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Leung LL, Myles T, Morser J. Thrombin Cleavage of Osteopontin and the Host Anti-Tumor Immune Response. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3480. [PMID: 37444590 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15133480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) is a multi-functional protein that is involved in various cellular processes such as cell adhesion, migration, and signaling. There is a single conserved thrombin cleavage site in OPN that, when cleaved, yields two fragments with different properties from full-length OPN. In cancer, OPN has tumor-promoting activity and plays a role in tumor growth and metastasis. High levels of OPN expression in cancer cells and tumor tissue are found in various types of cancer, including breast, lung, prostate, ovarian, colorectal, and pancreatic cancer, and are associated with poor prognosis and decreased survival rates. OPN promotes tumor progression and invasion by stimulating cell proliferation and angiogenesis and also facilitates the metastasis of cancer cells to other parts of the body by promoting cell adhesion and migration. Furthermore, OPN contributes to immune evasion by inhibiting the activity of immune cells. Thrombin cleavage of OPN initiates OPN's tumor-promoting activity, and thrombin cleavage fragments of OPN down-regulate the host immune anti-tumor response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence L Leung
- Division of Hematology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, 3801 Miranda Avenue, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Timothy Myles
- Division of Hematology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, 3801 Miranda Avenue, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - John Morser
- Division of Hematology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, 3801 Miranda Avenue, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
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Structural Constraint of Osteopontin Facilitates Efficient Binding to CD44. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11060813. [PMID: 34070790 PMCID: PMC8228714 DOI: 10.3390/biom11060813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the original description in 1996, the interaction between the cytokine osteopontin (OPN) and the homing receptor CD44 has been extensively studied in cancer, inflammation, bone remodeling, and various other conditions. Alternative splicing and extensive posttranslational modifications by both binding partners, as well as the possibility for lateral recruitment of additional membrane receptors or soluble co-ligands into a complex have left the exact molecular requirements for high-affinity OPN-CD44 binding unresolved. We now report that there is a moderate engagement between the unmodified molecules, which results in curved double-reciprocal plots for OPN titration, suggesting the existence of two binding sites or two binding conformations. Structural constraint of OPN, by immobilization or by addition of heparin, is required for its strong ligation of CD44. Prior literature provides evidence that heparin binding to OPN prompts the unfolding of a core element in the protein. This conformational adjustment may be essential for efficient CD44 interaction. The integrin α9β1 seems to compete with the OPN-CD44 engagement, while the integrin αVβ3 reflects additive binding, suggesting that the CD44 contact sites on OPN are downstream of the RGD motif but overlap with the SVVYGLR domain. Hyaluronate has no effect, placing the relevant domain on CD44 downstream of the N-terminus.
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Structural Biology of Calcium Phosphate Nanoclusters Sequestered by Phosphoproteins. CRYSTALS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst10090755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Biofluids that contain stable calcium phosphate nanoclusters sequestered by phosphopeptides make it possible for soft and hard tissues to co-exist in the same organism with relative ease. The stability diagram of a solution of nanocluster complexes shows how the minimum concentration of phosphopeptide needed for stability increases with pH. In the stable region, amorphous calcium phosphate cannot precipitate. Nevertheless, if the solution is brought into contact with hydroxyapatite, the crystalline phase will grow at the expense of the nanocluster complexes. The physico-chemical principles governing the formation, composition, size, structure, and stability of the complexes are described. Examples are given of complexes formed by casein, osteopontin, and recombinant phosphopeptides. Application of these principles and properties to blood serum, milk, urine, and resting saliva is described to show that under physiological conditions they are in the stable region of their stability diagram and so cannot cause soft tissue calcification. Stimulated saliva, however, is in the metastable region, consistent with its role in tooth remineralization. Destabilization of biofluids, with consequential ill-effects, can occur when there is a failure of homeostasis, such as an increase in pH without a balancing increase in the concentration of sequestering phosphopeptides.
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La Penna G, Chelli R. Structural Insights into the Osteopontin-Aptamer Complex by Molecular Dynamics Simulations. Front Chem 2018; 6:2. [PMID: 29441346 PMCID: PMC5797602 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteopontin is an intrinsically disordered protein involved in tissue remodeling. As a biomarker for pathological hypertrophy and fibrosis, the protein is targeted by an RNA aptamer. In this work, we model the interactions between osteopontin and its aptamer, including mono- (Na+) and divalent (Mg2+) cations. The molecular dynamics simulations suggest that the presence of divalent cations forces the N-terminus of osteopontin to bind the shell of divalent cations adsorbed over the surface of its RNA aptamer, the latter exposing a high negative charge density. The osteopontin plasticity as a function of the local concentration of Mg is discussed in the frame of the proposed strategies for osteopontin targeting as biomarker and in theranostic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni La Penna
- Istituto di Chimica dei Composti Organometallici, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Florence, Italy
| | - Riccardo Chelli
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Firenze, Florence, Italy
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Effect of Phosphorylation on a Human-like Osteopontin Peptide. Biophys J 2017; 112:1586-1596. [PMID: 28445750 PMCID: PMC5406370 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2017.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 02/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The last decade established that the dynamic properties of the phosphoproteome are central to function and its modulation. The temporal dimension of phosphorylation effects remains nonetheless poorly understood, particularly for intrinsically disordered proteins. Osteopontin, selected for this study due to its key role in biomineralization, is expressed in many species and tissues to play a range of distinct roles. A notable property of highly phosphorylated isoforms of osteopontin is their ability to sequester nanoclusters of calcium phosphate to form a core-shell structure, in a fluid that is supersaturated but stable. In Biology, this process enables soft and hard tissues to coexist in the same organism with relative ease. Here, we extend our understanding of the effect of phosphorylation on a disordered protein, the recombinant human-like osteopontin rOPN. The solution structures of the phosphorylated and unphosphorylated rOPN were investigated by small-angle x-ray scattering and no significant changes were detected on the radius of gyration or maximum interatomic distance. The picosecond-to-nanosecond dynamics of the hydrated powders of the two rOPN forms were further compared by elastic and quasi-elastic incoherent neutron scattering. Phosphorylation was found to block some nanosecond side-chain motions while increasing the flexibility of other side chains on the faster timescale. Phosphorylation can thus selectively change the dynamic behavior of even a highly disordered protein such as osteopontin. Through such an effect on rOPN, phosphorylation can direct allosteric mechanisms, interactions with substrates, cofactors and, in this case, amorphous or crystalline biominerals.
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Kurzbach D, Canet E, Flamm AG, Jhajharia A, Weber EMM, Konrat R, Bodenhausen G. Untersuchung von intrinsisch unstrukturierten Proteinen mithilfe des Austausches mit hyperpolarisiertem Wasser. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201608903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Kurzbach
- Departement de Chimie Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS Laboratoire des Biomolécules (LBM) 24 rue Lhomond 75005 Paris Frankreich
- Sorbonne Universites, UPMC Univ Paris 06 Ecole Normale Supérieure CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules (LBM) Paris Frankreich
| | - Estel Canet
- Departement de Chimie Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS Laboratoire des Biomolécules (LBM) 24 rue Lhomond 75005 Paris Frankreich
- Sorbonne Universites, UPMC Univ Paris 06 Ecole Normale Supérieure CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules (LBM) Paris Frankreich
| | - Andrea G. Flamm
- Department of Structural and Computational Biology Max F. Perutz Laboratories Universität Wien Vienna BioCenter 5 1030 Wien Österreich
| | - Aditya Jhajharia
- Departement de Chimie Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS Laboratoire des Biomolécules (LBM) 24 rue Lhomond 75005 Paris Frankreich
- Sorbonne Universites, UPMC Univ Paris 06 Ecole Normale Supérieure CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules (LBM) Paris Frankreich
| | - Emmanuelle M. M. Weber
- Departement de Chimie Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS Laboratoire des Biomolécules (LBM) 24 rue Lhomond 75005 Paris Frankreich
- Sorbonne Universites, UPMC Univ Paris 06 Ecole Normale Supérieure CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules (LBM) Paris Frankreich
| | - Robert Konrat
- Department of Structural and Computational Biology Max F. Perutz Laboratories Universität Wien Vienna BioCenter 5 1030 Wien Österreich
| | - Geoffrey Bodenhausen
- Departement de Chimie Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS Laboratoire des Biomolécules (LBM) 24 rue Lhomond 75005 Paris Frankreich
- Sorbonne Universites, UPMC Univ Paris 06 Ecole Normale Supérieure CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules (LBM) Paris Frankreich
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Kurzbach D, Canet E, Flamm AG, Jhajharia A, Weber EMM, Konrat R, Bodenhausen G. Investigation of Intrinsically Disordered Proteins through Exchange with Hyperpolarized Water. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 56:389-392. [PMID: 27918140 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201608903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Hyperpolarized water can selectively enhance NMR signals of rapidly exchanging protons in osteopontin (OPN), a metastasis-associated intrinsically disordered protein (IDP), at near-physiological pH and temperature. The transfer of magnetization from hyperpolarized water is limited to solvent-exposed residues and therefore selectively enhances signals in 1 H-15 N correlation spectra. Binding to the polysaccharide heparin was found to induce the unfolding of preformed structural elements in OPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Kurzbach
- Departement de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules (LBM), 24 rue Lhomond, 75005, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universites, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules (LBM), Paris, France
| | - Estel Canet
- Departement de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules (LBM), 24 rue Lhomond, 75005, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universites, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules (LBM), Paris, France
| | - Andrea G Flamm
- Department of Structural and Computational Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter Campus 5, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Aditya Jhajharia
- Departement de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules (LBM), 24 rue Lhomond, 75005, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universites, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules (LBM), Paris, France
| | - Emmanuelle M M Weber
- Departement de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules (LBM), 24 rue Lhomond, 75005, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universites, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules (LBM), Paris, France
| | - Robert Konrat
- Department of Structural and Computational Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Vienna BioCenter Campus 5, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| | - Geoffrey Bodenhausen
- Departement de Chimie, Ecole Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules (LBM), 24 rue Lhomond, 75005, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universites, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Ecole Normale Supérieure, CNRS, Laboratoire des Biomolécules (LBM), Paris, France
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