Modified minimal model for effect of physical exercise on insulin sensitivity and glucose effectiveness in type 2 diabetes and healthy human

Kinetics modeling studies of type 1 diabetes mellitus treatment with the function of exogenous glucose and insulin injection

Mathematical modeling on dynamics system of glucose-insulin in the human body was one of the interesting researches in the complex system of physics. This research could be used as a treatment simulation of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). In this study, the function of exogenous glucose and insulin would be studied because of these were important factors to describe the maintaining of metabolism in the T1DM subject, especially were the blood glucose concentration in the human body. The modified minimal model would be combined with the functions of exogenous glucose and insulin injection. To control the glucose concentration in the T1DM subject was very dependent depend on the administration time of exogenous glucose and an insulin injection since these could affect the kinematics of the glucose-insulin system in the blood. Based on these simulation results, the optimum treatment was obtained by the first injection of the exogenous insulin of 560 μU/(mL.min) from 0 to 16 min. The administration of exogenous glucose was given by the amount of 47 and 23 mg at time 7 min and 15 min. Later, an injection of the exogenous insulin was given by 38.1 μU/(mL.min) from 35 to 180 min. In this treatment scheme, the intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) curve during 200 min, the value of R 2 was 0.98. It indicates that the treatment simulation results are agreed. Setting the timing and amount of glucose intake and insulin injection affects the glucose concentration in the blood on T1DM subjects so no occur condition of hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia.

Associations between Psychosocial and Physiological Factors and Diabetes Health Indicators in Asian and Pacific Islander Adults with Type 2 Diabetes

The associations between psychosocial and physiological factors and diabetes' health indicators have not been widely investigated among Asians and Pacific Islanders. We hypothesize that health behaviour and depression are directly or indirectly associated with diabetes' health indicators such as BMI, glycemic control, general health, and diabetes quality of life. Our hypothesis was tested through a structural equation modelling (SEM) approach. Questionnaires that assessed health behaviour, depression, general health, diabetes quality of life, and haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), along with patients' demographic information, were obtained from 207 Asian and Pacific Islander adults with type 2 diabetes. IBM SPSS Amos 20 was used for the SEM analysis at 5% level of significance, and the goodness fit of the SEM model was also evaluated. The final SEM model showed that diet and exercise and foot care had positive associations, while depression had a negative association with diabetes' health indicators. The results highlighted the importance of exercise and depression in diabetes patients' BMI, glycemic control, general health, and quality of life, which provide evidence for the need to alleviate patients' depression besides education and training in diet and exercise in future intervention studies among Asians and Pacific Islanders with type 2 diabetes.