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Pelland-Marcotte MC, Xie L, Barber R, Elkhalifa S, Frechette M, Kaur J, Onysko J, Bouffet E, Fernandez CV, Mitchell D, Rayar M, Randall A, Stammers D, Larouche V, Airhart A, Fidler-Benaoudia M, Cohen-Gogo S, Sung L, Gibson P. Incidence of childhood cancer in Canada during the COVID-19 pandemic. CMAJ 2021; 193:E1798-E1806. [PMID: 34844937 PMCID: PMC8654886 DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.210659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has had a major impact on access to health care resources. Our objective was to estimate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the incidence of childhood cancer in Canada. We also aimed to compare the proportion of patients who enrolled in clinical trials at diagnosis, presented with metastatic disease or had an early death during the first 9 months of the COVID-19 pandemic compared with previous years. Methods: We conducted an observational study that included children younger than 15 years with a new diagnosis of cancer between March 2016 and November 2020 at 1 of 17 Canadian pediatric oncology centres. Our primary outcome was the monthly age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs) of cancers. We evaluated level and trend changes using interventional autoregressive integrated moving average models. Secondary outcomes were the proportion of patients who were enrolled in a clinical trial, who had metastatic or advanced disease and who died within 30 days. We compared the baseline and pandemic periods using rate ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: Age-standardized incidence rates during COVID-19 quarters were 157.7, 164.6, and 148.0 per million, respectively, whereas quarterly baseline ASIRs ranged between 150.3 and 175.1 per million (incidence RR 0.93 [95% CI 0.78 to 1.12] to incidence RR 1.04 [95% CI 0.87 to 1.24]). We found no statistically significant level or slope changes between the projected and observed ASIRs for all new cancers (parameter estimate [β], level 4.98, 95% CI −15.1 to 25.04, p = 0.25), or when stratified by cancer type or by geographic area. Clinical trial enrolment rate was stable or increased during the pandemic compared with baseline (RR 1.22 [95% CI 0.70 to 2.13] to RR 1.71 [95% CI 1.01 to 2.89]). There was no difference in the proportion of patients with metastatic disease (RR 0.84 [95% CI 0.55 to 1.29] to RR 1.22 [0.84 to 1.79]), or who died within 30 days (RR 0.16 [95% CI 0.01 to 3.04] to RR 1.73 [95% CI 0.38 to 15.2]). Interpretation: We did not observe a statistically significant change in the incidence of childhood cancer, or in the proportion of children enrolling in a clinical trial, presenting with metastatic disease or who died early during the first 9 months of the COVID-19 pandemic, which suggests that access to health care in pediatric oncology was not reduced substantially in Canada.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Claude Pelland-Marcotte
- Division of Hematology-Oncology (Pelland-Marcotte, Larouche), CHU de Québec - Centre Mère-Enfant Soleil, Québec, Que.; Public Health Agency of Canada (Xie, Elkhalifa, Frechette, Kaur, Onysko), Ottawa, Ont.; C17 Council (Barber), Edmonton, Alta.; Division of Hematology-Oncology (Bouffet, Cohen-Gogo, Sung) and Program in Child Health Evaluative Sciences (Sung), Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology (Fernandez, Randall), IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS; Division of Hematology/Oncology (Mitchell), Montreal Children's Hospital, Montréal, Que.; Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/BMT (Rayar), BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC; Jim Pattison Children's Hospital (Stammers), Saskatoon, Sask.; Pediatric Oncology Group of Ontario (Airhart), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research (Fidler-Benaoudia), Cancer Care Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alta.; Division of Hematology-Oncology (Gibson), McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton, Ont.
| | - Lin Xie
- Division of Hematology-Oncology (Pelland-Marcotte, Larouche), CHU de Québec - Centre Mère-Enfant Soleil, Québec, Que.; Public Health Agency of Canada (Xie, Elkhalifa, Frechette, Kaur, Onysko), Ottawa, Ont.; C17 Council (Barber), Edmonton, Alta.; Division of Hematology-Oncology (Bouffet, Cohen-Gogo, Sung) and Program in Child Health Evaluative Sciences (Sung), Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology (Fernandez, Randall), IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS; Division of Hematology/Oncology (Mitchell), Montreal Children's Hospital, Montréal, Que.; Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/BMT (Rayar), BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC; Jim Pattison Children's Hospital (Stammers), Saskatoon, Sask.; Pediatric Oncology Group of Ontario (Airhart), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research (Fidler-Benaoudia), Cancer Care Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alta.; Division of Hematology-Oncology (Gibson), McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton, Ont
| | - Randy Barber
- Division of Hematology-Oncology (Pelland-Marcotte, Larouche), CHU de Québec - Centre Mère-Enfant Soleil, Québec, Que.; Public Health Agency of Canada (Xie, Elkhalifa, Frechette, Kaur, Onysko), Ottawa, Ont.; C17 Council (Barber), Edmonton, Alta.; Division of Hematology-Oncology (Bouffet, Cohen-Gogo, Sung) and Program in Child Health Evaluative Sciences (Sung), Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology (Fernandez, Randall), IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS; Division of Hematology/Oncology (Mitchell), Montreal Children's Hospital, Montréal, Que.; Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/BMT (Rayar), BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC; Jim Pattison Children's Hospital (Stammers), Saskatoon, Sask.; Pediatric Oncology Group of Ontario (Airhart), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research (Fidler-Benaoudia), Cancer Care Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alta.; Division of Hematology-Oncology (Gibson), McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton, Ont
| | - Sulaf Elkhalifa
- Division of Hematology-Oncology (Pelland-Marcotte, Larouche), CHU de Québec - Centre Mère-Enfant Soleil, Québec, Que.; Public Health Agency of Canada (Xie, Elkhalifa, Frechette, Kaur, Onysko), Ottawa, Ont.; C17 Council (Barber), Edmonton, Alta.; Division of Hematology-Oncology (Bouffet, Cohen-Gogo, Sung) and Program in Child Health Evaluative Sciences (Sung), Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology (Fernandez, Randall), IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS; Division of Hematology/Oncology (Mitchell), Montreal Children's Hospital, Montréal, Que.; Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/BMT (Rayar), BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC; Jim Pattison Children's Hospital (Stammers), Saskatoon, Sask.; Pediatric Oncology Group of Ontario (Airhart), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research (Fidler-Benaoudia), Cancer Care Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alta.; Division of Hematology-Oncology (Gibson), McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton, Ont
| | - Mylene Frechette
- Division of Hematology-Oncology (Pelland-Marcotte, Larouche), CHU de Québec - Centre Mère-Enfant Soleil, Québec, Que.; Public Health Agency of Canada (Xie, Elkhalifa, Frechette, Kaur, Onysko), Ottawa, Ont.; C17 Council (Barber), Edmonton, Alta.; Division of Hematology-Oncology (Bouffet, Cohen-Gogo, Sung) and Program in Child Health Evaluative Sciences (Sung), Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology (Fernandez, Randall), IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS; Division of Hematology/Oncology (Mitchell), Montreal Children's Hospital, Montréal, Que.; Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/BMT (Rayar), BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC; Jim Pattison Children's Hospital (Stammers), Saskatoon, Sask.; Pediatric Oncology Group of Ontario (Airhart), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research (Fidler-Benaoudia), Cancer Care Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alta.; Division of Hematology-Oncology (Gibson), McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton, Ont
| | - Jaskiran Kaur
- Division of Hematology-Oncology (Pelland-Marcotte, Larouche), CHU de Québec - Centre Mère-Enfant Soleil, Québec, Que.; Public Health Agency of Canada (Xie, Elkhalifa, Frechette, Kaur, Onysko), Ottawa, Ont.; C17 Council (Barber), Edmonton, Alta.; Division of Hematology-Oncology (Bouffet, Cohen-Gogo, Sung) and Program in Child Health Evaluative Sciences (Sung), Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology (Fernandez, Randall), IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS; Division of Hematology/Oncology (Mitchell), Montreal Children's Hospital, Montréal, Que.; Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/BMT (Rayar), BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC; Jim Pattison Children's Hospital (Stammers), Saskatoon, Sask.; Pediatric Oncology Group of Ontario (Airhart), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research (Fidler-Benaoudia), Cancer Care Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alta.; Division of Hematology-Oncology (Gibson), McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton, Ont
| | - Jay Onysko
- Division of Hematology-Oncology (Pelland-Marcotte, Larouche), CHU de Québec - Centre Mère-Enfant Soleil, Québec, Que.; Public Health Agency of Canada (Xie, Elkhalifa, Frechette, Kaur, Onysko), Ottawa, Ont.; C17 Council (Barber), Edmonton, Alta.; Division of Hematology-Oncology (Bouffet, Cohen-Gogo, Sung) and Program in Child Health Evaluative Sciences (Sung), Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology (Fernandez, Randall), IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS; Division of Hematology/Oncology (Mitchell), Montreal Children's Hospital, Montréal, Que.; Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/BMT (Rayar), BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC; Jim Pattison Children's Hospital (Stammers), Saskatoon, Sask.; Pediatric Oncology Group of Ontario (Airhart), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research (Fidler-Benaoudia), Cancer Care Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alta.; Division of Hematology-Oncology (Gibson), McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton, Ont
| | - Eric Bouffet
- Division of Hematology-Oncology (Pelland-Marcotte, Larouche), CHU de Québec - Centre Mère-Enfant Soleil, Québec, Que.; Public Health Agency of Canada (Xie, Elkhalifa, Frechette, Kaur, Onysko), Ottawa, Ont.; C17 Council (Barber), Edmonton, Alta.; Division of Hematology-Oncology (Bouffet, Cohen-Gogo, Sung) and Program in Child Health Evaluative Sciences (Sung), Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology (Fernandez, Randall), IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS; Division of Hematology/Oncology (Mitchell), Montreal Children's Hospital, Montréal, Que.; Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/BMT (Rayar), BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC; Jim Pattison Children's Hospital (Stammers), Saskatoon, Sask.; Pediatric Oncology Group of Ontario (Airhart), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research (Fidler-Benaoudia), Cancer Care Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alta.; Division of Hematology-Oncology (Gibson), McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton, Ont
| | - Conrad V Fernandez
- Division of Hematology-Oncology (Pelland-Marcotte, Larouche), CHU de Québec - Centre Mère-Enfant Soleil, Québec, Que.; Public Health Agency of Canada (Xie, Elkhalifa, Frechette, Kaur, Onysko), Ottawa, Ont.; C17 Council (Barber), Edmonton, Alta.; Division of Hematology-Oncology (Bouffet, Cohen-Gogo, Sung) and Program in Child Health Evaluative Sciences (Sung), Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology (Fernandez, Randall), IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS; Division of Hematology/Oncology (Mitchell), Montreal Children's Hospital, Montréal, Que.; Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/BMT (Rayar), BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC; Jim Pattison Children's Hospital (Stammers), Saskatoon, Sask.; Pediatric Oncology Group of Ontario (Airhart), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research (Fidler-Benaoudia), Cancer Care Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alta.; Division of Hematology-Oncology (Gibson), McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton, Ont
| | - David Mitchell
- Division of Hematology-Oncology (Pelland-Marcotte, Larouche), CHU de Québec - Centre Mère-Enfant Soleil, Québec, Que.; Public Health Agency of Canada (Xie, Elkhalifa, Frechette, Kaur, Onysko), Ottawa, Ont.; C17 Council (Barber), Edmonton, Alta.; Division of Hematology-Oncology (Bouffet, Cohen-Gogo, Sung) and Program in Child Health Evaluative Sciences (Sung), Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology (Fernandez, Randall), IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS; Division of Hematology/Oncology (Mitchell), Montreal Children's Hospital, Montréal, Que.; Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/BMT (Rayar), BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC; Jim Pattison Children's Hospital (Stammers), Saskatoon, Sask.; Pediatric Oncology Group of Ontario (Airhart), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research (Fidler-Benaoudia), Cancer Care Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alta.; Division of Hematology-Oncology (Gibson), McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton, Ont
| | - Meera Rayar
- Division of Hematology-Oncology (Pelland-Marcotte, Larouche), CHU de Québec - Centre Mère-Enfant Soleil, Québec, Que.; Public Health Agency of Canada (Xie, Elkhalifa, Frechette, Kaur, Onysko), Ottawa, Ont.; C17 Council (Barber), Edmonton, Alta.; Division of Hematology-Oncology (Bouffet, Cohen-Gogo, Sung) and Program in Child Health Evaluative Sciences (Sung), Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology (Fernandez, Randall), IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS; Division of Hematology/Oncology (Mitchell), Montreal Children's Hospital, Montréal, Que.; Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/BMT (Rayar), BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC; Jim Pattison Children's Hospital (Stammers), Saskatoon, Sask.; Pediatric Oncology Group of Ontario (Airhart), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research (Fidler-Benaoudia), Cancer Care Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alta.; Division of Hematology-Oncology (Gibson), McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton, Ont
| | - Alicia Randall
- Division of Hematology-Oncology (Pelland-Marcotte, Larouche), CHU de Québec - Centre Mère-Enfant Soleil, Québec, Que.; Public Health Agency of Canada (Xie, Elkhalifa, Frechette, Kaur, Onysko), Ottawa, Ont.; C17 Council (Barber), Edmonton, Alta.; Division of Hematology-Oncology (Bouffet, Cohen-Gogo, Sung) and Program in Child Health Evaluative Sciences (Sung), Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology (Fernandez, Randall), IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS; Division of Hematology/Oncology (Mitchell), Montreal Children's Hospital, Montréal, Que.; Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/BMT (Rayar), BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC; Jim Pattison Children's Hospital (Stammers), Saskatoon, Sask.; Pediatric Oncology Group of Ontario (Airhart), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research (Fidler-Benaoudia), Cancer Care Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alta.; Division of Hematology-Oncology (Gibson), McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton, Ont
| | - David Stammers
- Division of Hematology-Oncology (Pelland-Marcotte, Larouche), CHU de Québec - Centre Mère-Enfant Soleil, Québec, Que.; Public Health Agency of Canada (Xie, Elkhalifa, Frechette, Kaur, Onysko), Ottawa, Ont.; C17 Council (Barber), Edmonton, Alta.; Division of Hematology-Oncology (Bouffet, Cohen-Gogo, Sung) and Program in Child Health Evaluative Sciences (Sung), Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology (Fernandez, Randall), IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS; Division of Hematology/Oncology (Mitchell), Montreal Children's Hospital, Montréal, Que.; Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/BMT (Rayar), BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC; Jim Pattison Children's Hospital (Stammers), Saskatoon, Sask.; Pediatric Oncology Group of Ontario (Airhart), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research (Fidler-Benaoudia), Cancer Care Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alta.; Division of Hematology-Oncology (Gibson), McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton, Ont
| | - Valérie Larouche
- Division of Hematology-Oncology (Pelland-Marcotte, Larouche), CHU de Québec - Centre Mère-Enfant Soleil, Québec, Que.; Public Health Agency of Canada (Xie, Elkhalifa, Frechette, Kaur, Onysko), Ottawa, Ont.; C17 Council (Barber), Edmonton, Alta.; Division of Hematology-Oncology (Bouffet, Cohen-Gogo, Sung) and Program in Child Health Evaluative Sciences (Sung), Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology (Fernandez, Randall), IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS; Division of Hematology/Oncology (Mitchell), Montreal Children's Hospital, Montréal, Que.; Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/BMT (Rayar), BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC; Jim Pattison Children's Hospital (Stammers), Saskatoon, Sask.; Pediatric Oncology Group of Ontario (Airhart), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research (Fidler-Benaoudia), Cancer Care Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alta.; Division of Hematology-Oncology (Gibson), McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton, Ont
| | - Alexandra Airhart
- Division of Hematology-Oncology (Pelland-Marcotte, Larouche), CHU de Québec - Centre Mère-Enfant Soleil, Québec, Que.; Public Health Agency of Canada (Xie, Elkhalifa, Frechette, Kaur, Onysko), Ottawa, Ont.; C17 Council (Barber), Edmonton, Alta.; Division of Hematology-Oncology (Bouffet, Cohen-Gogo, Sung) and Program in Child Health Evaluative Sciences (Sung), Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology (Fernandez, Randall), IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS; Division of Hematology/Oncology (Mitchell), Montreal Children's Hospital, Montréal, Que.; Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/BMT (Rayar), BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC; Jim Pattison Children's Hospital (Stammers), Saskatoon, Sask.; Pediatric Oncology Group of Ontario (Airhart), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research (Fidler-Benaoudia), Cancer Care Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alta.; Division of Hematology-Oncology (Gibson), McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton, Ont
| | - Miranda Fidler-Benaoudia
- Division of Hematology-Oncology (Pelland-Marcotte, Larouche), CHU de Québec - Centre Mère-Enfant Soleil, Québec, Que.; Public Health Agency of Canada (Xie, Elkhalifa, Frechette, Kaur, Onysko), Ottawa, Ont.; C17 Council (Barber), Edmonton, Alta.; Division of Hematology-Oncology (Bouffet, Cohen-Gogo, Sung) and Program in Child Health Evaluative Sciences (Sung), Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology (Fernandez, Randall), IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS; Division of Hematology/Oncology (Mitchell), Montreal Children's Hospital, Montréal, Que.; Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/BMT (Rayar), BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC; Jim Pattison Children's Hospital (Stammers), Saskatoon, Sask.; Pediatric Oncology Group of Ontario (Airhart), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research (Fidler-Benaoudia), Cancer Care Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alta.; Division of Hematology-Oncology (Gibson), McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton, Ont
| | - Sarah Cohen-Gogo
- Division of Hematology-Oncology (Pelland-Marcotte, Larouche), CHU de Québec - Centre Mère-Enfant Soleil, Québec, Que.; Public Health Agency of Canada (Xie, Elkhalifa, Frechette, Kaur, Onysko), Ottawa, Ont.; C17 Council (Barber), Edmonton, Alta.; Division of Hematology-Oncology (Bouffet, Cohen-Gogo, Sung) and Program in Child Health Evaluative Sciences (Sung), Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology (Fernandez, Randall), IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS; Division of Hematology/Oncology (Mitchell), Montreal Children's Hospital, Montréal, Que.; Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/BMT (Rayar), BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC; Jim Pattison Children's Hospital (Stammers), Saskatoon, Sask.; Pediatric Oncology Group of Ontario (Airhart), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research (Fidler-Benaoudia), Cancer Care Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alta.; Division of Hematology-Oncology (Gibson), McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton, Ont
| | - Lillian Sung
- Division of Hematology-Oncology (Pelland-Marcotte, Larouche), CHU de Québec - Centre Mère-Enfant Soleil, Québec, Que.; Public Health Agency of Canada (Xie, Elkhalifa, Frechette, Kaur, Onysko), Ottawa, Ont.; C17 Council (Barber), Edmonton, Alta.; Division of Hematology-Oncology (Bouffet, Cohen-Gogo, Sung) and Program in Child Health Evaluative Sciences (Sung), Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology (Fernandez, Randall), IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS; Division of Hematology/Oncology (Mitchell), Montreal Children's Hospital, Montréal, Que.; Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/BMT (Rayar), BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC; Jim Pattison Children's Hospital (Stammers), Saskatoon, Sask.; Pediatric Oncology Group of Ontario (Airhart), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research (Fidler-Benaoudia), Cancer Care Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alta.; Division of Hematology-Oncology (Gibson), McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton, Ont
| | - Paul Gibson
- Division of Hematology-Oncology (Pelland-Marcotte, Larouche), CHU de Québec - Centre Mère-Enfant Soleil, Québec, Que.; Public Health Agency of Canada (Xie, Elkhalifa, Frechette, Kaur, Onysko), Ottawa, Ont.; C17 Council (Barber), Edmonton, Alta.; Division of Hematology-Oncology (Bouffet, Cohen-Gogo, Sung) and Program in Child Health Evaluative Sciences (Sung), Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ont.; Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology (Fernandez, Randall), IWK Health Centre, Halifax, NS; Division of Hematology/Oncology (Mitchell), Montreal Children's Hospital, Montréal, Que.; Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology/BMT (Rayar), BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, BC; Jim Pattison Children's Hospital (Stammers), Saskatoon, Sask.; Pediatric Oncology Group of Ontario (Airhart), Toronto, Ont.; Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research (Fidler-Benaoudia), Cancer Care Alberta, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, Alta.; Division of Hematology-Oncology (Gibson), McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton, Ont
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