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Multiresidues Multiclass Analytical Methods for Determination of Antibiotics in Animal Origin Food: A Critical Analysis. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12020202. [PMID: 36830113 PMCID: PMC9952001 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12020202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Veterinary drugs are widely used to prevent and treat diseases. The European Union has forbidden the use of antibiotics as growth promoters since 2006. Its abusive use leads to the presence of antibiotic residues (AR) in foods of animal origin which is associated with antibiotic resistance. The monitoring of AR in food intended for human consumption is of utmost importance to assure Food Safety. A systematic bibliographic review was carried out on the analytical methodologies, published in 2013, for the determination of AR in foods of animal origin. The food processing effect in the AR detected in animal products is also addressed. However, there is a preference for multiresidues multiclass methods, i.e., methodologies that allow determining simultaneously different classes of antibiotics, which is still a challenge for researchers. The wide diversity of physico-chemical properties of these drugs is an obstacle to achieving excellent analytical performance for a vast number of molecules analyzed concurrently. New techniques in sample preparation continue to be developed in order to obtain a compromise between good recoveries and extracts without interferences (clean extracts). The most widely used analytical methodology for the determination of AR is liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. However, the current trend is focused on the use of powerful high-resolution MS detectors such as Time of Flight and Orbitrap with modern chromatographic systems. Cooking time and temperature control are the key processing conditions influencing the reduction of AR in foods.
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Yu X, Wu X, Xie Y, Tong K, Wang M, Li J, Fan C, Chen H. Development and Validation of a Method for Determination of 43 Antimicrobial Drugs in Western-Style Pork Products by UPLC-MS/MS with the Aid of Experimental Design. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238283. [PMID: 36500374 PMCID: PMC9739473 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Western-style pork products have attracted many modern urban consumers, and these products have rapidly entered the Chinese market. The current hazard analysis of processed meat products mainly focuses on processing hazards (PAHs, microorganisms, and food additives), with less attention to veterinary drug residues. According to the survey results, the residues of antimicrobial drugs (sulfonamides and quinolones) in pork and its products in China are a severe problem, which may cause metabolic reactions, toxic effects, or enhance drug resistance. This study applied a modified QuEChERS method combined with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MSMS) to develop a rapid and sensitive method for determining antimicrobial drugs in bacon and ham was successfully evaluated methodologically by EU 2002/657/EC. This study used a three-level, three-factor Box-Behnken design (BBD) to optimize the QuEChERS method by response surface methodology. The excellent linearity of the calibration curve was shown in the corresponding concentration range with a coefficient of determination greater than 0.99. The values of decision limit (CCα) and detection capability (CCβ) were in the range of 10.9-31.3 μg/kg and 11.8-52.5 μg/kg, respectively. The method successfully detected two trace levels of antimicrobial drugs in commercially available samples, including sulfadiazine and moxifloxacin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxuan Yu
- Chinese Academy of Inspection & Quarantine, No. 11, Ronghua South Road, Beijing 100176, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
| | - Xingqiang Wu
- Chinese Academy of Inspection & Quarantine, No. 11, Ronghua South Road, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Yujie Xie
- Chinese Academy of Inspection & Quarantine, No. 11, Ronghua South Road, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Kaixuan Tong
- Chinese Academy of Inspection & Quarantine, No. 11, Ronghua South Road, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Minglin Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian 271018, China
- Correspondence: (M.W.); (H.C.)
| | - Jianhui Li
- Waters Technology (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Beijing 101102, China
| | - Chunlin Fan
- Chinese Academy of Inspection & Quarantine, No. 11, Ronghua South Road, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Chinese Academy of Inspection & Quarantine, No. 11, Ronghua South Road, Beijing 100176, China
- Correspondence: (M.W.); (H.C.)
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Lavrukhina OI, Amelin VG, Kish LK, Tretyakov AV, Pen’kov TD. Determination of Residual Amounts of Antibiotics in Environmental Samples and Food Products. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934822110077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Yıldırım S, Cocovi-Solberg DJ, Uslu B, Solich P, Horstkotte B. Lab-In-Syringe automation of deep eutectic solvent-based direct immersion single drop microextraction coupled online to high-performance liquid chromatography for the determination of fluoroquinolones. Talanta 2022; 246:123476. [PMID: 35461115 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Lab-In-Syringe direct immersion single drop microextraction is proposed as an automated sample pretreatment methodology and coupled online to HPLC with fluorescence detection for the determination of fluoroquinolones in environmental waters. For the first time, a drop of a natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES), synthesized from hexanoic acid and thymol, has been used as an extractant in automated single-drop microextraction. The extraction procedure was carried out within the 5 mL void of an automatic syringe pump. A 9-position head valve served the aspiration of all required solutions, air, waste disposal, and hyphenation with the HPLC instrument. Sample mixing during extraction was done by a magnetic stirring bar placed inside the syringe. Only 60 μL of NADES were required omitting toxic classical solvents and improving the greenness of the proposed methodology. By direct injection, linear working ranges between 0.1 and 5 μg L-1 were achieved for all fluoroquinolones. The limit of quantification values and enrichment factors ranged from 20 ng L-1 to 30 ng L-1 and 35 to 45, respectively. Accuracies obtained from the analysis of spiked surface water and wastewater treatment plant effluent analysis at two concentration levels (0.5 and 4 μg L-1) ranged from 84.6% to 119.7%, with RSD values typically <3%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sercan Yıldırım
- Karadeniz Technical University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Farabi Street, 61080, Trabzon, Turkey; Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 50005, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - David J Cocovi-Solberg
- University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Department of Chemistry, Institute of Analytical Chemistry, Muthgasse 18, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bengi Uslu
- Ankara University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Yenimahalle, 06560, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Petr Solich
- Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 50005, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Burkhard Horstkotte
- Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Akademika Heyrovského 1203, 50005, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic.
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Rocha DG, Lana MAG, de Assis DCS, de Macedo AN, Corrêa JMM, Augusti R, Faria AF. A novel strategy for the detection of boldenone undecylenate misuse in cattle using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution orbitrap mass spectrometry: From non-targeted to targeted. Drug Test Anal 2021; 14:667-675. [PMID: 34850583 DOI: 10.1002/dta.3208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In this work multivariate strategies were employed in order to highlight new potential biomarkers of interest to detect the exogenous treatment of steers intramuscularly treated with boldenone undecylenate. Serum samples collected from treated (n = 4) and control (n = 8) crossbred animals of varying ages and weights were extracted using a simple sample preparation procedure based on salt assisted liquid-liquid extraction. Data acquisition was performed using liquid chromatography and Q-Exactive™ Orbitrap mass spectrometry. Data processing and treatment were performed using two non-targeted workflows: (1) Compound Discoverer software and (2) XCMS package on the open-source R software combined with MetaboAnalyst. Three potential biomarkers were highlighted taking into account the chromatographic shapes, the feature location on the generated s-plots, the fold change, the adjusted p values, the coefficient of variation in the QC samples and the area under the ROC curves. Predicted formulas based on mass accuracy, structural composition and spectra similarity were proposed. A robust statistical model to predict the boldenone treatment was further developed based on the weighted abundances of the selected biomarkers. The requirements for screening methods were successfully fulfilled, together with a wider detection window in comparison with the monitoring of the deconjugated metabolite boldenone, although biomarker identification studies are still ongoing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego G Rocha
- Department of Chemistry-Institute of Exact Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil.,Federal Laboratory of Animal and Plant Health and Inspection-Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply, Pedro Leopoldo, Brazil
| | - Mary Ane G Lana
- Federal Laboratory of Animal and Plant Health and Inspection-Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply, Pedro Leopoldo, Brazil
| | - Débora C S de Assis
- Veterinary School, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Adriana N de Macedo
- Department of Chemistry-Institute of Exact Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Joane M M Corrêa
- Department of Chemistry-Institute of Exact Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Rodinei Augusti
- Department of Chemistry-Institute of Exact Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Adriana F Faria
- Department of Chemistry-Institute of Exact Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Li X, Fang Z, He X, Zhang S, Ding H, Ye H. Optimization of 204 veterinary drug residues method and establishing their mass spectrum library. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2021.1986524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqin Li
- Physical and Chemical Inspection Department, Suzhou Institute For Food Control, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhijuan Fang
- Physical and Chemical Inspection Department, Suzhou Institute For Food Control, Suzhou, China
| | - Xinye He
- Physical and Chemical Inspection Department, Suzhou Institute For Food Control, Suzhou, China
| | - Shuqin Zhang
- Physical and Chemical Inspection Department, Suzhou Institute of Product Quality Supervision and Inspection, Suzhou, China
| | - Hongliu Ding
- Physical and Chemical Inspection Department, Suzhou Institute of Product Quality Supervision and Inspection, Suzhou, China
| | - Hu Ye
- Physical and Chemical Inspection Department, Suzhou Institute For Food Control, Suzhou, China
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Development and Validation of a Multi-detection Confirmatory Method for Antibiotics Determination in Piglet Kidneys by UHPLC-TOF-MS According Commission Decision 2002/657/EC. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-020-01916-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Mejía-Carmona K, Maciel EVS, Lanças FM. Miniaturized liquid chromatography applied to the analysis of residues and contaminants in food: A review. Electrophoresis 2020; 41:1680-1693. [PMID: 32359175 DOI: 10.1002/elps.202000019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The humankind is pretty dependent on food to control several biological processes into the organism. As the world population increases, the demand for foodstuffs follows the same trend claiming for a high food production situation. For this reason, a substantial amount of chemicals is used in agriculture and livestock husbandries every year, enhancing the likelihood of contaminated foodstuffs being commercialized. This outlook becomes a public health concern; thus, the governmental regulatory agencies impose laws to control the residues and contaminants in food matrices. Currently, one of the most important analytical techniques to perform it is LC. Despite its already recognized effectiveness, it is often time consuming and requires significant volumes of reagents, which are transformed into toxic waste. In this context, miniaturized LC modes emerge as a greener and more effective analytical technique. They have remarkable advantages, including higher sensitivity, lower sample amount, solvent and stationary phase requirements, and more natural coupling to MS. In this review, most of the critical characteristics of them are discussed, focusing on the benchtop instruments and their related analytical columns. Additionally, a discussion regarding the last 10 years of publications reporting miniaturized LC application for the analysis of natural and industrial food samples is categorized. The main chemical classes as applied in the crops are highlighted, including pesticides, veterinary drugs, and mycotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Mejía-Carmona
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Rawson A, Venu S, Santhi K, Paranthaman R, Sureshkumar K. Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry method development for the determination of carbaryl residue in honey. Pharmacogn Mag 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_641_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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