Lysosomes Alteration in HeLa Cell Exposed with 1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylic Acid, the Ethylene Precursor of Plant Hormones

Tracing skin aging process: a mini- review of in vitro approaches

Skin is a rather complex, yet useful organ of our body. Besides, skin aging is a complicated process that gains a growing interest as mediates many molecular processes in our body. Thus, an efficient skin model is important to understand skin aging function as well as to develop an effective innovative product for skin aging treatment. In this mini review, we present in vitro methods for assessments of skin aging in an attempt to pinpoint basic molecular mechanisms behind this process achieving both a better understanding of aging function and an effective  evaluation of potential products or ingredients that counteract aging. Specifically, this study presents in vitro assays such as 2D or 3D skin models, to evaluate skin aging-related processes such as skin moisturization, photoaging, wound healing, menopause, and skin microbiome as novel efforts in the designing of efficacy assessments in the development of skincare products.

YPT7's deletion regulates yeast vacuoles' activity

The yeast vacuole is functionally corresponding to vacuoles in eukaryote cells, it consists of a fusion protein that assists in the fusion of vacuoles and plays an important role in many processes. In addition, chemicals such as NH₄Cl can reduce the size of vacuoles but as a side effect that also inhibits vacuoles making them inactive. In this study, to develop pre-treatments for extending the life of cut flowers, we constructed recombinant yeast using the fusion protein YPT7 and confirmed the activity of down-sized vacuoles. All the vacuoles of the recombinant yeast except vacuoles from recombinant yeast (MBTL-MYH-3) were found to be small vacuoles than mock (MBTL-MYH-0) and YPT7 overexpression model (MBTL-MYH-1). To confirm their activity, we conducted a test for antimicrobial activity. The results showed the other vacuoles of recombinant yeast had lower antimicrobial activity than the mock control, most of them showed about 60 % to 80 % of the antimicrobial activity. However, MBTL-MYH-3, whose vacuole did not change its size, showed antimicrobial activity lower than 40 %. Therefore, the cut flowers are better able to absorb smaller vacuoles after using the fusion protein YPT7. We expect that absorbing vacuoles more effective to senescence of cut flower than vacuolar enzymes.