Increased eHSP70-to-iHSP70 ratio in prediabetic and diabetic postmenopausal women: a biomarker of cardiometabolic risk

Postmenopausal women treated for breast cancer with insulin resistance: clinical, analytical, cross-sectional

This study aims to investigate the potential association between serum levels of cytokines, HSP60, HSP70 and IR (HOMA-IR) in postmenopausal women. We conducted a cross-sectional study involving 381 postmenopausal women, including 94 with a breast cancer diagnosis and 278 without. We analyzed anthropometric and laboratory measurements. Immunoassays were used to measure cytokines (TNF-α, IL-10, and IL-6) as well as heat shock proteins (HSP) 60 and 70 in the serum using the ELISA technique. Women diagnosed with breast cancer showed higher levels of HOMA-IR, IL-6, TNF, and HSP60, and lower levels of IL-10 and HSP70 compared to women without cancer. An association was found between HSP70 and HOMA-IR only in women with breast cancer (β = 0.22, p = .030; without cancer: β = 0.04, p = .404), regardless of age, waist circumference, smoking, and physical activity. No associations were observed between cytokines, HSP60, and HOMA-IR in both groups of women. HSP70 is positively associated with IR in women diagnosed with breast cancer.

The Protective Role of Heat Shock Proteins against Stresses in Animal Breeding

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) play an important role in all living organisms under stress conditions by acting as molecular chaperones. The expression of different HSPs during stress varies depending on their protective functions and anti-apoptotic activities. The application of HSPs improves the efficiency and decreases the economic cost of animal breeding. By upregulating the expression of HSPs, feed supplements can improve stress tolerance in farm animals. In addition, high expression of HSPs is often a feature of tumor cells, and inhibiting the expression of HSPs is a promising novel method for killing these cells and treating cancers. In the present review, the findings of previous research on the application of HSPs in animal breeding and veterinary medicine are summarized, and the knowledge of the actions of HSPs in animals is briefly discussed.

Resolution of inflammation in chronic disease via restoration of the heat shock response (HSR)

Effective resolution of inflammation via the heat shock response (HSR) is pivotal in averting the transition to chronic inflammatory states. This transition characterizes a spectrum of debilitating conditions, including insulin resistance, obesity, type 2 diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and cardiovascular ailments. This manuscript explores a range of physiological, pharmacological, and nutraceutical interventions aimed at reinstating the HSR in the context of chronic low-grade inflammation, as well as protocols to assess the HSR. Monitoring the progression or suppression of the HSR in patients and laboratory animals offers predictive insights into the organism's capacity to combat chronic inflammation, as well as the impact of exercise and hyperthermic treatments (e.g., sauna or hot tub baths) on the HSR. Interestingly, a reciprocal correlation exists between the expression of HSR components in peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) and the extent of local tissue proinflammatory activity in individuals afflicted by chronic inflammatory disorders. Therefore, the Heck index, contrasting extracellular 70 kDa family of heat shock proteins (HSP70) (proinflammatory) and intracellular HSP70 (anti-inflammatory) in PBL, serves as a valuable metric for HSR assessment. Our laboratory has also developed straightforward protocols for evaluating HSR by subjecting whole blood samples from both rodents and human volunteers to ex vivo heat challenges. Collectively, this discussion underscores the critical role of HSR disruption in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory states and emphasizes the significance of simple, cost-effective tools for clinical HSR assessment. This understanding is instrumental in the development of innovative strategies for preventing and managing chronic inflammatory diseases, which continue to exert a substantial global burden on morbidity and mortality.

The role of heat shock proteins (HSPs) in type 2 diabetes mellitus pathophysiology

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by sustained hyperglycemia caused by impaired insulin signaling and secretion. Metabolic stress, caused by an inappropriate diet, is one of the major hallmarks provoking inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are a group of highly conserved proteins that have a crucial role in chaperoning damaged and misfolded proteins to avoid disruption of cellular homeostasis under stress conditions. To do this, HSPs interact with diverse intra-and extracellular pathways among which are the insulin signaling, insulin secretion, and apoptosis pathways. Therefore, HSP dysfunction, e.g. HSP70, may lead to disruption of the pathways responsible for insulin secretion and uptake. Consistently, the altered expression of other HSPs and genetic polymorphisms in HSP-producing genes in diabetic subjects has made HSPs hot research in T2DM. This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the role of different HSPs in T2DM pathogenesis, affected cellular pathways, and the potential therapeutic strategies targeting HSPs in T2DM.

Thermal Effect on Heat Shock Protein 70 Family to Prevent Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease

Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) is a chaperone protein induced by various stresses on cells and is involved in various disease mechanisms. In recent years, the expression of HSP70 in skeletal muscle has attracted attention for its use as a prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and as a disease marker. We have previously reported the effect of thermal stimulation targeted to skeletal muscles and skeletal muscle-derived cells. In this article, we reported review articles including our research results. HSP70 contributes to the improvement of insulin resistance as well as chronic inflammation which are underlying pathologies of type 2 diabetes, obesity, and atherosclerosis. Thus, induction of HSP70 expression by external stimulation such as heat and exercise may be useful for ASCVD prevention. It may be possible to induce HSP70 by thermal stimulus in those who have difficulty in exercise because of obesity or locomotive syndrome. It requires further investigation to determine whether monitoring serum HSP70 concentration is useful for ASCVD prevention.