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Liang Y, Pan Z, Zhu M, Gao R, Wang Y, Cheng Y, Zhang N. Exposure to essential and non-essential trace elements and risks of congenital heart defects: A narrative review. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1121826. [PMID: 36998909 PMCID: PMC10043220 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1121826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital heart defects (CHDs) are congenital abnormalities involving the gross structures of the heart and large blood vessels. Environmental factors, genetic factors and their interactions may contribute to the pathogenesis of CHDs. Generally, trace elements can be classified into essential trace elements and non-essential trace elements. Essential trace elements such as copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), iron (Fe), selenium (Se), and manganese (Mn) play important roles in human biological functions such as metabolic function, oxidative stress regulation, and embryonic development. Non-essential trace elements such as cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), lead (Pb), nickle (Ni), barium (Ba), chromium (Cr) and mercury (Hg) are harmful to health even at low concentrations. Recent studies have revealed the potential involvement of these trace elements in the pathogenesis of CHDs. In this review, we summarized current studies exploring exposure to essential and non-essential trace elements and risks of CHDs, in order to provide further insights for the pathogenesis and prevention of CHDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yipu Liang
- National Center for Birth Defect Monitoring, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zijian Pan
- National Center for Birth Defect Monitoring, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Mingzheng Zhu
- National Center for Birth Defect Monitoring, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruonan Gao
- National Center for Birth Defect Monitoring, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yijue Wang
- National Center for Birth Defect Monitoring, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yijuan Cheng
- National Center for Birth Defect Monitoring, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Nannan Zhang
- National Center for Birth Defect Monitoring, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Nannan Zhang,
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Luo H, Qin G, Wang L, Ye Z, Pan Y, Huang L, Luo W, Guo Q, Peng Y, Wang E. Outcomes of Infant Cardiac Surgery for Congenital Heart Disease Concomitant With Persistent Pneumonia: A Retrospective Cohort Study. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth 2018; 33:428-432. [PMID: 30055990 DOI: 10.1053/j.jvca.2018.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There is still controversy about whether an infant should have cardiac surgery concomitant with ongoing persistent pneumonia. This study analyzes the outcome of surgical treatment for infants with left-to-right shunt congenital heart disease accompanied with persistent pneumonia and discusses the perioperative management strategies for these cases. DESIGN This is a retrospective cohort study. SETTING This study was conducted in an academic hospital and is a single-center study. PARTICIPANTS In this study, the authors analyzed the data of 94 infants admitted to our hospital from January 2014 to May 2016 who underwent surgical correction for left-to-right shunt congenital heart disease. INTERVENTIONS Fifty cases without pneumonia were included as a control group, and 44 cases with unresolved persistent pneumonia were included as a study group. The clinical characteristics between the 2 groups were compared, and the perioperative safety and short-term prognosis were evaluated. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS There was no significant difference in sex composition between the 2 groups. Infants in the pneumonia group were younger and had a lower body weight (p < 0.001). There was a significant difference in types of congenital heart disease between the 2 groups (p < 0.001). Preoperative body temperature and heart rate of infants in the pneumonia group were higher than those in the control group (p < 0.001). The cardiopulmonary bypass time in the pneumonia group was significantly longer than that of the control group (p = 0.001). Perioperative major complications were not significantly different between the 2 groups. The postoperative ventilator-assisted time, duration of intensive care unit stay, and length of hospital stay were longer in the pneumonia group (p < 0.001). Only 1 patient in the control group died of severe low cardiac output syndrome. CONCLUSION The authors conclude that in the presented cases, no mortality or major morbidity was observed related to the practice of performing surgery in infants with signs of persistent pneumonia. The authors conclude that it is likely to be safe and effective for infants to receive cardiac surgery for left-to-right shunt congenital heart disease in the presence of persistent pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Luo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Gang Qin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhi Ye
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yundan Pan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lingjin Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wanjun Luo
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qulian Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yonggang Peng
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL
| | - E Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Xiangya Hospital Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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Rao PS. Editorial: What Does the Pediatrician Needs to Know About Heart Defects in Children? Indian J Pediatr 2015; 82:1019-20. [PMID: 26365157 DOI: 10.1007/s12098-015-1834-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P Syamasundar Rao
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas-Houston Medical School, Children's Memorial Hermann Hospital, 6410 Fannin, UTPB Suite # 425, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
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