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Boya P. CA, Rodriguez C, Mojica-Flores R, Urrutia JC, Cantilo-Diaz V, Barrios-Jaén M, Ng MG, Pineda L, Llanes A, Spadafora C, Mejía LC, Gutiérrez M. Antiprotozoal Natural Products from Endophytic Fungi Associated with Cacao and Coffee. Metabolites 2024; 14:575. [PMID: 39590811 PMCID: PMC11596112 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14110575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2024] [Revised: 10/16/2024] [Accepted: 10/22/2024] [Indexed: 11/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Collectively, leishmaniasis and Chagas disease cause approximately 8 million cases and more than 40,000 deaths annually, mostly in tropical and subtropical regions. The current drugs used to treat these diseases have limitations and many undesirable side effects; hence, new drugs with better clinical profiles are needed. Fungal endophytes associated with plants are known to produce a wide array of bioactive secondary metabolites, including antiprotozoal compounds. In this study, we analyzed endophytic fungal isolates associated with Theobroma cacao and Coffea arabica crop plants, which yielded extracts with antitrypanosomatid activity. METHODS Crude extracts were subjected to bioassay-guided isolation by HPLC, followed by spectrometric and spectroscopic analyses via mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Results: Compounds 1-9 were isolated and displayed novel antitrypanosomal and antileishmanial activities ranging from 0.92 to 32 μM. Tandem liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis of the organic extracts from different strains via the feature-based Global Natural Products Social (GNPS) molecular networking platform allowed us to dereplicate a series of metabolites (10-23) in the extracts. Molecular docking simulations of the active compounds, using the 3-mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase protein from L. donovani (Ld3MST) and the cruzipain enzyme from T. cruzi as putative molecular targets, allowed us to suggest possible mechanisms for the action of these compounds. CONCLUSIONS The isolation of these antiprotozoal compounds confirms that crop plants like coffee and cacao harbor populations of endophytes with biomedical potential that confer added value to these crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristopher A. Boya P.
- Centro de Biodiversidad y Descubrimiento de Drogas, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), Panamá 0843-01103, Panama; (C.A.B.P.); (C.R.); (R.M.-F.); (J.C.U.); (V.C.-D.); (M.B.-J.); (L.C.M.)
| | - Candelario Rodriguez
- Centro de Biodiversidad y Descubrimiento de Drogas, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), Panamá 0843-01103, Panama; (C.A.B.P.); (C.R.); (R.M.-F.); (J.C.U.); (V.C.-D.); (M.B.-J.); (L.C.M.)
- Estación Científica COIBA AIP, Ciudad del Saber, Panamá 0816-02852, Panama
| | - Randy Mojica-Flores
- Centro de Biodiversidad y Descubrimiento de Drogas, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), Panamá 0843-01103, Panama; (C.A.B.P.); (C.R.); (R.M.-F.); (J.C.U.); (V.C.-D.); (M.B.-J.); (L.C.M.)
| | - Jean Carlo Urrutia
- Centro de Biodiversidad y Descubrimiento de Drogas, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), Panamá 0843-01103, Panama; (C.A.B.P.); (C.R.); (R.M.-F.); (J.C.U.); (V.C.-D.); (M.B.-J.); (L.C.M.)
| | - Víctor Cantilo-Diaz
- Centro de Biodiversidad y Descubrimiento de Drogas, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), Panamá 0843-01103, Panama; (C.A.B.P.); (C.R.); (R.M.-F.); (J.C.U.); (V.C.-D.); (M.B.-J.); (L.C.M.)
| | - Masiel Barrios-Jaén
- Centro de Biodiversidad y Descubrimiento de Drogas, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), Panamá 0843-01103, Panama; (C.A.B.P.); (C.R.); (R.M.-F.); (J.C.U.); (V.C.-D.); (M.B.-J.); (L.C.M.)
| | - Michelle G. Ng
- Centro de Biología Molecular y Celular de Enfermedades (CBCME), Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), Panamá 0843-01103, Panama; (M.G.N.); (L.P.); (A.L.); (C.S.)
| | - Laura Pineda
- Centro de Biología Molecular y Celular de Enfermedades (CBCME), Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), Panamá 0843-01103, Panama; (M.G.N.); (L.P.); (A.L.); (C.S.)
| | - Alejandro Llanes
- Centro de Biología Molecular y Celular de Enfermedades (CBCME), Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), Panamá 0843-01103, Panama; (M.G.N.); (L.P.); (A.L.); (C.S.)
| | - Carmenza Spadafora
- Centro de Biología Molecular y Celular de Enfermedades (CBCME), Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), Panamá 0843-01103, Panama; (M.G.N.); (L.P.); (A.L.); (C.S.)
| | - Luis C. Mejía
- Centro de Biodiversidad y Descubrimiento de Drogas, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), Panamá 0843-01103, Panama; (C.A.B.P.); (C.R.); (R.M.-F.); (J.C.U.); (V.C.-D.); (M.B.-J.); (L.C.M.)
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Ancón 0843-03092, Panama
| | - Marcelino Gutiérrez
- Centro de Biodiversidad y Descubrimiento de Drogas, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT AIP), Panamá 0843-01103, Panama; (C.A.B.P.); (C.R.); (R.M.-F.); (J.C.U.); (V.C.-D.); (M.B.-J.); (L.C.M.)
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Development and Validation of an UHPLC-MS/MS Method for the Simultaneous Determination of 11 EU-Regulated Mycotoxins in Selected Cereals. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8070665. [PMID: 35887422 PMCID: PMC9315952 DOI: 10.3390/jof8070665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The availability of reliable sensitive multi-analyte methods for unambiguous determination of mycotoxins is crucial for ensuring food and feed safety, considering their adverse health effects and (co-)occurrence in various foods. Accordingly, a multi-mycotoxin confirmatory method for simultaneous determination of 11 mycotoxins regulated in cereals within the European Union (EU) using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) was developed and in-house validated to fit the EU legislation requirements for analytical methods. A simple sample preparation was based on a solid−liquid extraction using a solvent mixture acetonitrile/water/formic acid (79/20/1, v/v/v) and a dilution of raw extract using water/acetonitrile/formic acid (79/20/1, v/v/v) before instrumental analysis. Average recoveries in all three validated cereal crop types (maize, wheat, and barley), spiked at multiple levels, were found acceptable for all analytes when matrix-matched calibration was used, ranging from 63.2% to 111.2% and also showing very good repeatability, with relative standard deviations below 20%. Matrix effect (SSE) evaluation revealed maize as the most complex of the three analyzed cereal matrices, with strong SSE (<50% and >150%) recorded for all 11 analyzed mycotoxins. An additional method verification was performed through successful participation in proficiency testing schemes, with the achieved z-scores generally in the acceptable range of −2 ≤ z ≤ 2. The obtained validation results demonstrated the suitability of the developed confirmatory multi-mycotoxin UHPLC-MS/MS method based on a dilute-and-shoot principle for the simultaneous determination of low concentrations of 11 EU-regulated mycotoxins in cereals, including aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2, deoxynivalenol, fumonisins B1 and B2, zearalenone, T-2 and HT-2 toxins, and ochratoxin A.
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Smaoui S, Agriopoulou S, D'Amore T, Tavares L, Mousavi Khaneghah A. The control of Fusarium growth and decontamination of produced mycotoxins by lactic acid bacteria. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:11125-11152. [PMID: 35708071 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2087594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Global crop and food contamination with mycotoxins are one of the primary worldwide concerns, while there are several restrictions regarding approaching conventional physical and chemical mycotoxins decontamination methods due to nutrition loss, sensory attribute reduction in foods, chemical residual, inconvenient operation, high cost of equipment, and high energy consumption of some methods. In this regard, the overarching challenges of mycotoxin contamination in food and food crops require the development of biological decontamination strategies. Using certain lactic acid bacteria (LAB) as generally recognized safe (GRAS) compounds is one of the most effective alternatives due to their potential to release antifungal metabolites against various fungal factors species. This review highlights the potential applications of LAB as biodetoxificant agents and summarizes their decontamination activities against Fusarium growth and Fusarium mycotoxins released into food/feed. Firstly, the occurrence of Fusarium and the instrumental and bioanalytical methods for the analysis of mycotoxins were in-depth discussed. Upgraded knowledge on the biosynthesis pathway of mycotoxins produced by Fusarium offers new insightful ideas clarifying the function of these secondary metabolites. Moreover, the characterization of LAB metabolites and their impact on the decontamination of the mycotoxin from Fusarium, besides the main mechanisms of mycotoxin decontamination, are covered. While the thematic growth inhibition of Fusarium and decontamination of their mycotoxin by LAB is very complex, approaching certain lactic acid bacteria (LAB) is worth deeper investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Slim Smaoui
- Laboratory of Microbial, Enzymatic Biotechnology and Biomolecules (LBMEB), Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax-Tunisia, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Sofia Agriopoulou
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of the Peloponnese, Antikalamos, Kalamata, Greece
| | - Teresa D'Amore
- Chemistry Department, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Puglia e della Basilicata (IZSPB), Foggia, Italy
| | - Loleny Tavares
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, CEP, Brazil
| | - Amin Mousavi Khaneghah
- Department of Fruit and Vegetable Product Technology, Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology - State Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
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Tittlemier S, Cramer B, Dall’Asta C, DeRosa M, Lattanzio V, Malone R, Maragos C, Stranska M, Sumarah M. Developments in mycotoxin analysis: an update for 2020-2021. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2022. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2021.2752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This review summarises developments published in the period from mid-2020 to mid-2021 on the analysis of a number of diverse matrices for mycotoxins. Notable developments in all aspects of mycotoxin analysis, from sampling and quality assurance/quality control of analytical results, to the various detection and quantitation technologies ranging from single mycotoxin biosensors to comprehensive instrumental methods are presented and discussed. The summary and discussion of this past year’s developments in detection and quantitation technology covers chromatography with targeted or non-targeted high resolution mass spectrometry, tandem mass spectrometry, detection other than mass spectrometry, biosensors, as well as assays using alternatives to antibodies. This critical review aims to briefly present the most important recent developments and trends in mycotoxin determination, as well as to address limitations of the presented methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S.A. Tittlemier
- Canadian Grain Commission, Grain Research Laboratory, 1404-303 Main St, Winnipeg, MB, R3C 3G8, Canada
| | - B. Cramer
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Institute of Food Chemistry, Corrensstr. 45, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - C. Dall’Asta
- Università di Parma, Department of Food and Drug, Viale delle Scienze 27/A, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - M.C. DeRosa
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - V.M.T. Lattanzio
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Sciences of Food Production, via Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - R. Malone
- Trilogy Analytical Laboratory, 870 Vossbrink Dr, Washington, MO 63090, USA
| | - C. Maragos
- United States Department of Agriculture, ARS National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Peoria, IL 61604, USA
| | - M. Stranska
- Department of Food Analysis and Nutrition, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 5, Prague, 166 28, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - M.W. Sumarah
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, London Research and Development Centre, 1391 Sandford Street, London, ON, N5V 4T3, Canada
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