOLOGY 2019; 47:87-96. [PMID: 30988992 PMCID: PMC6450573 DOI: 10.1080/12298093.2018.1551833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Fungi produce various secondary metabolites that have beneficial and harmful effects on other organisms. Those bioactive metabolites have been explored as potential medicinal and antimicrobial resources. However, the activities of the culture filtrate (CF) and metabolites of white-rot fungus (Schizophyllum commune) have been underexplored. In this study, we assayed the antimicrobial activities of CF obtained from white-rot fungus against various plant pathogens and evaluated its efficacy for controlling anthracnose and gray mold in pepper plants. The CF inhibited the mycelial growth of various fungal plant pathogens, but not of bacterial pathogens. Diluted concentrations of CF significantly suppressed the severity of anthracnose and gray mold in pepper fruits. Furthermore, the incidence of anthracnose in field conditions was reduced by treatment with a 12.5% dilution of CF. The active compound responsible for the antifungal and disease control activity was identified and verified as schizostatin. Our results indicate that the CF of white-rot fungus can be used as an eco-friendly natural product against fungal plant pathogens. Moreover, the compound, schizostatin could be used as a biochemical resource or precursor for development as a pesticide. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the control of plant diseases using CF and active compound from white-rot fungus. We discussed the controversial antagonistic activity of schizostatin and believe that the CF of white-rot fungus or its active compound, schizostatin, could be used as a biochemical pesticide against fungal diseases such as anthracnose and gray mold in many vegetables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swarnalee Dutta
- Division of Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, Iksan-si, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - E-Eum Woo
- Division of Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, Iksan-si, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Mi Yu
- Freshwater Bioresources Utilization Division, Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources, Sangju-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Rajalingam Nagendran
- Division of Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, Iksan-si, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong-Sik Yun
- Division of Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, Iksan-si, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Hoon Lee
- Division of Biotechnology, Chonbuk National University, Iksan-si, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
- Advanced Institute of Environment and Bioscience, Plant Medical Research Center, and Institute of Bio-industry, Chonbuk National University, Iksan-si, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
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Erjavec J, Ravnikar M, Brzin J, Grebenc T, Blejec A, Gosak MŽ, Sabotič J, Kos J, Dreo T. Antibacterial Activity of Wild Mushroom Extracts on Bacterial Wilt Pathogen Ralstonia solanacearum. PLANT DISEASE 2016; 100:453-464. [PMID: 30694152 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-08-14-0812-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In total, 150 protein extracts from 94 different basidiomycete and ascomycete wild mushroom species were tested for antibacterial activity against the quarantine plant-pathogen bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum. In in vitro microtiter plate assays, 15 extracts with moderate to high antibacterial activities were identified: 11 completely inhibited bacterial growth and 4 showed partial inhibition. Of these 15 extracts, 5 were further tested and 3 extracts slowed disease progression and reduced disease severity in artificially inoculated tomato and potato plants. However, the in vitro activities of the extracts did not always correlate with their in vivo activities, which emphasizes the importance of performing early screening tests also in vivo. Testing of selected extracts against 12 R. solanacearum strains identified 6 with potential for broader applicability. Further analysis of extracts from Amanita phalloides and Clitocybe geotropa showed that the active substances are proteins with an approximate size of 180 kDa. To our knowledge, this is the first in vitro and in vivo study that demonstrates that mushroom protein extracts can be promising for treatment of bacterial wilt caused by R. solanacearum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Erjavec
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, Večna pot 111, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maja Ravnikar
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, Večna pot 111, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jože Brzin
- Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tine Grebenc
- Department of Forest Physiology and Genetics, Slovenian Forestry Institute, Večna pot 2, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Andrej Blejec
- Department of Entomology, National Institute of Biology
| | - Mateja Želko Gosak
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology
| | | | - Janko Kos
- Department of Biotechnology, Jožef Stefan Institute, and Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tanja Dreo
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology
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Lentiavidins: Novel avidin-like proteins with low isoelectric points from shiitake mushroom (Lentinula edodes). J Biosci Bioeng 2015; 121:420-3. [PMID: 26467695 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2015.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A biotin-binding protein with a low isoelectric point (pI), which minimizes electrostatic non-specific binding to substances other than biotin, is potentially valuable. To obtain such a protein, we screened hundreds of mushrooms, and detected strong biotin-binding activity in the fruit bodies of Lentinula edodes, shiitake mushroom. Two cDNAs, each encoding a protein of 152 amino acids, termed lentiavidin 1 and lentiavidin 2 were cloned from L. edodes. The proteins shared sequence identities of 27%-49% with other biotin-binding proteins, and many residues that directly associate with biotin in streptavidin were conserved in lentiavidins. The pI values of lentiavidin 1 and lentiavidin 2 were 3.9 and 4.4, respectively; the former is the lowest pI of the known biotin-binding proteins. Lentiavidin 1 was expressed as a tetrameric protein with a molecular mass of 60 kDa in an insect cell-free expression system and showed biotin-binding activity. Lentiavidin 1, with its pI of 3.9, has a potential for broad applications as a novel biotin-binding protein.
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Yan J, Yuan SS, Jiang LL, Ye XJ, Ng TB, Wu ZJ. Plant antifungal proteins and their applications in agriculture. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 99:4961-81. [PMID: 25971197 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-015-6654-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Revised: 04/26/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Fungi are far more complex organisms than viruses or bacteria and can develop numerous diseases in plants that cause loss of a substantial portion of the crop every year. Plants have developed various mechanisms to defend themselves against these fungi which include the production of low-molecular-weight secondary metabolites and proteins and peptides with antifungal activity. In this review, families of plant antifungal proteins (AFPs) including defensins, lectins, and several others will be summarized. Moreover, the application of AFPs in agriculture will also be analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Yan
- Key Laboratory of Plant Virology of Fujian Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350002, China,
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Biotin-binding proteins in the defense of mushrooms against predators and parasites. Appl Environ Microbiol 2012; 78:8485-7. [PMID: 23001676 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02286-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tamavidins are fungal biotin-binding proteins (BBPs) displaying antifungal activity against phytopathogens. Here we show high toxicity of tamavidins toward nematodes, insects, and amoebae. As these organisms represent important phyla of fungal predators and parasites, we propose that BBPs are part of the chemical defense system of fungi.
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Erjavec J, Kos J, Ravnikar M, Dreo T, Sabotič J. Proteins of higher fungi – from forest to application. Trends Biotechnol 2012; 30:259-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2012.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2011] [Revised: 01/17/2012] [Accepted: 01/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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