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Isbell C, Tobin D, Jones K, Reynolds TW. Enhancing resilience through seed system plurality and diversity: challenges and barriers to seed sourcing during (and in spite of) a global pandemic. AGRICULTURE AND HUMAN VALUES 2023:1-20. [PMID: 37359838 PMCID: PMC10150673 DOI: 10.1007/s10460-023-10456-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic have rippled across the United States' (US) agri-food system, illuminating considerable issues. US seed systems, which form the foundation of food production, were particularly marked by panic-buying and heightened safety precautions in seed fulfillment facilities which precipitated a commercial seed sector overwhelmed and unprepared to meet consumer demand for seed, especially for non-commercial growers. In response, prominent scholars have emphasized the need to support both formal (commercial) and informal (farmer- and gardener-managed) seed systems to holistically aid growers across various contexts. However, limited attention to non-commercial seed systems in the US, coupled with a lack of consensus surrounding what exactly a resilient seed system looks like, first warrants an exploration into the strengths and vulnerabilities of existing seed systems. This paper seeks to examine how growers navigated challenges in seed sourcing and how this may reflect the resilience of the seed systems to which they belong. Using a mixed-methods approach which includes data from online surveys (n = 158) and semi-structured interviews (n = 31) with farmers and gardeners in Vermont, findings suggest that growers were able to adapt - albeit through different mechanisms depending on their positionality (commercial or non-commercial) within the agri-food system. However, systemic challenges emerged including a lack of access to diverse, locally adapted, and organic seeds. Insights from this study illuminate the importance of creating linkages between formal and informal seed systems in the US to help growers respond to manifold challenges, as well as promote a robust and sustainable stock of planting material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Isbell
- Department of Community Development and Applied Economics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT USA
| | - Daniel Tobin
- Department of Community Development and Applied Economics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT USA
| | | | - Travis W. Reynolds
- Department of Community Development and Applied Economics, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT USA
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Richter MF, Bennedetti LV, Teixeira BRR, Klein MI, Santos AGFD. Hortas urbanas – História, Classificação, Benefícios e Perspectivas. CONFINS 2022. [DOI: 10.4000/confins.46324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Rimlinger A, Avana ML, Awono A, Chakocha A, Gakwavu A, Lemoine T, Marie L, Mboujda F, Vigouroux Y, Johnson V, Vinceti B, Carrière SM, Duminil J. Trees and their seed networks: The social dynamics of urban fruit trees and implications for genetic diversity. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0243017. [PMID: 33724989 PMCID: PMC7963046 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Trees are a traditional component of urban spaces where they provide ecosystem services critical to urban wellbeing. In the Tropics, urban trees’ seed origins have rarely been characterized. Yet, understanding the social dynamics linked to tree planting is critical given their influence on the distribution of associated genetic diversity. This study examines elements of these dynamics (seed exchange networks) in an emblematic indigenous fruit tree species from Central Africa, the African plum tree (Dacryodes edulis, Burseraceae), within the urban context of Yaoundé. We further evaluate the consequences of these social dynamics on the distribution of the genetic diversity of the species in the city. Urban trees were planted predominantly using seeds sourced from outside the city, resulting in a level of genetic diversity as high in Yaoundé as in a whole region of production of the species. Debating the different drivers that foster the genetic diversity in planted urban trees, the study argues that cities and urban dwellers can unconsciously act as effective guardians of indigenous tree genetic diversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurore Rimlinger
- SENS, IRD, CIRAD, Univ. Paul Valery Montpellier 3, Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- DIADE, Univ. Montpellier, IRD, Montpellier, France
- * E-mail: (AR); (SMC); (JD)
| | - Marie-Louise Avana
- Forestry Department, Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Abdon Awono
- CIFOR, C/o IITA Humid Forest Ecoregional Center, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Armel Chakocha
- Forestry Department, Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Alexis Gakwavu
- Forestry Department, Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | | | - Lison Marie
- DIADE, Univ. Montpellier, IRD, Montpellier, France
| | - Franca Mboujda
- DIADE, Univ. Montpellier, IRD, Montpellier, France
- Forestry Department, Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural Sciences, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon
| | | | - Vincent Johnson
- The Alliance of Bioversity International and CIAT, Fiumicino Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Vinceti
- The Alliance of Bioversity International and CIAT, Fiumicino Rome, Italy
| | - Stéphanie M. Carrière
- SENS, IRD, CIRAD, Univ. Paul Valery Montpellier 3, Univ. Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- * E-mail: (AR); (SMC); (JD)
| | - Jérôme Duminil
- DIADE, Univ. Montpellier, IRD, Montpellier, France
- The Alliance of Bioversity International and CIAT, Fiumicino Rome, Italy
- * E-mail: (AR); (SMC); (JD)
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Ocampo-Giraldo V, Camacho-Villa C, Costich DE, Vidal Martínez VA, Smale M, Jamora N. Dynamic conservation of genetic resources: Rematriation of the maize landrace Jala. Food Secur 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12571-020-01054-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Hernández-Andrade A, Parra-Gómez L, Ferrer MM, Montañez-Escalante PI, Jiménez-Osornio J. Agrodiversity of Hylocereus undatus in Maya Homegardens: Management and Genetic Variability. J ETHNOBIOL 2019. [DOI: 10.2993/0278-0771-39.4.530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anette Hernández-Andrade
- Departamento de Manejo y Conservación de Recursos Naturales Tropicales, Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Carretera Mérida-Xmatkuil Km. 15.5, 97315 Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Lea Parra-Gómez
- Departamento de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico, Universidad Politécnica Mesoamericana, Tabasco, México
| | - Miriam M. Ferrer
- Departamento de Manejo y Conservación de Recursos Naturales Tropicales, Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Carretera Mérida-Xmatkuil Km. 15.5, 97315 Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Patricia I. Montañez-Escalante
- Departamento de Manejo y Conservación de Recursos Naturales Tropicales, Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Carretera Mérida-Xmatkuil Km. 15.5, 97315 Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Juan Jiménez-Osornio
- Departamento de Manejo y Conservación de Recursos Naturales Tropicales, Campus de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Carretera Mérida-Xmatkuil Km. 15.5, 97315 Mérida, Yucatán, México
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Nogeire-McRae T, Ryan EP, Jablonski BBR, Carolan M, Arathi HS, Brown CS, Saki HH, McKeen S, Lapansky E, Schipanski ME. The Role of Urban Agriculture in a Secure, Healthy, and Sustainable Food System. Bioscience 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/biosci/biy071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Elizabeth P Ryan
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University
| | | | | | - H S Arathi
- Department of Soil and Crop Sciences, Colorado State University
| | - Cynthia S Brown
- Department of Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University
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The Role of Urban Agriculture as a Nature-Based Solution: A Review for Developing a Systemic Assessment Framework. SUSTAINABILITY 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/su10061937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Clucas B, Parker ID, Feldpausch-Parker AM. A systematic review of the relationship between urban agriculture and biodiversity. Urban Ecosyst 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11252-018-0748-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Kujawska M, Zamudio F, Montti L, Piriz Carrillo V. Effects of Landscape Structure on Medicinal Plant Richness in Home Gardens: Evidence for the Environmental Scarcity Compensation Hypothesis. ECONOMIC BOTANY 2018; 72:150-165. [PMID: 30369624 PMCID: PMC6182649 DOI: 10.1007/s12231-018-9417-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Our research involves of how Paraguayan migrants who are living in Misiones, Argentina, manage medicinal plants in home gardens, and how this practice can be related to the landscape. We examine the relationship between the richness of home garden medicinal plants and landscape variables (e.g., distance to the forest) by applying PLS analysis, which combines principal component analysis with linear regression. We surveyed 60 home gardens localized in a rural area, and we characterized the surrounding landscape with geospatial tools. Paraguayans' home gardens are extremely diverse sites (total of 136 medicinal species), where both native (82) and introduced species (50) are managed. People who live close to the native forest or mixed use areas (e.g., farms, secondary vegetation) tend to possess less native plants in their gardens because they are available nearby. While gardeners, who live in proximity to tree crops (e.g., pine plantations), have reduced access to wild medicinal resources; therefore, their effort is concentrated on maintaining native plants. These results reflect a relationship between accessibility to medicinal plants in the landscape and the management practices in the home gardens, a neglected driver in explaining the richness and composition of the medicinal plants in home gardens so far. Thus, we contributed evidence in support of the environmental scarcity compensation hypothesis. Finally, our study supports the idea that home gardens appear to function as a springboard for plant domestication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Kujawska
- Institute of Ethnology and Cultural Anthropology, University of Lodz, ul. Lindleya 3/5, 90-131 Lodz, Poland
| | - Fernando Zamudio
- Interacciones ecológicas y conservación, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (CONICET-UNC), Av. Vélez Sarsfield 299, 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Lía Montti
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras, UNMdP-CONICET & Instituto de Geología de Costas y del Cuaternario, UNMdP-CIC, Deán Funes 3350-CP 722, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Biología Subtropical, UNaM-CONICET, Bertoni 85, CP 3370, Puerto Iguazú, Misiones Argentina
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Gbedomon RC, Salako VK, Fandohan AB, Idohou AFR, Glèlè Kakaї R, Assogbadjo AE. Functional diversity of home gardens and their agrobiodiversity conservation benefits in Benin, West Africa. JOURNAL OF ETHNOBIOLOGY AND ETHNOMEDICINE 2017; 13:66. [PMID: 29178909 PMCID: PMC5702203 DOI: 10.1186/s13002-017-0192-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the functional diversity of home gardens and their socio-ecological determinants is essential for mainstreaming these agroforestry practices into agrobiodiversity conservation strategies. This paper analyzed functional diversity of home gardens, identified the socio-ecological drivers of functions assigned to them, and assessed the agrobiodiversity benefits of home gardens functions. METHODS Using data on occurring species in home garden (HG) and functions assigned to each species by the gardeners, the study combined clustering and discriminant canonical analyses to explore the functional diversity of 360 home gardens in Benin, West Africa. Next, multinomial logistic models and chi-square tests were used to analyze the effect of socio-demographic characteristics of gardeners (age, gender, and education level), agro-ecological zones (humid, sub-humid, and semi-arid), and management regime (single and multiple managers) on the possession of a functional type of home gardens. Generalized linear models were used to assess the effect of the functions of home gardens and the determinant factor on their potential in conserving agrobiodiversity. RESULTS Seven functional groups of home gardens, four with specific functions (food, medicinal, or both food and medicinal) and three with multiple functions (more than two main functions), were found. Women owned most of home gardens with primarily food plant production purpose while men owned most of home gardens with primarily medicinal plant production purposes. Finding also showed that multifunctional home gardens had higher plant species diversity. Specifically, crops and crop wild relatives occurred mainly in home gardens with food function while wild plant species were mostly found in home gardens with mainly medicinal function. CONCLUSIONS Home gardening is driven by functions beyond food production. These functions are mostly related to direct and extractive values of home gardens. Functions of home gardens were gendered, with women mostly involved in home food gardens, and contribute to maintenance of crops and crop wild relatives while men were mostly home medicinal gardeners and contribute to the maintenance of wild plant species in home gardens. Although multiple functional home gardens were related to higher plant diversity, there was no guarantee for long-term maintenance of plant species in home gardens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigue Castro Gbedomon
- Laboratoire de Biomathématiques et d’Estimations Forestières, Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques, Université d’Abomey-Calavi, 04 BP 1525, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Valère Kolawolé Salako
- Laboratoire de Biomathématiques et d’Estimations Forestières, Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques, Université d’Abomey-Calavi, 04 BP 1525, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Adandé Belarmain Fandohan
- Laboratoire de Biomathématiques et d’Estimations Forestières, Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques, Université d’Abomey-Calavi, 04 BP 1525, Cotonou, Benin
- Laboratoire d’Ecologie Appliquée, Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques, Université d’Abomey-Calavi, 01 BP 526, Cotonou, Benin
- Ecole de Foresterie et d’Ingénierie du Bois, Université Nationale d’Agriculture, Porto Novo 01 BP 5996, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Alix Frank Rodrigue Idohou
- Laboratoire de Biomathématiques et d’Estimations Forestières, Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques, Université d’Abomey-Calavi, 04 BP 1525, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Romain Glèlè Kakaї
- Laboratoire de Biomathématiques et d’Estimations Forestières, Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques, Université d’Abomey-Calavi, 04 BP 1525, Cotonou, Benin
| | - Achille Ephrem Assogbadjo
- Laboratoire de Biomathématiques et d’Estimations Forestières, Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques, Université d’Abomey-Calavi, 04 BP 1525, Cotonou, Benin
- Laboratoire d’Ecologie Appliquée, Faculté des Sciences Agronomiques, Université d’Abomey-Calavi, 01 BP 526, Cotonou, Benin
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