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Machado VG, Brun ABS, Manffra EF. Effects of the radio electric asymmetric conveyer (REAC) on motor disorders: An integrative review. FRONTIERS IN MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY 2023; 5:1122245. [PMID: 36923595 PMCID: PMC10009233 DOI: 10.3389/fmedt.2023.1122245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The radio electric asymmetric conveyer (REAC) is a technology that has the purpose of restoring the cellular polarity triggering the rebalancing of the endogenous bioelectric field, which considering the neurological dysfunctions, affects the neural communication mechanisms. The studies published so far show that the REAC neuromodulation technology has positive effects in treating these dysfunctions, with the principles of endogenous bioelectricity as a basis to achieve these effects. Objectives This study aims to review the literature that explored the effects of REAC protocols on motor control and to identify which mechanisms would be involved. Materials and methods This integrative review considered studies that used REAC as a therapeutic intervention directed at human motor control and experimental research with animals that applied REAC to obtain effects related to motor behavior. Results Ten articles were included, eight clinical and two experimental studies. The clinical studies used the neuro postural optimization (NPO) protocol in 473 patients, of which 53 were healthy subjects, 91 were Alzheimer's disease patients, 128 were patients with atypical swallowing, 12 subjects with neurological diseases, and 189 were without the specification of disease. The experimental studies used the antalgic neuromodulation and neurodegeneration protocols in animal models. Conclusion The information integrated in this review made it possible to consider REAC technology a promising resource for treating motor control dysfunctions. It is possible to infer that the technology promotes functional optimization of neuronal circuits that may be related to more efficient strategies to perform motor tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinícius Gomes Machado
- Health Technology Graduate Program, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
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Maioli M, Rinaldi S, Cruciani S, Necas A, Fontani V, Corda G, Santaniello S, Rinaldi A, Pinheiro Barcessat AR, Necasova A, Castagna A, Filipejova Z, Ventura C, Fozza C. Antisenescence Effect of REAC Biomodulation to Counteract the Evolution of Myelodysplastic Syndrome. Physiol Res 2022. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
About 30 percent of patients diagnosed with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) progress to acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The senescence of bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) seems to be one of the determining factors in inducing this drift. Research is continuously looking for new methodologies and technologies that can use bioelectric signals to act on senescence and cell differentiation towards the phenotype of interest. The Radio Electric Asymmetric Conveyer (REAC) technology, aimed at reorganizing the endogenous bioelectric activity, has already shown to be able to determine direct cell reprogramming effects and counteract the senescence mechanisms in stem cells. Aim of the present study was to prove if the anti-senescence results previously obtained in different kind of stem cells with the REAC Tissue optimization – regenerative (TO-RGN) treatment, could also be observed in BMSCs, evaluating cell viability, telomerase activity, p19ARF, P21, P53, and hTERT gene expression. The results show that the REAC TO-RGN treatment may be a useful tool to counteract the BMSCs senescence which can be the basis of AML drift. Nevertheless, further clinical studies on humans are needed to confirm this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Maioli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43/B, 07100 Sassari (SS) Italy. E-mail:
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Rinaldi S, Rinaldi C, Fontani V. Regenerative Radio Electric Asymmetric Conveyer Treatment in Generalized Cerebral and Cerebellar Atrophy to Improve Motor Control: A Case Report. Cureus 2022; 14:e28245. [PMID: 36039125 PMCID: PMC9396963 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.28245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This report presents a case with a diagnosis rarely described in the literature, that is generalized cerebral-cerebellar atrophy. The patient showed a rapid decline with general cognitive deterioration, memory loss, temporal and spatial disorientation, and ataxic manifestations in voluntary movements. The loss of neurons and synaptic connections can be explained by an alteration of the correct endogenous bioelectrical activity (EBA), the phenomenon which allows all the processes of cellular life, such as differentiation, proliferation, migration, morphogenesis, apoptosis, and neurotransmission. The patient was treated with a specific regenerative neurobiological stimulation treatment applied with the radio electric asymmetric conveyer (REAC) technology, which was designed to recover the correct EBA. The tissue optimization regenerative (TO RGN) treatments used in this case report have already demonstrated the ability to induce neuroregenerative processes. At the follow-up, the patient showed a reduction in ataxia both in walking and running. This case report allows us to learn that the manipulation of the EBA can induce improvements even in clinical cases in which the scientific literature leaves no room for improvement.
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De Nuccio F, Cianciulli A, Porro C, Kashyrina M, Ruggiero M, Calvello R, Miraglia A, Nicolardi G, Lofrumento DD, Panaro MA. Inflammatory Response Modulation by Vitamin C in an MPTP Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10111155. [PMID: 34827148 PMCID: PMC8614932 DOI: 10.3390/biology10111155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Vitamin C (Vit C), also called ascorbic acid, is a nutrient present in many foods, particularly citrus fruits and green vegetables. Inadequate dietary Vit C intake causes hypovitaminosis resulting in the risk of developing clinical scurvy, potentially fatal if untreated. Vit C represents one of the safest and most essential nutrients, with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that protect living organisms against oxidative stress; due to this propriety, it is studied for applications in the prevention and management of different pathologies, including neurodegenerative disease. Persistent neuroinflammation is detrimental for the brain and may lead to pathogenesis and progression of neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Alzheimer’s disease. The role of Vit C in the central nervous system is still debated.This study, utilizing a PD mouse model, has demonstrated that Vit C reduces neuroinflammation by the modulation of microglial responses and astrocyte activation, reducing dopaminergic neuronal cell loss involved in PD insurgence.Furthermore, mouse gait and spontaneous locomotor activity were partially ameliorated. In summary, we have demonstrated that the use of Vit C has neuroprotective effects in the brain, alleviating the inflammatory cascade and reducing the progression of PD. Abstract Vitamin C (Vit C) is anutrient present in many foods, particularly citrus fruits, green vegetables, tomatoes, and potatoes. Vit C is studied for its applications in the prevention and management of different pathologies, including neurodegenerative diseases. Neuroinflammation is a defense mechanism activated by a stimulus or an insult that is aimed at the preservation of the brain by promoting tissue repair and removing cellular debris; however, persistent inflammatory responses are detrimental and may lead to the pathogenesis and progression of neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Alzheimer’s disease. PD is one of the most common chronic progressive neurodegenerative disorders, and oxidative stress is one of the most important factors involved in its pathogenesis and progression.Due to this, research on antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compounds is an important target for counteracting neurodegenerative diseases, including PD. In the central nervous system, the presence of Vit C in the brain is higher than in other body districts, but why and how this occurs is still unknown. In this research, Vit C, with its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties, is studied to better understand its contribution to brain protection; in particular, we have investigated the neuroprotective effects of Vit C in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced animal model of PD and its role in the modulation of neuroinflammation. First, we observed that Vit C significantly decreased the MPTP-induced loss of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive dopaminergic neuronal cells in the substantia nigra, as well as microglial cell activation and astrogliosis. Furthermore, gait and spontaneous locomotor activity, evaluated by an automated treadmill and the Open Field test, respectively, were partially ameliorated by Vit C treatment in MPTP-intoxicated animals. In relation to neuroinflammation, results show that Vit C reduced the protein and mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, TLR4, TNF-α, iNOS, and CD40, while anti-inflammatory proteins such as IL-10, CD163, TGF-β, and IL-4 increased. Interestingly, we show for the first time that Vit C reduces neuroinflammation by modulating microglial polarization and astrocyte activation. Moreover, Vit C was able to reduce NLRP3 activation, which is linked to the pathogenesis of many inflammatory diseases, including neuroinflammatory disorders. In conclusion, our study provides evidence that Vit C may represent a new promising dietary supplement for the prevention and alleviation of the inflammatory cascade of PD, thus contributing to neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco De Nuccio
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Salento, I-73100 Lecce, Italy; (F.D.N.); (M.K.); (A.M.); (G.N.)
| | - Antonia Cianciulli
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, I-70125 Bari, Italy; (A.C.); (M.R.); (R.C.); (M.A.P.)
| | - Chiara Porro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, I-71100 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Marianna Kashyrina
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Salento, I-73100 Lecce, Italy; (F.D.N.); (M.K.); (A.M.); (G.N.)
| | - Melania Ruggiero
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, I-70125 Bari, Italy; (A.C.); (M.R.); (R.C.); (M.A.P.)
| | - Rosa Calvello
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, I-70125 Bari, Italy; (A.C.); (M.R.); (R.C.); (M.A.P.)
| | - Alessandro Miraglia
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Salento, I-73100 Lecce, Italy; (F.D.N.); (M.K.); (A.M.); (G.N.)
| | - Giuseppe Nicolardi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Salento, I-73100 Lecce, Italy; (F.D.N.); (M.K.); (A.M.); (G.N.)
| | - Dario Domenico Lofrumento
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Salento, I-73100 Lecce, Italy; (F.D.N.); (M.K.); (A.M.); (G.N.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Maria Antonietta Panaro
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, I-70125 Bari, Italy; (A.C.); (M.R.); (R.C.); (M.A.P.)
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Calvello R, Cianciulli A, Porro C, Moda P, De Nuccio F, Nicolardi G, Giannotti L, Panaro MA, Lofrumento DD. Formyl Peptide Receptor (FPR)1 Modulation by Resveratrol in an LPS-Induced Neuroinflammatory Animal Model. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051418. [PMID: 33922475 PMCID: PMC8147048 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Among therapeutic approaches that have been investigated, targeting of receptors implicated in managing neuroinflammation has been described. One such family of receptors comprises the formyl peptide receptors (FPRs) whose ligands could play a role in host defense. The murine FPR gene family includes at least six members while in humans there are only three. The two most important members are the Fpr1 and Fpr2. Fpr1encodes murine FPR1, which is considered the murine orthologue of human FPR. Resveratrol, a non-flavonoid polyphenol rich in red wine and grapes, apart from its beneficial health effects and anti-inflammatory properties, has been reported to reduce neuroinflammation in different neurodegenerative disease models. Resveratrol anti-inflammatory responses involve the activation of the protein deacetylase sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) gene. In this work we have investigated in an LPS-based murine model of neuroinflammation the role of FPR1, examining not only if this receptor undergoes a reduction of its expression during neuroinflammation, but also whether treatment with resveratrol was able to modulate its expression leading to an amelioration of neuroinflammatory picture in a murine model of neuroinflammation. Results of this work showed that FPR1 together with SIRT1 resulted upregulated by resveratrol treatment and that this increase is associated with an amelioration of the neuroinflammatory picture, as demonstrated by the induction of IL-10 and IL1-RA expression and the downregulation of proinflammatory mediators, such as TNF-α and IL-1β. The expression and the modulation of FPR1 by resveratrol may be evaluated in order to propose a novel anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving therapeutic approach for the reduction of the detrimental effects associated with neuro-inflammation based neurodegenerative diseases and also as a promising strategy to promote human health by a diet rich in antioxidative bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Calvello
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, I-70125 Bari, Italy; (R.C.); (A.C.)
| | - Antonia Cianciulli
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, I-70125 Bari, Italy; (R.C.); (A.C.)
| | - Chiara Porro
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, I-71100 Foggia, Italy;
| | - Piergianni Moda
- Nuclear Medicine Department, SS. Annunziata Hospital, I-74100 Taranto, Italy;
| | - Francesco De Nuccio
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Salento, I-73100 Lecce, Italy; (F.D.N.); (G.N.); (L.G.); (D.D.L.)
| | - Giuseppe Nicolardi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Salento, I-73100 Lecce, Italy; (F.D.N.); (G.N.); (L.G.); (D.D.L.)
| | - Laura Giannotti
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Salento, I-73100 Lecce, Italy; (F.D.N.); (G.N.); (L.G.); (D.D.L.)
| | - Maria Antonietta Panaro
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, I-70125 Bari, Italy; (R.C.); (A.C.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Dario Domenico Lofrumento
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, Section of Human Anatomy, University of Salento, I-73100 Lecce, Italy; (F.D.N.); (G.N.); (L.G.); (D.D.L.)
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Cao Y, Li Y, He C, Yan F, Li JR, Xu HZ, Zhuang JF, Zhou H, Peng YC, Fu XJ, Lu XY, Yao Y, Wei YY, Tong Y, Zhou YF, Wang L. Selective Ferroptosis Inhibitor Liproxstatin-1 Attenuates Neurological Deficits and Neuroinflammation After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage. Neurosci Bull 2021; 37:535-549. [PMID: 33421025 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-020-00620-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a form of iron-dependent regulated cell death. Evidence of its existence and the effects of its inhibitors on subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is still lacking. In the present study, we found that liproxstatin-1 protected HT22 cells against hemin-induced injury by protecting mitochondrial functions and ameliorating lipid peroxidation. In in vivo experiments, we demonstrated the presence of characteristic shrunken mitochondria in ipsilateral cortical neurons after SAH. Moreover, liproxstatin-1 attenuated the neurological deficits and brain edema, reduced neuronal cell death, and restored the redox equilibrium after SAH. The inhibition of ferroptosis by liproxstatin-1 was associated with the preservation of glutathione peroxidase 4 and the downregulation of acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4 as well as cyclooxygenase 2. In addition, liproxstatin-1 decreased the activation of microglia and the release of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α. These data enhance our understanding of cell death after SAH and shed light on future preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Yin Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Chao He
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Feng Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Jian-Ru Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Hang-Zhe Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Jian-Feng Zhuang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Hang Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Yu-Cong Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Xiong-Jie Fu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Xiao-Yang Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Yuan Yao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Yu-Yu Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Yun Tong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Yi-Fu Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310009, China.
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Pellegata G, Caracci S, Medaglini S. <p>Radio Electric Asymmetric Conveyer Neurobiological Treatments in Non-Specific Neck Pain: A Retrospective Study</p>. J Pain Res 2020; 13:2451-2459. [PMID: 33116787 PMCID: PMC7547290 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s271537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Non-specific neck pain (NSNP) is a rather common symptomatology, and various therapeutic approaches are aimed to treat it, in the field of manual therapy, physiotherapy and pharmacology. Methods This retrospective study analyzes 65 subjects treated for NSNP with a neurobiological stimulation administered by medical devices based on radio electric asymmetric conveyer (REAC) technology. Initially, a neuro stimulation treatment called neuro postural optimization (NPO) was administered to improve the coordination of muscle activity and reduce adaptive decompensations. Subsequently, the bio stimulation treatment called tissue optimization (TO) was administered to reduce the algodystrophic and muscle contracture component. The evaluation of the efficacy of these treatments was made through the subjective evaluation of pain by the patients. Data were collected by the use of the numeric pain rating scale (NPRS) and neck pain questionnaire (NPQ), administered before the treatments and at the end of the cycle of therapy. Results The analysis of the results shows that this type of approach and treatment scheme is effective in reducing the symptoms of NSNP in both male and female subjects, regardless of their age. Other subjective data not quantified in this study but reported by all subjects, during and after the treatment cycle, were a feeling of lower stiffness of neck and shoulder, a reduction in the thickening of the cervicobrachial tissues, and a clear and progressive reduction of pain perception during the skin rolling (SR) maneuver. Conclusion The combination of REAC-NPO neuromodulation and REAC-TO biomodulation treatments used in this study was shown to be effective in NPRS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Pellegata
- EvoMed Medical Clinic, Milan, Italy
- Correspondence: Giulio Pellegata Email
| | | | - Stefania Medaglini
- Neurology Department, IRCCS, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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Elio C, Fontani V, Rinaldi S, Gasbarro V. REAC-induced endogenous bioelectric currents in the treatment of venous ulcers: a three-arm randomized controlled prospective study. ACTA DERMATOVENEROLOGICA ALPINA PANNONICA ET ADRIATICA 2020. [DOI: 10.15570/actaapa.2020.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Barcessat ARP, Bittencourt MN, Pereira JAC, Castagna A, Fontani V, Rinaldi S. REAC neurobiological treatments in acute post-traumatic knee medial collateral ligament lesion. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04539. [PMID: 32743108 PMCID: PMC7385461 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Physical traumas can lead to unconscious neuropsychical alterations, which can compromise rehabilitation result and functional recovery. Aim of this interventional study is to verify if neurobiological Radio Electric Asymmetric Conveyer (REAC) treatments Neuro Postural Optimization (NPO) and Tissue Optimization (TO) are able respectively to improve neuro psychomotor strategies and facilitate recovery process in medial collateral ligaments (MCL) lesions of the knee. Patients and methods 45 healthy subjects, 32 males and 13 females, with knee MCL lesion, diagnosed with MRI or ultrasound. Within 4 days after the trauma, subjects were clinically evaluated (T0), both through medical and subjective assessments. Clinical evaluation was repeated after the REAC NPO treatment (T1) and at the end of 18 REAC TO treatments (T2) and at the 30 days follow-up (T3). Results In comparison with the results commonly found in clinical practice, all REAC treated patients recovered much faster. They reported functional recovery, pain relief and joint stability, regardless of the severity of the lesion. Conclusion The combined use of REAC NPO and TO can envisage a new rehabilitative approach, which aims not only at recovering the outcomes of the physical trauma, but also at improving the neuropsychical state that can condition the rehabilitation result.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Alessandro Castagna
- Department of Neuro Psycho Physio Pathology and Neuro Psycho Physical Optimization, Rinaldi Fontani Institute, Florence, Italy.,Department of Regenerative Medicine, Rinaldi Fontani Institute, Florence, Italy
| | - Vania Fontani
- Research Department, Rinaldi Fontani Foundation, Florence, Italy.,Department of Neuro Psycho Physio Pathology and Neuro Psycho Physical Optimization, Rinaldi Fontani Institute, Florence, Italy.,Department of Regenerative Medicine, Rinaldi Fontani Institute, Florence, Italy
| | - Salvatore Rinaldi
- Research Department, Rinaldi Fontani Foundation, Florence, Italy.,Department of Neuro Psycho Physio Pathology and Neuro Psycho Physical Optimization, Rinaldi Fontani Institute, Florence, Italy.,Department of Regenerative Medicine, Rinaldi Fontani Institute, Florence, Italy
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Wang R, Sun H, Ren H, Wang G. α-Synuclein aggregation and transmission in Parkinson's disease: a link to mitochondria and lysosome. SCIENCE CHINA-LIFE SCIENCES 2020; 63:1850-1859. [PMID: 32681494 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-020-1756-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The presence of intraneuronal Lewy bodies (LBs) and Lewy neurites (LNs) in the substantia nigra (SN) composed of aggregated α-synuclein (α-syn) has been recognized as a hallmark of pathological changes in Parkinson's disease (PD). Numerous studies have shown that aggregated α-syn is necessary for neurotoxicity. Meanwhile, the mitochondrial and lysosomal dysfunctions are associated with α-syn pathogenicity The hypothesis that α-syn transmission in the human brain contributes to the instigation and progression of PD has provided insights into PD pathology. This review will provide a brief overview of increasing researches that shed light on the relationship of α-syn aggregation with mitochondrial and lysosomal dysfunctions, and highlight recent understanding of α-syn transmission in PD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases & Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Hongyang Sun
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases & Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Haigang Ren
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases & Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Guanghui Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Neuropathology, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases & Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
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The Relationship Between Neuroimmunity and Bipolar Disorder: Mechanism and Translational Application. Neurosci Bull 2019; 35:595-607. [PMID: 31214924 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-019-00403-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroimmune system may be involved in the pathological process of bipolar disorder (BD), but the essential association is not fully understood. Accumulating evidence has shown that BD involves the activation of immune cells and the release of inflammatory substances in the central nerve system (CNS). Meanwhile, neuroimmune responses also interact with other hypothesis of the etiology of BD that are widely recognized, such as neurotransmitter systems, neuroendocrine systems, neurotrophic factors, and oxidative stress. Simultaneously, related genes and immune changes in peripheral blood vary with it. Overall, neuroimmunity may play an important role in the pathogenesis of BD, and the inflammatory cytokines, especially interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, have potential value for the clinical diagnosis and prognosis of BD, as well as predicting the therapeutic effects of drugs. Large-scale studies are needed to extend the evidence on neuroimmunity in BD, and to examine its clinical value for applications such as early prediction and treatment.
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Basoli V, Santaniello S, Rinaldi S, Fontani V, Pigliaru G, Wieser M, Strajeriu A, Castagna A, Redl H, Ventura C, Grillari R, Maioli M. Physical stimulation by REAC and BMP4/WNT-1 inhibitor synergistically enhance cardiogenic commitment in iPSCs. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211188. [PMID: 30673752 PMCID: PMC6343882 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
It is currently known that pluripotent stem cells can be committed in vitro to the cardiac lineage by the modulation of specific signaling pathways, but it is also well known that, despite the significant increase in cardiomyocyte yield provided by the currently available conditioned media, the resulting cardiogenic commitment remains a highly variable process. Previous studies provided evidence that radio electric fields asymmetrically conveyed through the Radio Electric Asymmetric Conveyer (REAC) technology are able to commit R1 embryonic stem cells and human adipose derived stem cells toward a cardiac phenotype. The present study aimed at investigating whether the effect of physical stimulation by REAC in combination with specific chemical inductors enhance the cardiogenic potential in human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). The appearance of a cardiac-like phenotype in iPSCs cultured in the presence of a cardiogenic medium, based upon BMP4 and a WNT-inhibitor, was consistently increased by REAC treatment used only during the early fate differentiation for the first 72 hours. REAC-exposed iPSCs exhibited an upregulation in the expression of specific cardiogenic transcripts and morphologically in the number of beating clusters, as compared to cells cultured in the cardiogenic medium alone. Our results indicate that physical modulation of cellular dynamics provided by the REAC offers an affordable strategy to mimic iPSC cardiac-like fates in the presence of a cardiogenic milieu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Basoli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
- Research Department, Rinaldi Fontani Foundation, Florence, Italy
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sara Santaniello
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
- National Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Engineering - National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems-Eldor Lab, at Innovation Accelerators, CNR, Bologna, Italy
| | - Salvatore Rinaldi
- Research Department, Rinaldi Fontani Foundation, Florence, Italy
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Rinaldi Fontani Institute, Florence, Italy
- IRF Shanghai Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Vania Fontani
- Research Department, Rinaldi Fontani Foundation, Florence, Italy
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Rinaldi Fontani Institute, Florence, Italy
- IRF Shanghai Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Gianfranco Pigliaru
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
- National Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Engineering - National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems-Eldor Lab, at Innovation Accelerators, CNR, Bologna, Italy
| | - Matthias Wieser
- Evercyte GmbH, Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Agata Strajeriu
- Evercyte GmbH, Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alessandro Castagna
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Rinaldi Fontani Institute, Florence, Italy
| | - Heinz Redl
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Carlo Ventura
- National Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Stem Cell Engineering - National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems-Eldor Lab, at Innovation Accelerators, CNR, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Rinaldi Fontani Institute, Florence, Italy
| | - Regina Grillari
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Evercyte GmbH, Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Margherita Maioli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
- IRF Shanghai Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
- Center for developmental biology and reprogramming - CEDEBIOR, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari and National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, Sassari, Italy
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13
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Rinaldi A, Rinaldi C, Coelho Pereira JA, Lotti Margotti M, Bittencourt MN, Barcessat ARP, Fontani V, Rinaldi S. Radio electric asymmetric conveyer neuromodulation in depression, anxiety, and stress. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2019; 15:469-480. [PMID: 30858704 PMCID: PMC6387613 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s195466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of specific neuromodulation treatments performed with radio electric asymmetric conveyer (REAC) technology in the treatment of the symptomatic triad depression, anxiety, and stress by the use of a specific psychometric test such as the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-42 items (DASS-42) version, which assesses simultaneously the severity of expression of this triad. PATIENTS AND METHODS The design of this study was planned to compare two populations that performed DASS-42 test twice within a similar period of time. The first population performed the first DASS test before the treatment and the second test about 3 months later, at the end of two specific REAC neuromodulation treatments, neuropostural optimization (NPO) and neuropsychophysical optimization (NPPO), that have previously shown an efficacy in the treatment of depression, anxiety and stress. The second population (untreated), used as the randomized control group, consisted of a similar group by gender and age, who performed the DASS-42 test in an online platform twice, with an interval of about 3 months between the first and second tests, similar to the interval between the two tests in the treated group. RESULTS The comparison between the treated group and the control group points out the REAC treatment efficacy in improving the quality of life. At the second DASS-42 test, self-administered about 3 months after the treatments, treated patients were positioned on average values of much milder severity in all the three clusters, depression, anxiety, and stress, while in untreated patients there was no significant difference between the mean values of the first and second DASS tests. CONCLUSION The results obtained in this study, evaluated with the DASS-42 test, confirm that REAC-NPO and REAC-NPPO neuromodulation treatments can be useful tools for the clinical treatment of depression, anxiety, and stress, as already proven by previous results evaluated with different psychometric tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Rinaldi
- Department of Neuro Psycho Physio Pathology and Neuro Psycho Physical Optimization, Rinaldi Fontani Institute, Florence, Italy, .,Research Department, Rinaldi Fontani Foundation, Florence, Italy,
| | - Chiara Rinaldi
- Department of Neuro Psycho Physio Pathology and Neuro Psycho Physical Optimization, Rinaldi Fontani Institute, Florence, Italy, .,Research Department, Rinaldi Fontani Foundation, Florence, Italy,
| | | | - Matteo Lotti Margotti
- Department of Neuro Psycho Physio Pathology and Neuro Psycho Physical Optimization, Rinaldi Fontani Institute, Florence, Italy, .,Research Department, Rinaldi Fontani Foundation, Florence, Italy,
| | | | | | - Vania Fontani
- Department of Neuro Psycho Physio Pathology and Neuro Psycho Physical Optimization, Rinaldi Fontani Institute, Florence, Italy, .,Research Department, Rinaldi Fontani Foundation, Florence, Italy,
| | - Salvatore Rinaldi
- Department of Neuro Psycho Physio Pathology and Neuro Psycho Physical Optimization, Rinaldi Fontani Institute, Florence, Italy, .,Research Department, Rinaldi Fontani Foundation, Florence, Italy,
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Coelho Pereira JA, Rinaldi A, Fontani V, Rinaldi S. REAC neuromodulation treatments in subjects with severe socioeconomic and cultural hardship in the Brazilian state of Pará: a family observational pilot study. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2018; 14:1047-1054. [PMID: 29713174 PMCID: PMC5909792 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s161646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this preliminary observational study was to evaluate the usefulness of a humanitarian initiative, aimed at improving the neuropsychological and behavioral attitude of children with severe socioeconomic and cultural hardship, in the Brazilian state of Pará. This humanitarian initiative was realized through the administration of two neuromodulation protocols, with radioelectric asymmetric conveyor (REAC) technology. During several years of clinical use, the REAC neuromodulation protocols have already proved to be effective in countering the effects of environmental stress on neuropsycho-physical functions. PATIENTS AND METHODS After the preliminary medical examination, all subjects were investigated with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), including the impact supplement with teacher's report. After the SDQ, they received the neuromodulation treatment with REAC technology named neuro postural optimization (NPO), to evaluate their responsiveness. Subsequently, every 3 months all subjects underwent a treatment cycle of neuropsycho-physical optimization (NPPO) with REAC technology, for a total of three cycles. At the end of the last REAC-NPPO treatment cycle, all subjects were investigated once again with the SDQ. For the adequacy of the data, the Wilcoxon and the Signs tests were used. For the subdivision into clusters, the Kruskal-Wallis test was applied for the adequacy of the procedure. For all the applied tests, a statistical significance of p<0.5 was found. RESULTS The results showed that the REAC-NPO and REAC-NPPO neuromodulation protocols are able to improve the quality of life, the scholastic and socialization skills, and the overall state of physical and mental health in children of a family with severe socioeconomic and cultural hardship. CONCLUSION The REAC-NPO and REAC-NPPO neuromodulation protocols, due to their non-invasive characteristics, painlessness, and speed of administration, can be hypothesized as a treatment to improve the overall state of physical and mental health in a large number of people with socioeconomic and cultural discomfort.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Arianna Rinaldi
- Research Department, Rinaldi Fontani Foundation, Florence, Italy
- Department of Neuro Psycho Physio Pathology and Neuro Psycho Physical Optimization, Rinaldi Fontani Institute, Florence, Italy
| | - Vania Fontani
- Research Department, Rinaldi Fontani Foundation, Florence, Italy
- Department of Neuro Psycho Physio Pathology and Neuro Psycho Physical Optimization, Rinaldi Fontani Institute, Florence, Italy
| | - Salvatore Rinaldi
- Research Department, Rinaldi Fontani Foundation, Florence, Italy
- Department of Neuro Psycho Physio Pathology and Neuro Psycho Physical Optimization, Rinaldi Fontani Institute, Florence, Italy
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