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Omami G, Yeoh M. Malignant Lesions of the Oral Region. Dent Clin North Am 2024; 68:319-335. [PMID: 38417993 DOI: 10.1016/j.cden.2023.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
This article focuses on the radiographic presentations of various malignant conditions that affect the oral region and delineates the role of CT, MR imaging, and PET in oral cancer imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galal Omami
- Division of Oral Diagnosis, Oral Medicine, and Oral Radiology, Department of Oral Health Practice, University of Kentucky College of Dentistry, 770 Rose Street, MN320, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.
| | - Melvyn Yeoh
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Kentucky College of Dentistry, 770 Rose Street, D-528, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
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Dixit S, Kumar A, Srinivasan K. A Current Review of Machine Learning and Deep Learning Models in Oral Cancer Diagnosis: Recent Technologies, Open Challenges, and Future Research Directions. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13071353. [PMID: 37046571 PMCID: PMC10093759 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13071353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a problematic global health issue with an extremely high fatality rate throughout the world. The application of various machine learning techniques that have appeared in the field of cancer diagnosis in recent years has provided meaningful insights into efficient and precise treatment decision-making. Due to rapid advancements in sequencing technologies, the detection of cancer based on gene expression data has improved over the years. Different types of cancer affect different parts of the body in different ways. Cancer that affects the mouth, lip, and upper throat is known as oral cancer, which is the sixth most prevalent form of cancer worldwide. India, Bangladesh, China, the United States, and Pakistan are the top five countries with the highest rates of oral cavity disease and lip cancer. The major causes of oral cancer are excessive use of tobacco and cigarette smoking. Many people’s lives can be saved if oral cancer (OC) can be detected early. Early identification and diagnosis could assist doctors in providing better patient care and effective treatment. OC screening may advance with the implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) techniques. AI can provide assistance to the oncology sector by accurately analyzing a large dataset from several imaging modalities. This review deals with the implementation of AI during the early stages of cancer for the proper detection and treatment of OC. Furthermore, performance evaluations of several DL and ML models have been carried out to show that the DL model can overcome the difficult challenges associated with early cancerous lesions in the mouth. For this review, we have followed the rules recommended for the extension of scoping reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA-ScR). Examining the reference lists for the chosen articles helped us gather more details on the subject. Additionally, we discussed AI’s drawbacks and its potential use in research on oral cancer. There are methods for reducing risk factors, such as reducing the use of tobacco and alcohol, as well as immunization against HPV infection to avoid oral cancer, or to lessen the burden of the disease. Additionally, officious methods for preventing oral diseases include training programs for doctors and patients as well as facilitating early diagnosis via screening high-risk populations for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shriniket Dixit
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India
| | - Anant Kumar
- School of Bioscience and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India
| | - Kathiravan Srinivasan
- School of Computer Science and Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, India
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A rare case of primary intraosseous carcinoma of the mandible with perineural extension mimicking neurolymphomatosis on [18F]-FDG PET/CT. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022; 50:1835-1836. [PMID: 36522436 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-022-06085-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Nor F, Cuellar JPC, Wongpattaraworakul W, Steward-Tharp S, Austin B, Hellstein J, Lanzel E. An incidental radiolucent lesion involving the angle of the mandible. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2022:S2212-4403(22)01179-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2022.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Long E, You D, Wang S, Lu S, Xu P, Zhou J, Li L, Wu J, Zhang B, Zhu G, Lang J. Outcome of primary intraosseous carcinoma: cases review of a single institution. Oral Dis 2022. [PMID: 35500146 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to investigate the prognostic factors and treatment of primary intraosseous carcinoma. METHODS Patients diagnosed with primary intraosseous carcinoma and received treatment in Sichuan cancer hospital from 2000 to 2019 were followed up and retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS A total of 28 patients were included in the study, with a mean age of 60 years (60±10.11). The 2-year and 5-year overall survival were 60.7% and 38.5% respectively. In the univariate analysis, surgery combined with adjuvant therapy improved the overall survival compared with surgery or radiotherapy alone (P=0.035), and patients received postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy had a higher overall survival than those who received radical radiotherapy (P = 0.01). In addition, patients with well differentiated tumors have increased progression free survival (P=0.01). Multivariate analyses showed that radiotherapy was an independent indicator for overall survival (P = 0.007). CONCLUSIONS surgery combined with adjuvant therapy is the superior treatment strategy for primary intraosseous carcinoma at present. This study is the first to confirm the positive role of radiotherapy in treating primary intraosseous carcinoma with data to back it up.
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Affiliation(s)
- En Long
- Department of Oncology, Southwest Medical University, 646000, Luzhou, China
| | - Dongling You
- Department of Oncology, Southwest Medical University, 646000, Luzhou, China
| | - Shubin Wang
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Shun Lu
- Department of radiation oncology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Prevention and Control Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 610041, Chengdu, China.,Department of Radiological Protection, Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Department of radiation oncology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Prevention and Control Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of radiation oncology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Prevention and Control Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Lu Li
- Department of radiation oncology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Prevention and Control Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Oncology, Southwest Medical University, 646000, Luzhou, China
| | - Biqin Zhang
- School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Guiquan Zhu
- Department of Head and Neck Oncology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Prevention and Control Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 610041, Chengdu, China.,State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Centre for Oral Diseases, Department of Head and Neck Oncology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinyi Lang
- Department of Oncology, Southwest Medical University, 646000, Luzhou, China.,Department of radiation oncology, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Prevention and Control Center, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 610041, Chengdu, China.,Department of Radiological Protection, Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, 610041, Chengdu, China
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Oh HJ, Shin DW, Yoon HJ, Myoung H, Kim SM. Primary intraosseous carcinoma in the pediatric and adolescent mandible. World J Surg Oncol 2022; 20:25. [PMID: 35086533 PMCID: PMC8793206 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-021-02465-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary intraosseous carcinoma (PIOC) is a rare malignant odontogenic tumor that predominantly occurs in males older than 50 years. PIOC can be misdiagnosed as odontogenic cyst because it occasionally shows a well-defined border on radiography. In this study, related literatures of pediatric and adolescent PIOC cases were analyzed under strict PRISMA guidelines along with an adolescent case who was provisionally misdiagnosed as an odontogenic cyst. METHODS All case reports for PIOC published in English from 1966 to 2021 were collected. Cases under the age of 20 were classified as pediatric and adolescent populations in this study. A total of 12 pediatric and adolescent cases including 11 PIOCs from the literature and one new case of a 14-year-old female were analyzed. Clinical and radiographic features, diagnosis and treatment approaches, and prognosis were investigated. RESULTS Ages ranged from 4 to 18 years. The female to male ratio was 1.4:1. Seven cases occurred in the mandible. Swelling was observed in 11 patients. The radiologic borders were well-defined in six cases and corticated in four cases. Tooth displacement and root resorption were observed in four and six cases, respectively. The provisional diagnosis for seven patients was odontogenic cyst and enucleation was performed in six cases including the new case. During the follow-up period, local recurrence occurred in three patients. The pediatric and adolescent PIOC cases with local recurrence showed poor prognosis. The locally recurred lesion in the new case did not decrease in size despite concurrent chemo-radiation therapy. CONCLUSIONS Three-dimensional imaging modalities and incisional biopsy with multiple specimens are necessary to rule out PIOC in the lesions with atypical radiographic findings. PIOC should be diagnosed differentially from odontogenic cyst even in pediatric and adolescent populations to properly manage the disease with poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Jun Oh
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Dong Whan Shin
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Hye-Jung Yoon
- Department of Oral Pathology, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hoon Myoung
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea.
| | - Soung Min Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea.
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Harada F, Abiko Y, Khurelchuluun A, Yoshida K, Takeda S, Nakayama E, Shimo T, Nagayasu H. Intraosseous clear cell mucoepidermoid carcinoma in the maxilla: A case report and review of literature. Clin Case Rep 2021; 9:e04447. [PMID: 34322244 PMCID: PMC8299266 DOI: 10.1002/ccr3.4447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
We reported an extremely rare case regarding intraosseous clear cell variant of mucoepidermoid carcinoma in maxilla.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiya Harada
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryDivision of Human Biology and PathophysiologySchool of DentistryHealth Sciences University of HokkaidoHokkaidoJapan
| | - Yoshihiro Abiko
- Department of Oral Medicine and PathologyDivision of Human Biology and PathophysiologySchool of DentistryHealth Sciences University of HokkaidoHokkaidoJapan
| | - Ariuntsetseg Khurelchuluun
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryDivision of Human Biology and PathophysiologySchool of DentistryHealth Sciences University of HokkaidoHokkaidoJapan
- Department of Oral Medicine and PathologyDivision of Human Biology and PathophysiologySchool of DentistryHealth Sciences University of HokkaidoHokkaidoJapan
| | - Koki Yoshida
- Department of Oral Medicine and PathologyDivision of Human Biology and PathophysiologySchool of DentistryHealth Sciences University of HokkaidoHokkaidoJapan
| | - Shigehiro Takeda
- Department of Reconstructive Surgery for Oral Maxillofacial RegionDivision of Human Biology and PathophysiologySchool of DentistryHealth Sciences University of HokkaidoHokkaidoJapan
| | - Eiji Nakayama
- Department of Oral Maxillofacial RadiologyDivision of Human Biology and PathophysiologySchool of DentistryHealth Sciences University of HokkaidoHokkaidoJapan
| | - Tsuyoshi Shimo
- Department of Reconstructive Surgery for Oral Maxillofacial RegionDivision of Human Biology and PathophysiologySchool of DentistryHealth Sciences University of HokkaidoHokkaidoJapan
| | - Hiroki Nagayasu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial SurgeryDivision of Human Biology and PathophysiologySchool of DentistryHealth Sciences University of HokkaidoHokkaidoJapan
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Lee WB, Hwang DS, Kim UK. Sequential treatment from mandibulectomy to reconstruction on mandibular oral cancer - Case review I: mandibular ramus and angle lesion of primary intraosseous squamous cell carcinoma. J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg 2021; 47:120-127. [PMID: 33911044 PMCID: PMC8084740 DOI: 10.5125/jkaoms.2021.47.2.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary intraosseous squamous cell carcinoma (PIOSCC) is very rare type of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) that occurs within the jaw and arises from remnants of odontogenic epithelium with no connection to the oral mucosa. This study reports two cases of PIOSCC of the mandible. Reported in this article are two cases of PIOSCC of the mandible that were treated with resection and reconstruction using a fibular free flap. The first case was a 36-year-old male patient who complained of right mandibular pain. Computed tomography (CT) and panoramic radiograph revealed a large radiolucency in the mandibular ramus area. At first, an odontogenic keratocyst was tentatively diagnosed, and an excision procedure was carried out at another clinic. A final biopsy after cyst enucleation revealed well-differentiated SCC, so we proceeded with segmental mandibulectomy and reconstruction using a fibular free flap. The second case was a 48-year-old male patient with left mandibular pain. CT and panoramic radiograph revealed irregular radiolucency in the mandibular angle area near tooth #38. At first, osteomyelitis was tentatively diagnosed, and a curettage was carried out. A later biopsy revealed well-differentiated SCC, so segmental mandibulectomy and reconstruction with a fibular free flap were secondarily performed. Our two cases have had no recurrence. The facial appearance of both patients is satisfactory, and the neo-mandibular body created using a fibular bone transfer displays adequate bony volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Bum Lee
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Dae-Seok Hwang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
| | - Uk-Kyu Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Korea
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Janardhanan M, Rakesh S, Savithri V, Aravind T, Mohan M. Carcinoma Cuniculatum of Mandible Masquerading as Odontogenic Keratocyst: Challenges in the Histopathological Diagnosis. Head Neck Pathol 2021; 15:1313-1321. [PMID: 33398682 PMCID: PMC8633164 DOI: 10.1007/s12105-020-01265-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Carcinoma cuniculatum is a locally aggressive, low-grade variant of squamous cell carcinoma. Though primarily a tumour of the skin, it has also been found to be arising from various mucosal surfaces including oral mucosa. When it occurs in the mandible it starts as a mucosal lesion which progressively invades the jaw and destroys the underlying bone, often presenting as a cystic lesion. With only around 30 cases reported in the mandible, this entity remains an elusive one for the pathologist and all except a few cases reported so far, had been misdiagnosed initially. The delay in the diagnosis is a major concern as it results in further progression of the disease with extensive involvement of bone and associated soft tissue structures. The aim of this article is to discuss the histopathological challenges faced in arriving at the diagnosis of a case of carcinoma cuniculatum involving the mandible. Owing to its overlapping clinico-pathological characteristics with odontogenic keratocyst the lesion has been misdiagnosed initially resulting in inadequate management, leading to multiple recurrences and unexpected complications. As a few cases like the present one had been erroneously diagnosed as odontogenic keratocyst previously, it becomes important to identify the varied clinical presentation and unique histopathological characteristic of carcinoma cuniculatum of mandible to help us in recognizing this often-missed entity at an earlier stage, so that it can be managed effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahija Janardhanan
- grid.411370.00000 0000 9081 2061Department of Oral Pathology, Amrita School of Dentistry, AIMS Campus, AIMS Ponekkara (P.O), Kochi, Kerala 682041 India
| | - S. Rakesh
- grid.411370.00000 0000 9081 2061Department of Oral Pathology, Amrita School of Dentistry, AIMS Campus, AIMS Ponekkara (P.O), Kochi, Kerala 682041 India
| | - Vindhya Savithri
- grid.411370.00000 0000 9081 2061Department of Oral Pathology, Amrita School of Dentistry, AIMS Campus, AIMS Ponekkara (P.O), Kochi, Kerala 682041 India
| | - Thara Aravind
- grid.411370.00000 0000 9081 2061Department of Oral Pathology, Amrita School of Dentistry, AIMS Campus, AIMS Ponekkara (P.O), Kochi, Kerala 682041 India
| | - Mridula Mohan
- grid.411370.00000 0000 9081 2061Department of Oral Pathology, Amrita School of Dentistry, AIMS Campus, AIMS Ponekkara (P.O), Kochi, Kerala 682041 India
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