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Tashima T. Mesenchymal Stem Cell (MSC)-Based Drug Delivery into the Brain across the Blood-Brain Barrier. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:289. [PMID: 38399342 PMCID: PMC10891589 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16020289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
At present, stem cell-based therapies using induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) or mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are being used to explore the potential for regenerative medicine in the treatment of various diseases, owing to their ability for multilineage differentiation. Interestingly, MSCs are employed not only in regenerative medicine, but also as carriers for drug delivery, homing to target sites in injured or damaged tissues including the brain by crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB). In drug research and development, membrane impermeability is a serious problem. The development of central nervous system drugs for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, remains difficult due to impermeability in capillary endothelial cells at the BBB, in addition to their complicated pathogenesis and pathology. Thus, intravenously or intraarterially administered MSC-mediated drug delivery in a non-invasive way is a solution to this transendothelial problem at the BBB. Substances delivered by MSCs are divided into artificially included materials in advance, such as low molecular weight compounds including doxorubicin, and expected protein expression products of genetic modification, such as interleukins. After internalizing into the brain through the fenestration between the capillary endothelial cells, MSCs release their cargos to the injured brain cells. In this review, I introduce the potential and advantages of drug delivery into the brain across the BBB using MSCs as a carrier that moves into the brain as if they acted of their own will.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiko Tashima
- Tashima Laboratories of Arts and Sciences, 1239-5 Toriyama-cho, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 222-0035, Japan
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Lin YK, Hsiao LC, Wu MY, Chen YF, Lin YN, Chang CM, Chung WH, Chen KW, Lu CR, Chen WY, Chang SS, Shyu WC, Lee AS, Chen CH, Jeng LB, Chang KC. PD-L1 and AKT Overexpressing Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Enhance Myocardial Protection by Upregulating CD25 + T Cells in Acute Myocardial Infarction Rat Model. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:134. [PMID: 38203304 PMCID: PMC10779305 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This study explores the synergistic impact of Programmed Death Ligand 1 (PD-L1) and Protein Kinase B (Akt) overexpression in adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (AdMSCs) for ameliorating cardiac dysfunction after myocardial infarction (MI). Post-MI adult Wistar rats were allocated into four groups: sham, MI, ADMSC treatment, and ADMSCs overexpressed with PD-L1 and Akt (AdMSC-PDL1-Akt) treatment. MI was induced via left anterior descending coronary artery ligation, followed by intramyocardial AdMSC injections. Over four weeks, cardiac functionality and structural integrity were assessed using pressure-volume analysis, infarct size measurement, and immunohistochemistry. AdMSC-PDL1-Akt exhibited enhanced resistance to reactive oxygen species (ROS) in vitro and ameliorated MI-induced contractile dysfunction in vivo by improving the end-systolic pressure-volume relationship and preload-recruitable stroke work, together with attenuating infarct size. Molecular analyses revealed substantial mitigation in caspase3 and nuclear factor-κB upregulation in MI hearts within the AdMSC-PDL1-Akt group. Mechanistically, AdMSC-PDL1-Akt fostered the differentiation of normal T cells into CD25+ regulatory T cells in vitro, aligning with in vivo upregulation of CD25 in AdMSC-PDL1-Akt-treated rats. Collectively, PD-L1 and Akt overexpression in AdMSCs bolsters resistance to ROS-mediated apoptosis in vitro and enhances myocardial protective efficacy against MI-induced dysfunction, potentially via T-cell modulation, underscoring a promising therapeutic strategy for myocardial ischemic injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Kai Lin
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404327, Taiwan (Y.-N.L.); (W.-H.C.); (K.-W.C.)
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404327, Taiwan; (C.-M.C.); (A.-S.L.)
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404328, Taiwan
| | - Lien-Cheng Hsiao
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404327, Taiwan (Y.-N.L.); (W.-H.C.); (K.-W.C.)
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404327, Taiwan; (C.-M.C.); (A.-S.L.)
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404328, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Yao Wu
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404328, Taiwan;
- Department of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404327, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Fang Chen
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City 25245, Taiwan; (Y.-F.C.); (W.-Y.C.)
| | - Yen-Nien Lin
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404327, Taiwan (Y.-N.L.); (W.-H.C.); (K.-W.C.)
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404328, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ming Chang
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404327, Taiwan; (C.-M.C.); (A.-S.L.)
| | - Wei-Hsin Chung
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404327, Taiwan (Y.-N.L.); (W.-H.C.); (K.-W.C.)
| | - Ke-Wei Chen
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404327, Taiwan (Y.-N.L.); (W.-H.C.); (K.-W.C.)
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 404328, Taiwan;
| | - Chiung-Ray Lu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404327, Taiwan (Y.-N.L.); (W.-H.C.); (K.-W.C.)
| | - Wei-Yu Chen
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City 25245, Taiwan; (Y.-F.C.); (W.-Y.C.)
| | - Shih-Sheng Chang
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404327, Taiwan (Y.-N.L.); (W.-H.C.); (K.-W.C.)
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404328, Taiwan
| | - Woei-Cheang Shyu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 404328, Taiwan;
- Translational Medicine Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404327, Taiwan
- Neuroscience and Brain Disease Center, New Drug Development Center, China Medical University, Taichung 404328, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, China Medical University, Taichung 404328, Taiwan
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Asia University, Taichung 413305, Taiwan
| | - An-Sheng Lee
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404327, Taiwan; (C.-M.C.); (A.-S.L.)
- Department of Medicine, Mackay Medical College, New Taipei City 25245, Taiwan; (Y.-F.C.); (W.-Y.C.)
| | - Chu-Huang Chen
- Vascular and Medicinal Research, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- New York Heart Research Foundation, Mineola, NY 11514, USA
| | - Long-Bin Jeng
- Cell Therapy Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404327, Taiwan;
- Organ Transplantation Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404327, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Cheng Chang
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404327, Taiwan (Y.-N.L.); (W.-H.C.); (K.-W.C.)
- Cardiovascular Research Laboratory, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404327, Taiwan; (C.-M.C.); (A.-S.L.)
- School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404328, Taiwan
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