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Almeida ERV, Melo AS, Lima AS, Lemos VA, Oliveira GS, Cletche CF, Souza AS, Bezerra MA. A review of the use of central composite design in the optimization of procedures aiming at food chemical analysis. Food Chem 2025; 480:143849. [PMID: 40117823 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2025.143849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2025] [Revised: 02/28/2025] [Accepted: 03/10/2025] [Indexed: 03/23/2025]
Abstract
Design of experiments is a branch of chemometrics that encompasses the study and application of experimental matrices to study and optimize systems, procedures, and processes to improve their performances. The central composite design (CCD) stands out among the experimental matrices available for this task. This design has been widely applied in various areas of human knowledge due to its flexibility and robustness. This review addresses the use of CCD as a matrix to optimize analytical methods to improve their characteristics in determining analytes in food samples. Its principles and characteristics, its association with the response surface methodology, and recent applications of this matrix in developing analytical methods aimed at food analysis will also be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Raina Venâncio Almeida
- Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Campus de Jequié, Departamento de Ciências e Tecnologias, Rua José Moreira Sobrinho s/n, 45.206-190, Jequié City, Bahia, Brazil; Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Química, Campus da Federação/Ondina, Rua Barão de Geremoabo s/n, 40.170-115, Salvador City, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Anderson Silva Melo
- Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Campus de Jequié, Departamento de Ciências e Tecnologias, Rua José Moreira Sobrinho s/n, 45.206-190, Jequié City, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Adriana Silva Lima
- Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Campus de Jequié, Departamento de Ciências e Tecnologias, Rua José Moreira Sobrinho s/n, 45.206-190, Jequié City, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Valfredo Azevedo Lemos
- Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Campus de Jequié, Departamento de Ciências e Tecnologias, Rua José Moreira Sobrinho s/n, 45.206-190, Jequié City, Bahia, Brazil; Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Química, Campus da Federação/Ondina, Rua Barão de Geremoabo s/n, 40.170-115, Salvador City, Bahia, Brazil.
| | - Geovane Silva Oliveira
- Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Campus de Jequié, Departamento de Ciências e Tecnologias, Rua José Moreira Sobrinho s/n, 45.206-190, Jequié City, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Clinzen Fona Cletche
- Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Campus de Jequié, Departamento de Ciências e Tecnologias, Rua José Moreira Sobrinho s/n, 45.206-190, Jequié City, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Anderson Santos Souza
- Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Campus Anísio Teixeira, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, 45029-094, Vitória da Conquista City, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Marcos Almeida Bezerra
- Universidade Estadual do Sudoeste da Bahia, Campus de Jequié, Departamento de Ciências e Tecnologias, Rua José Moreira Sobrinho s/n, 45.206-190, Jequié City, Bahia, Brazil; Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Química, Campus da Federação/Ondina, Rua Barão de Geremoabo s/n, 40.170-115, Salvador City, Bahia, Brazil
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Liu B, Yan W. Quantitative Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Analysis of Chia Seed Oil by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. J Chromatogr Sci 2021; 59:120-127. [PMID: 33169127 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmaa084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) and linoleic acid (LA), abundant in chia seed oil, are useful polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) with numerous health benefits. The objectives of the present study were to explore the optimum extraction condition of chia seed oil and the possibilities of direct analysis of ALA and LA in chia seed oil by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (RP-HPLC-UV). The optimized chia seed oil extraction condition was set by the usage of Soxhlet extrator with hexane as a solvent, with the solvent to solid ratio of 8 and the extraction time of 8 h. Prior to HPLC-UV analysis, the oil was saponified in order to get the free fatty acids for detection. The results showed that the proposed HPLC-UV method allowed the quantification of ALA and LA in chia seed oil. The method was simple, rapid (within 18 min) and sensitive (limit of detection 0.006 mg/mL for ALA and 0.02 mg/mL for LA) and precise (RSD ≤ 2%). Thus, the proposed experimental designs were shown to offer considerable advantages over traditional derivatization approaches in the ALA and LA analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingbing Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Weidong Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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Arslan FN, Kolk A, Janssen H. Methods for one– and two–dimensional gas chromatography with flame ionization detection for identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in sputum. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2019; 1124:204-217. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2019.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Akin G, Karuk Elmas ŞN, Arslan FN, Yılmaz İ, Kenar A. Chemometric classification and quantification of cold pressed grape seed oil in blends with refined soybean oils using attenuated total reflectance–mid infrared (ATR–MIR) spectroscopy. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2018.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Hamedpour V, Leardi R, Suzuki K, Citterio D. Fabrication of paper-based analytical devices optimized by central composite design. Analyst 2018; 143:2102-2108. [DOI: 10.1039/c8an00332g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work, an application of a design of experiments approach for the optimization of an isoniazid assay on a single-area inkjet-printed paper-based analytical device (PAD) is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Hamedpour
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Keio University
- Yokohama 223-8522
- Japan
| | | | - Koji Suzuki
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Keio University
- Yokohama 223-8522
- Japan
| | - Daniel Citterio
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Keio University
- Yokohama 223-8522
- Japan
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