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Chen B, Stein A, Olesch FT, Hummel T. Odor deprivation influences human olfactory function. Physiol Behav 2023; 262:114090. [PMID: 36681230 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2023.114090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Odor deprivation leads to anatomical and neurochemical changes in the olfactory system, but its effect on human olfaction has not been systematically explored. The present randomized, controlled study aimed to investigate whether odor deprivation by different methods can affect olfactory function in humans. In the present study, sixty-one healthy participants were randomly assigned into three groups: a nasal device group (wearing an intranasal silicone air diversion system for 6-8 h daily), a mask group (wearing a filtering face piece for 6-8 h daily) and a control group (no special instructions in terms of wearing masks). Before and immediately after a 14-day study phase, all participants underwent assessments of olfactory function, nasal patency and well-being. Following the 2-week observation period, the nasal device group exhibited significantly reduced TDI scores (with especially pronounced reductions for odor threshold scores), and the mask group exhibited a minor increase in odor identification scores compared with the control group. The change in well-being scores was positively associated with changes in odor identification and TDI scores. Olfactory deprivation using an intranasal silicone air diversion device is associated with olfactory impairment (especially for odor thresholds). Highlighting the exposure-driven plasticity of the olfactory system, it may serve as a possible model of hyposmia in future studies. In addition, it may also prove useful in patients with parosmia, possibly reducing the burden of unpleasant odorous sensations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Chen
- Smell & Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Dresden, TU Germany; Center for Geriatric Neuroscience, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Anabel Stein
- Smell & Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Dresden, TU Germany
| | - Falk-Tony Olesch
- Smell & Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Dresden, TU Germany
| | - Thomas Hummel
- Smell & Taste Clinic, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Dresden, TU Germany
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2
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Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase in Nucleus Accumbens Specifically Mediates Susceptibility to Social Defeat Stress through Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 5. J Neurosci 2021; 41:2523-2539. [PMID: 33500273 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0422-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress-induced depression is common worldwide. NAc, a "reward" center, is recently reported to be critical to confer the susceptibility to chronic social defeat stress (CSDS) and the depression-related outcome. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms have not been well characterized. In this study, we induced depression-like behaviors with CSDS and chronic mild stress in male mice to mimic social and environmental factors, respectively, and observed animal behaviors with social interaction test, tail suspension test, and sucrose preference test. To determine the role of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) and its product nitric oxide (NO), we used brain region-specifically nNOS overexpression and stereotaxic injection of NO inhibitor or donor. Moreover, the downstream molecular cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5) was explored by conditional KO and gene mutation. We demonstrate that nNOS-implicated mechanisms in NAc shell (NAcSh), including increased cell number, increased protein expression levels, and increased specific enzyme activity, contribute the susceptibility to social defeat and the following depression-like behaviors. NAcSh nNOS does not directly respond to chronic mild stress but facilitates the depression-like behaviors. The increased NAcSh nNOS expression after CSDS leads to the social avoidance and depression-like behaviors in defeated mice, which is dependent on the nNOS enzyme activity and NO production. Moreover, we identify the downstream signal in NAcSh. S-nitrosylation of CDK5 by NO contributes to enhanced CDK5 activity, leading to depression-related behaviors in susceptible mice. Therefore, NAcSh nNOS mediates susceptibility to social defeat stress and the depression-like behaviors through CDK5.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Stress-induced depression is common worldwide, and chronic exposure to social and psychological stressors is important cause of human depression. Our study conducted with chronic social defeat stress mice models demonstrates that nNOS in NAcSh is crucial to regulate the susceptibility to social defeat stress and the following depression-like behaviors, indicating NAcSh nNOS as the responding molecule to social factors of depression. Moreover, we discover the downstream mechanism of NAcSh nNOS in mediating the susceptibility is NO and S-nitrosylation of CDK5. Thus, NAcSh nNOS mediates susceptibility to social defeat stress through CDK5 is a potential mechanism for depression, which may interpret how the brain transduces social stress exposure into depression.
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3
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Hou TY, Zhou Y, Zhu LS, Wang X, Pang P, Wang DQ, Liuyang ZY, Man H, Lu Y, Zhu LQ, Liu D. Correcting abnormalities in miR-124/PTPN1 signaling rescues tau pathology in Alzheimer's disease. J Neurochem 2020; 154:441-457. [PMID: 31951013 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.14961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs have been implicated in diverse physiological and pathological processes. We previously reported that aberrant microRNA-124 (miR-124)/non-receptor-type protein phosphatase 1 (PTPN1) signaling plays an important role in the synaptic disorders associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). In this study, we further investigated the potential role of miR-124/PTPN1 in the tau pathology of AD. We first treated the mice with intra-hippocampal stereotactic injections. Then, we used quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR) to detect the expression of microRNAs. Western blotting was used to measure the level of PTPN1, the level of tau protein, the phosphorylation of tau at AD-related sites, and alterations in the activity of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) and protein phosphatase 2 (PP2A). Immunohistochemistry was also used to detect changes in tau phosphorylation levels at AD-related sites and somadendritic aggregation. Soluble and insoluble tau protein was separated by 70% formic acid (FA) extraction to examine tau solubility. Finally, behavioral experiments (including the Morris water maze, fear conditioning, and elevated plus maze) were performed to examine learning and memory ability and emotion-related behavior. We found that artificially replicating the abnormalities in miR-124/PTPN1 signaling induced AD-like tau pathology in the hippocampus of wild-type mice, including hyperphosphorylation at multiple sites, insolubility and somadendritic aggregation, as well as learning/memory deficits. We also found that disruption of miR-124/PTPN1 signaling was caused by the loss of RE1-silencing transcription factor protein, which can be initiated by Aβ insults or oxidative stress, as observed in the brains of P301S mice. Correcting the deregulation of miR-124/PTPN1 signaling rescued the tau pathology and learning/memory impairments in the P301S mice. We also found that miR-124/PTPN1 abnormalities induced activation of glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) and inactivation of protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) by promoting tyrosine phosphorylation, implicating an imbalance in tau kinase/phosphatase. Thus, targeting the miR-124/PTPN1 signaling pathway is a promising therapeutic strategy for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong-Yao Hou
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Neurological Disorders of the Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China.,The Institute of Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Neurological Disorders of the Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China.,The Institute of Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Ling-Shuang Zhu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Neurological Disorders of the Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China.,The Institute of Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Xiong Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Neurological Disorders of the Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Pei Pang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Neurological Disorders of the Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China.,The Institute of Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Ding-Qi Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Neurological Disorders of the Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China.,The Institute of Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Zhen-Yu Liuyang
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Neurological Disorders of the Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Hengye Man
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Youming Lu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Neurological Disorders of the Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China.,The Institute of Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Ling-Qiang Zhu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Neurological Disorders of the Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China.,The Institute of Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Neurological Disorders of the Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China.,The Institute of Brain Research, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China.,Department of Genetics, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, P.R. China
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Ye J, Yin Y, Liu H, Fang L, Tao X, Wei L, Zuo Y, Yin Y, Ke D, Wang J. Tau inhibits PKA by nuclear proteasome-dependent PKAR2α elevation with suppressed CREB/GluA1 phosphorylation. Aging Cell 2020; 19:e13055. [PMID: 31668016 PMCID: PMC6974714 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Intraneuronal accumulation of wild-type tau plays a key role in Alzheimer's disease, while the mechanisms underlying tauopathy and memory impairment remain unclear. Here, we report that overexpressing full-length wild-type human tau (hTau) in mouse hippocampus induces learning and memory deficits with remarkably reduced levels of multiple synapse- and memory-associated proteins. Overexpressing hTau inhibits the activity of protein kinase A (PKA) and decreases the phosphorylation level of cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB), GluA1, and TrkB with reduced BDNF mRNA and protein levels both in vitro and in vivo. Simultaneously, overexpressing hTau increased PKAR2α (an inhibitory subunit of PKA) in nuclear fraction and inactivated proteasome activity. With an increased association of PKAR2α with PA28γ (a nuclear proteasome activator), the formation of PA28γ-20S proteasome complex remarkably decreased in the nuclear fraction, followed by a reduced interaction of PKAR2α with 20S proteasome. Both downregulating PKAR2α by shRNA and upregulating proteasome by expressing PA28γ rescued hTau-induced PKA inhibition and CREB dephosphorylation, and upregulating PKA improved hTau-induced cognitive deficits in mice. Together, these data reveal that intracellular tau accumulation induces synapse and memory impairments by inhibiting PKA/CREB/BDNF/TrkB and PKA/GluA1 signaling, and deficit of PA28γ-20S proteasome complex formation contributes to PKAR2α elevation and PKA inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwang Ye
- Department of Pathophysiology School of Basic Medicine Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China for Neurological Disorders Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Yaling Yin
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology School of Basic Medical Sciences Xinxiang Medical University Xinxiang China
| | - Huanhuan Liu
- School of Pharmacy Xinxiang Medical University Xinxiang China
| | - Lin Fang
- Department of Pathophysiology School of Basic Medicine Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China for Neurological Disorders Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Xiaoqing Tao
- Department of Physiology School of Basic Medicine Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Linyu Wei
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology School of Basic Medical Sciences Xinxiang Medical University Xinxiang China
| | - Yue Zuo
- School of Pharmacy Xinxiang Medical University Xinxiang China
| | - Ying Yin
- Department of Pathophysiology School of Basic Medicine Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China for Neurological Disorders Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Dan Ke
- Department of Pathophysiology School of Basic Medicine Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China for Neurological Disorders Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Jian‐Zhi Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology School of Basic Medicine Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education of China for Neurological Disorders Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology School of Basic Medical Sciences Xinxiang Medical University Xinxiang China
- Co‐innovation Center of Neurodegeneration Nantong University Nantong China
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5
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Li K, Wei Q, Liu FF, Hu F, Xie AJ, Zhu LQ, Liu D. Synaptic Dysfunction in Alzheimer's Disease: Aβ, Tau, and Epigenetic Alterations. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:3021-3032. [PMID: 28456942 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0533-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder characterized in the early stages by loss of learning and memory. However, the mechanism underlying these symptoms remains unclear. The best correlation between cognitive decline and pathological changes is in synaptic dysfunction. Histopathological hallmarks of AD are the abnormal aggregation of Aβ and Tau. Evidence suggests that Aβ and Tau oligomers contribute to synaptic loss in AD. Recently, direct links between epigenetic alterations, such as dysfunction in non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), and synaptic pathologies have emerged, raising interest in exploring the potential roles of ncRNAs in the synaptic deficits in AD. In this paper, we summarize the potential roles of Aβ, Tau, and epigenetic alterations (especially by ncRNAs) in the synaptic dysfunction of AD and discuss the novel findings in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Li
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Wei
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Fang-Fang Liu
- Department of Pathology, Central Hospital of Wuhan, Wuhan, 430014, People's Republic of China
| | - Fan Hu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Lab of Neurological Disorder of Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Ao-Ji Xie
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Lab of Neurological Disorder of Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling-Qiang Zhu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Lab of Neurological Disorder of Education Ministry, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.
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6
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Franks KH, Chuah MI, King AE, Vickers JC. Connectivity of Pathology: The Olfactory System as a Model for Network-Driven Mechanisms of Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis. Front Aging Neurosci 2015; 7:234. [PMID: 26696886 PMCID: PMC4678206 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2015.00234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has been postulated to preferentially impact specific neural networks in the brain. The olfactory system is a well-defined network that has been implicated in early stages of the disease, marked by impairment in olfaction and the presence of pathological hallmarks of the disease, even before clinical presentation. Discovering the cellular mechanisms involved in the connectivity of pathology will provide insight into potential targets for treatment. We review evidence from animal studies on sensory alteration through denervation or enrichment, which supports the notion of using the olfactory system to investigate the implications of connectivity and activity in the spread of pathology in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine H Franks
- Faculty of Health, Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre, University of Tasmania , Hobart, TAS , Australia
| | - Meng Inn Chuah
- Faculty of Health, Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre, University of Tasmania , Hobart, TAS , Australia
| | - Anna E King
- Faculty of Health, Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre, University of Tasmania , Hobart, TAS , Australia
| | - James C Vickers
- Faculty of Health, Wicking Dementia Research and Education Centre, University of Tasmania , Hobart, TAS , Australia
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7
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Xiong Y, Liu F, Liu D, Huang H, Wei N, Tan L, Chen J, Man H, Gong C, Lu Y, Wang J, Zhu L. Opposite effects of two estrogen receptors on tau phosphorylation through disparate effects on the miR-218/PTPA pathway. Aging Cell 2015; 14:867-77. [PMID: 26111662 PMCID: PMC4568974 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The two estrogen receptors (ERs), ERα and ERβ, mediate the diverse biological functions of estradiol. Opposite effects of ERα and ERβ have been found in estrogen-induced cancer cell proliferation and differentiation as well as in memory-related tasks. However, whether these opposite effects are implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) remains unclear. Here, we find that ERα and ERβ play contrasting roles in regulating tau phosphorylation, which is a pathological hallmark of AD. ERα increases the expression of miR-218 to suppress the protein levels of its specific target, protein tyrosine phosphatase α (PTPα). The downregulation of PTPα results in the abnormal tyrosine hyperphosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase-3β (resulting in activation) and protein phosphatase 2A (resulting in inactivation), the major tau kinase and phosphatase. Suppressing the increased expression of miR-218 inhibits the ERα-induced tau hyperphosphorylation as well as the PTPα decline. In contrast, ERβ inhibits tau phosphorylation by limiting miR-218 levels and restoring the miR-218 levels antagonized the attenuation of tau phosphorylation by ERβ. These data reveal for the first time opposing roles for ERα and ERβ in AD pathogenesis and suggest potential therapeutic targets for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan‐Si Xiong
- Department of Pathophysiology School of Basic Medicine Key Laboratory of Neurological Disorder of Education Ministry Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430030China
- The Institute for Brain Research Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430030 China
| | - Fang‐Fang Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology School of Basic Medicine Key Laboratory of Neurological Disorder of Education Ministry Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430030China
- The Institute for Brain Research Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430030 China
| | - Dan Liu
- The Institute for Brain Research Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430030 China
- Department of Genetics School of Basic Medicine Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430030China
- Sino‐Canada Collaborative Platform on Molecular Biology of Neurological Disease Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430030China
| | - He‐Zhou Huang
- Department of Pathophysiology School of Basic Medicine Key Laboratory of Neurological Disorder of Education Ministry Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430030China
- The Institute for Brain Research Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430030 China
| | - Na Wei
- Department of Pathophysiology School of Basic Medicine Key Laboratory of Neurological Disorder of Education Ministry Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430030China
- The Institute for Brain Research Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430030 China
| | - Lu Tan
- Department of Pathophysiology School of Basic Medicine Key Laboratory of Neurological Disorder of Education Ministry Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430030China
- The Institute for Brain Research Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430030 China
| | - Jian‐Guo Chen
- The Institute for Brain Research Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430030 China
- Department of Pharmacology School of Basic Medicine Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430030 China
| | - Heng‐Ye Man
- Department of Biology Boston University Boston MA 02215USA
| | - Cheng‐Xin Gong
- Department of Neurochemistry Inge Grundke‐Iqbal Research Floor New York State Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities Staten Island NY 10314USA
| | - Youming Lu
- The Institute for Brain Research Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430030 China
| | - Jian‐Zhi Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology School of Basic Medicine Key Laboratory of Neurological Disorder of Education Ministry Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430030China
- The Institute for Brain Research Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430030 China
| | - Ling‐Qiang Zhu
- Department of Pathophysiology School of Basic Medicine Key Laboratory of Neurological Disorder of Education Ministry Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430030China
- The Institute for Brain Research Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430030 China
- Sino‐Canada Collaborative Platform on Molecular Biology of Neurological Disease Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430030China
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Xie AJ, Liu EJ, Huang HZ, Hu Y, Li K, Lu Y, Wang JZ, Zhu LQ. Cnga2 Knockout Mice Display Alzheimer’s-Like Behavior Abnormities and Pathological Changes. Mol Neurobiol 2015; 53:4992-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-015-9421-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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