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Alfino LN, Wilczewski-Shirai KC, Cronise KE, Coy J, Glapa K, Ehrhart EJ, Charles JB, Duval DL, Regan DP. Role of Periostin Expression in Canine Osteosarcoma Biology and Clinical Outcome. Vet Pathol 2021; 58:981-993. [PMID: 33685296 PMCID: PMC8426451 DOI: 10.1177/0300985821996671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Periostin is a matricellular protein important in regulating bone, tooth, and cardiac development. In pathologic conditions, periostin drives allergic and fibrotic inflammatory diseases and is also overexpressed in certain cancers. Periostin signaling in tumors has been shown to promote angiogenesis, metastasis, and cancer stem cell survival in rodent models, and its overexpression is associated with poor prognosis in human glioblastoma. However, the role of periostin in regulating tumorigenesis of canine cancers has not been evaluated. Given its role in bone development, we sought to evaluate mRNA and protein expression of periostin in canine osteosarcoma (OS) and assess its association with patient outcome. We validated an anti-human periostin antibody cross-reactive to canine periostin via western blot and immunohistochemistry and evaluated periostin expression in microarray data from 49 primary canine OS tumors and 8 normal bone samples. Periostin mRNA was upregulated greater than 40-fold in canine OS tumors compared to normal bone and was significantly correlated with periostin protein expression based on quantitative image analysis. However, neither periostin mRNA nor protein expression were associated with time to metastasis in this cohort. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis demonstrated significant enhancement of pro-tumorigenic pathways including canonical WNT signaling, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and angiogenesis in periostin-high tumors, while periostin-low tumors demonstrated evidence of heightened antitumor immune responses. Overall, these data identify a novel antibody that can be used as a tool for evaluation of periostin expression in dogs and suggest that investigation of Wnt pathway-targeted drugs in periostin overexpressing canine OS may be a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jonathan Coy
- 3447Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | | | - E J Ehrhart
- Ethos Diagnostic Science, Wheat Ridge, CO, USA
| | | | - Dawn L Duval
- 3447Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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Lu Z, Kamat K, Johnson BP, Yin CC, Scholler N, Abbott KL. Generation of a Fully Human scFv that binds Tumor-Specific Glycoforms. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5101. [PMID: 30911061 PMCID: PMC6433917 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41567-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-specific glycosylation changes are an attractive target for the development of diagnostic and therapeutic applications. Periostin is a glycoprotein with high expression in many tumors of epithelial origin including ovarian cancer. Strategies to target the peptide portion of periostin as a diagnostic or therapeutic biomarker for cancer are limited due to increased expression of periostin in non-cancerous inflammatory conditions. Here, we have screened for antibody fragments that recognize the tumor-specific glycosylation present on glycoforms of periostin containing bisecting N-glycans in ovarian cancer using a yeast-display library of antibody fragments, while subtracting those that bind to the periostin protein with glycoforms found in non-malignant cell types. We generated a biotinylated form of a fully human scFv antibody (scFvC9) that targets the bisecting N-glycans expressed by cancer cells. Validation studies in vitro and in vivo using scFvC9 indicate this antibody can be useful for the development of diagnostic, imaging, and therapeutic applications for cancers that express the antigen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongpeng Lu
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Kalika Kamat
- SRI International Biosciences Division, Center for Cancer and Metabolism, Menlo Park, CA, 94025-3493, USA
| | - Blake P Johnson
- Ouachita Baptist University, Department of Biology, Arkadelphia, AR, 71998, USA
| | - Catherin C Yin
- SRI International Biosciences Division, Center for Cancer and Metabolism, Menlo Park, CA, 94025-3493, USA
| | - Nathalie Scholler
- SRI International Biosciences Division, Center for Cancer and Metabolism, Menlo Park, CA, 94025-3493, USA
| | - Karen L Abbott
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA.
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Seifert GJ. Fascinating Fasciclins: A Surprisingly Widespread Family of Proteins that Mediate Interactions between the Cell Exterior and the Cell Surface. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1628. [PMID: 29857505 PMCID: PMC6032426 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19061628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The Fasciclin 1 (FAS1) domain is an ancient structural motif in extracellular proteins present in all kingdoms of life and particularly abundant in plants. The FAS1 domain accommodates multiple interaction surfaces, enabling it to bind different ligands. The frequently observed tandem FAS1 arrangement might both positively and negatively regulate ligand binding. Additional protein domains and post-translational modifications are partially conserved between different evolutionary clades. Human FAS1 family members are associated with multiple aspects of health and disease. At the cellular level, mammalian FAS1 proteins are implicated in extracellular matrix structure, cell to extracellular matrix and cell to cell adhesion, paracrine signaling, intracellular trafficking and endocytosis. Mammalian FAS1 proteins bind to the integrin family of receptors and to protein and carbohydrate components of the extracellular matrix. FAS1 protein encoding plant genes exert effects on cellulosic and non-cellulosic cell wall structure and cellular signaling but to establish the modes of action for any plant FAS1 protein still requires biochemical experimentation. In fungi, eubacteria and archaea, the differential presence of FAS1 proteins in closely related organisms and isolated biochemical data suggest functions in pathogenicity and symbiosis. The inter-kingdom comparison of FAS1 proteins suggests that molecular mechanisms mediating interactions between cells and their environment may have evolved at the earliest known stages of evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg J Seifert
- Department of Applied Genetics and Cell Biology, University of Natural Resources and Life Science, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria.
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Liu J, Zhang J, Xu F, Lin Z, Li Z, Liu H. Structural characterizations of human periostin dimerization and cysteinylation. FEBS Lett 2018; 592:1789-1803. [PMID: 29754429 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Human periostin plays a multifaceted role in remodeling the extracellular matrix milieu by interacting with other proteins and itself in both a heterophilic and homophilic manner. However, the structural mechanism for its extensive interactions has remained elusive. Here, we report the crystal structures of human periostin (EMI-Fas1I-IV ) and its Cys60Ala mutant. In combination with multi-angle light-scattering analysis and biochemical assays, the crystal structures reveal that periostin mainly exists as a dimer in solution and its homophilic interaction is mainly mediated by the EMI domain. Furthermore, Cys60 undergoes cysteinylation as confirmed by mass spectroscopy, and this site hardly affects the homophilic interaction. Also, the structures yield insights into how periostin forms heterophilic interactions with other proteins under physiological or pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianmei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Haidian District, Beijing, China.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Junying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Haidian District, Beijing, China.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Haidian District, Beijing, China.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaohan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Haidian District, Beijing, China.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiqiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Haidian District, Beijing, China.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Heli Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Haidian District, Beijing, China.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Haidian District, Beijing, China
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