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Pharmacological Targets in Chronic Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12081112. [PMID: 35892914 PMCID: PMC9394280 DOI: 10.3390/life12081112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure management has been repeatedly reviewed over time. This strategy has resulted in improved quality of life, especially in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). It is for this reason that new mechanisms involved in the development and progression of heart failure, along with specific therapies, have been identified. This review focuses on the most recent guidelines of therapeutic interventions, trials that explore novel therapies, and also new molecules that could improve prognosis of different HFrEF phenotypes.
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2
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Groun N, Villalba-Orero M, Lara-Pezzi E, Valero E, Garicano-Mena J, Le Clainche S. Higher order dynamic mode decomposition: From fluid dynamics to heart disease analysis. Comput Biol Med 2022; 144:105384. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.105384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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3
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DAM LYHNE M, SCHMIDT MORTENSEN C, VALENTIN HANSEN J, JUEL DRAGSBAEK S, NIELSEN-KUDSK J, ANDERSEN A. Effects of Mechanical Ventilation Versus Apnea on Bi-Ventricular Pressure-Volume Loop Recording. Physiol Res 2022; 71:103-111. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiration changes intrathoracic pressure and lung volumes in a cyclic manner, which affect cardiac function. Invasive ventricular pressure-volume (PV) loops can be recorded during ongoing mechanical ventilation or in transient apnea. No consensus exists considering ventilatory mode during PV loop recording. The objective of this study was to investigate the magnitude of any systematic difference of bi-ventricular PV loop variables recorded during mechanical ventilation versus apnea. PV loops were recorded simultaneously from the right ventricle and left ventricle in a closed chest porcine model during mechanical ventilation and in transient apnea (n=72). Variables were compared by regression analyses. Mechanical ventilation versus apnea affected regression coefficients for important PV variables including right ventricular stroke volume (1.22, 95% CI [1.08-1.36], p=0.003), right ventricular ejection fraction (0.90, 95% CI [0.81-1.00], p=0.043) and right ventricular arterial elastance (0.61, 95%CI [0.55-0.68], p<0.0001). Right ventricular pressures and volumes were parallelly shifted with Y-intercepts different from 0. Few left ventricular variables were affected, mainly first derivatives of pressure (dP/dt(max): 0.96, 95% CI [0.92-0.99], p=0.016, and dP/dt(min): 0.92, 95% CI [0.86-0.99], p=0.026), which might be due to decreased heart rate in apnea (Y-intercept -6.88, 95% CI [-12.22; -1.54], p=0.012). We conclude, that right ventricular stroke volume, ejection fraction and arterial elastance were mostly affected by apnea compared to mechanical ventilation. The results motivate future standardization of respiratory modality when measuring PV relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- M DAM LYHNE
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - J VALENTIN HANSEN
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - S JUEL DRAGSBAEK
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - J NIELSEN-KUDSK
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - A ANDERSEN
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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4
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Tang XH, Gambardella J, Jankauskas S, Wang X, Santulli G, Gudas LJ, Levi R. A Retinoic Acid Receptor β 2 Agonist Improves Cardiac Function in a Heart Failure Model. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2021; 379:182-190. [PMID: 34389654 PMCID: PMC8626778 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.121.000806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated that the selective retinoic acid receptor (RAR) β 2 agonist AC261066 reduces oxidative stress in an ex vivo murine model of ischemia/reperfusion. We hypothesized that by decreasing oxidative stress and consequent fibrogenesis, AC261066 could attenuate the development of contractile dysfunction in post-ischemic heart failure (HF). We tested this hypothesis in vivo using an established murine model of myocardial infarction (MI), obtained by permanent occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery. Treating mice with AC261066 in drinking water significantly attenuated the post-MI deterioration of echocardiographic indices of cardiac function, diminished remodeling, and reduced oxidative stress, as evidenced by a decrease in malondialdehyde level and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase expression in cardiomyocytes. The effects of AC261066 were also associated with a decrease in interstitial fibrosis, as shown by a marked reduction in collagen deposition and α-smooth muscle actin expression. In cardiac murine fibroblasts subjected to hypoxia, AC261066 reversed hypoxia-induced decreases in superoxide dismutase 2 and angiopoietin-like 4 transcriptional levels as well as the increase in NADPH oxidase 2 mRNA, demonstrating that the post-MI cardioprotective effects of AC261066 are associated with an action at the fibroblast level. Thus, AC261066 alleviates post-MI cardiac dysfunction by modulating a set of genes involved in the oxidant/antioxidant balance. These AC261066 responsive genes diminish interstitial fibrogenesis and remodeling. Since MI is a recognized major cause of HF, our data identify RARβ 2 as a potential pharmacological target in the treatment of HF. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: A previous report showed that the selective retinoic acid receptor (RAR) β 2 agonist AC261066 reduces oxidative stress in an ex vivo murine model of ischemia/reperfusion. This study shows that AC261066 attenuates the development of contractile dysfunction and maladaptive remodeling in post-ischemic heart failure (HF) by modulating a set of genes involved in oxidant/antioxidant balance. Since myocardial infarction is a recognized major cause of HF, these data identify RARβ 2 as a potential pharmacological target in the treatment of HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Han Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York (X.-H.T., L.J.G., R.L.); Departments of Medicine (Cardiology) and Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York (J.G., S.J., X.W., G.S.)
| | - Jessica Gambardella
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York (X.-H.T., L.J.G., R.L.); Departments of Medicine (Cardiology) and Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York (J.G., S.J., X.W., G.S.)
| | - Stanislovas Jankauskas
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York (X.-H.T., L.J.G., R.L.); Departments of Medicine (Cardiology) and Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York (J.G., S.J., X.W., G.S.)
| | - Xujun Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York (X.-H.T., L.J.G., R.L.); Departments of Medicine (Cardiology) and Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York (J.G., S.J., X.W., G.S.)
| | - Gaetano Santulli
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York (X.-H.T., L.J.G., R.L.); Departments of Medicine (Cardiology) and Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York (J.G., S.J., X.W., G.S.)
| | - Lorraine J Gudas
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York (X.-H.T., L.J.G., R.L.); Departments of Medicine (Cardiology) and Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York (J.G., S.J., X.W., G.S.)
| | - Roberto Levi
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, New York (X.-H.T., L.J.G., R.L.); Departments of Medicine (Cardiology) and Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York (J.G., S.J., X.W., G.S.)
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5
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Grigorian-Shamagian L, Sanz-Ruiz R, Climent A, Badimon L, Barile L, Bolli R, Chamuleau S, Grobbee DE, Janssens S, Kastrup J, Kragten-Tabatabaie L, Madonna R, Mathur A, Menasché P, Pompilio G, Prosper F, Sena E, Smart N, Zimmermann WH, Fernández-Avilés F. Insights into therapeutic products, preclinical research models, and clinical trials in cardiac regenerative and reparative medicine: where are we now and the way ahead. Current opinion paper of the ESC Working Group on Cardiovascular Regenerative and Reparative Medicine. Cardiovasc Res 2020; 117:1428-1433. [PMID: 33258961 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Great expectations have been set around the clinical potential of regenerative and reparative medicine in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases [i.e. in particular, heart failure (HF)]. Initial excitement, spurred by encouraging preclinical data, resulted in a rapid translation into clinical research. The sobering outcome of the resulting clinical trials suggests that preclinical testing may have been insufficient to predict clinical outcome. A number of barriers for clinical translation include the inherent variability of the biological products and difficulties to develop potency and quality assays, insufficient rigour of the preclinical research and reproducibility of the results, manufacturing challenges, and scientific irregularities reported in the last years. The failure to achieve clinical success led to an increased scrutiny and scepticism as to the clinical readiness of stem cells and gene therapy products among clinicians, industry stakeholders, and funding bodies. The present impasse has attracted the attention of some of the most active research groups in the field, which were then summoned to analyse the position of the field and tasked to develop a strategy, to re-visit the undoubtedly promising future of cardiovascular regenerative and reparative medicine, based on lessons learned over the past two decades. During the scientific retreat of the ESC Working Group on Cardiovascular Regenerative and Reparative Medicine (CARE) in November 2018, the most relevant and timely research aspects in regenerative and/or reparative medicine were presented and critically discussed, with the aim to lay out a strategy for the future development of the field. We report herein the main ideas and conclusions of that meeting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilian Grigorian-Shamagian
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Universidad Complutense, Doctor Esquerdo 46, 28007 Madrid, Spain.,CIBERCV, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricardo Sanz-Ruiz
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Universidad Complutense, Doctor Esquerdo 46, 28007 Madrid, Spain.,CIBERCV, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andreu Climent
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Universidad Complutense, Doctor Esquerdo 46, 28007 Madrid, Spain.,CIBERCV, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lina Badimon
- CIBERCV, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Cardiovascular Program-ICCC, IR-Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, and Cardiovascular Research Chair, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lucio Barile
- Laboratory for Cardiovascular Theranostics, Cardiocentro Ticino Foundation and Faculty of Biomedical Sciences Università Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Roberto Bolli
- Institute of Molecular Cardiology, University of Louisville, 550 S. Jackson St., ACB, 3rd Floor, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Steven Chamuleau
- Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC
- B2-239
- Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Diederick E Grobbee
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Stefan Janssens
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, UZ Leuven Campus Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jens Kastrup
- Department of Cardiology, The heart Centre, Rigshospitalet University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Anthony Mathur
- Centre for Cardiovascular Medicine and Device Innovation, Queen Mary University of London, Barts Heart Centre, St Bartholomew's Hospital, UK
| | - Philippe Menasché
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou 20, Université de Paris, PARCC, INSERM, rue Leblanc 75015 Paris, F-75015, Paris, France
| | - Giulio Pompilio
- Pompilio G Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Italy.,Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milano, Italy
| | - Felipe Prosper
- Hematology and Cell Therapy, Clinica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona and Tercel, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Emily Sena
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Nicola Smart
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy & Genetics, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Wolfgram-Hubertus Zimmermann
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany.,DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, Göttingen, Potsdamer Str. 58 10785 Berlin, Germany
| | - Francisco Fernández-Avilés
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Universidad Complutense, Doctor Esquerdo 46, 28007 Madrid, Spain.,CIBERCV, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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6
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Effects on cardiac function, remodeling and inflammation following myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury or unreperfused myocardial infarction in hypercholesterolemic APOE*3-Leiden mice. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16601. [PMID: 33024178 PMCID: PMC7538581 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73608-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Many novel therapies to treat myocardial infarction (MI), yielding promising results in animal models, nowadays failed in clinical trials for several reasons. The most used animal MI model is based on permanent ligation of the left anterior descending (LAD) coronary artery in healthy mice resulting in transmural MI, while in clinical practice reperfusion is usually accomplished by primary percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) limiting myocardial damage and inducing myocardial ischemia–reperfusion (MI-R) injury. To evaluate a more similar murine MI model we compared MI-R injury to unreperfused MI in hypercholesterolemic apolipoprotein (APO)E*3-Leiden mice regarding effects on cardiac function, left ventricular (LV) remodeling and inflammation. Both MI-R and MI resulted in significant LV dilation and impaired cardiac function after 3 weeks. Although LV dilation, displayed by end-diastolic (EDV) and end-systolic volumes (ESV), and infarct size (IS) were restricted following MI-R compared to MI (respectively by 27.6% for EDV, 39.5% ESV, 36.0% IS), cardiac function was not preserved. LV-wall thinning was limited with non-transmural LV fibrosis in the MI-R group (66.7%). Two days after inducing myocardial ischemia, local leucocyte infiltration in the infarct area was decreased following MI-R compared to MI (36.6%), whereas systemic circulating monocytes were increased in both groups compared to sham (130.0% following MI-R and 120.0% after MI). Both MI-R and MI models against the background of a hypercholesterolemic phenotype appear validated experimental models, however reduced infarct size, restricted LV remodeling as well as a different distributed inflammatory response following MI-R resemble the contemporary clinical outcome regarding primary PCI more accurately which potentially provides better predictive value of experimental therapies in successive clinical trials.
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7
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Bosch L, de Haan JJ, Bastemeijer M, van der Burg J, van der Worp E, Wesseling M, Viola M, Odille C, El Azzouzi H, Pasterkamp G, Sluijter JPG, Wever KE, de Jager SCA. The transverse aortic constriction heart failure animal model: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Heart Fail Rev 2020; 26:1515-1524. [PMID: 32335789 PMCID: PMC8510918 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-020-09960-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The transverse aortic constriction (TAC) model is frequently used to study adverse cardiac remodeling upon pressure overload. We set out to define the most important characteristics that define the degree of cardiac remodeling in this model. A systematic review and meta-analyses were performed on studies using the TAC mouse/rat model and reporting echocardiographic outcome parameters. We included all animal studies in which a constriction around the transverse aorta and at least one of the predefined echocardiography or MRI outcome parameters were assessed. A total of 502 articles and > 3000 wild-type, untreated animals undergoing TAC were included in this study and referenced to a control group. The duration of aortic constriction correlated to the degree of adverse remodeling. However, the mouse data is strongly biased by the preferential use of male C57Bl/6 mice (66% of studies). Furthermore, mostly ketamine/xylazine anesthetics, 27G needle constriction, and silk sutures are used. Nonetheless, despite the homogeneity in experimental design, the model contained a substantial degree of heterogeneity in the functional outcome measures. When looking at study quality, only 12% reported randomization, 23% mentioned any sort of blinding, 25% adequately addressed the outcomes, and an amazingly low percentage (2%) showed sample size calculation. Meta-analyses did not detect specific study characteristics that explained the heterogeneity in the reported outcome measures, however this might be related to the strong bias towards the use of specific mouse lines, sex as well as age or to poor reporting of characteristics of study quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Bosch
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Judith J de Haan
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Marissa Bastemeijer
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jennifer van der Burg
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Erik van der Worp
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Marian Wesseling
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Margarida Viola
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Clémene Odille
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Hamid El Azzouzi
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gerard Pasterkamp
- Central Diagnostics Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- UMC Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center, Circulatory Health Laboratory, University Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Joost P G Sluijter
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, Netherlands
- UMC Utrecht Regenerative Medicine Center, Circulatory Health Laboratory, University Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Kimberley E Wever
- SYstematic Review Centre for Laboratory animal Experimentation (SYRCLE), Department for Health Evidence, Nijmegen Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia C A de Jager
- Laboratory of Experimental Cardiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX, Utrecht, Netherlands.
- Laboratory of Translational Immunology, Department of Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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Vollert J, Schenker E, Macleod M, Bespalov A, Wuerbel H, Michel M, Dirnagl U, Potschka H, Waldron AM, Wever K, Steckler T, van de Casteele T, Altevogt B, Sil A, Rice ASC. Systematic review of guidelines for internal validity in the design, conduct and analysis of preclinical biomedical experiments involving laboratory animals. BMJ OPEN SCIENCE 2020; 4:e100046. [PMID: 35047688 PMCID: PMC8647591 DOI: 10.1136/bmjos-2019-100046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last two decades, awareness of the negative repercussions of flaws in the planning, conduct and reporting of preclinical research involving experimental animals has been growing. Several initiatives have set out to increase transparency and internal validity of preclinical studies, mostly publishing expert consensus and experience. While many of the points raised in these various guidelines are identical or similar, they differ in detail and rigour. Most of them focus on reporting, only few of them cover the planning and conduct of studies. The aim of this systematic review is to identify existing experimental design, conduct, analysis and reporting guidelines relating to preclinical animal research. A systematic search in PubMed, Embase and Web of Science retrieved 13 863 unique results. After screening these on title and abstract, 613 papers entered the full-text assessment stage, from which 60 papers were retained. From these, we extracted unique 58 recommendations on the planning, conduct and reporting of preclinical animal studies. Sample size calculations, adequate statistical methods, concealed and randomised allocation of animals to treatment, blinded outcome assessment and recording of animal flow through the experiment were recommended in more than half of the publications. While we consider these recommendations to be valuable, there is a striking lack of experimental evidence on their importance and relative effect on experiments and effect sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Vollert
- Pain Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Esther Schenker
- Institut de Recherches Internationales Servier, Suresnes, Île-de-France, France
| | - Malcolm Macleod
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, Edinburgh Medical School, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Anton Bespalov
- Partnership for Assessment and Accreditation of Scientific Practice, Heidelberg, Germany
- Valdman Institute of Pharmacology, Pavlov First State Medical University of Saint Petersburg, Sankt Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Hanno Wuerbel
- Division of Animal Welfare, Vetsuisse Faculty, VPH Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martin Michel
- Universitätsmedizin Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg Universität Mainz, Mainz, Rheinland-Pfalz, Germany
| | - Ulrich Dirnagl
- Department of Experimental Neurology, Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Heidrun Potschka
- Institute of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Munchen, Munchen, Bayern, Germany
| | - Ann-Marie Waldron
- Institute of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Munchen, Munchen, Bayern, Germany
| | - Kimberley Wever
- Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation, Department for Health Evidence, Nijmegen Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud Universiteit, Nijmegen, Gelderland, Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Annesha Sil
- Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Andrew S C Rice
- Pain Medicine, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Villalba-Orero M, López-Olañeta MM, González-López E, Padrón-Barthe L, Gómez-Salinero JM, García-Prieto J, Wai T, García-Pavía P, Ibáñez B, Jiménez-Borreguero LJ, Lara-Pezzi E. Lung ultrasound as a translational approach for non-invasive assessment of heart failure with reduced or preserved ejection fraction in mice. Cardiovasc Res 2018; 113:1113-1123. [PMID: 28472392 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvx090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Heart failure (HF) has become an epidemic and constitutes a major medical, social, and economic problem worldwide. Despite advances in medical treatment, HF prognosis remains poor. The development of efficient therapies is hampered by the lack of appropriate animal models in which HF can be reliably determined, particularly in mice. The development of HF in mice is often assumed based on the presence of cardiac dysfunction, but HF itself is seldom proved. Lung ultrasound (LUS) has become a helpful tool for lung congestion assessment in patients at all stages of HF. We aimed to apply this non-invasive imaging tool to evaluate HF in mouse models of both systolic and diastolic dysfunction. Methods and results We used LUS to study HF in a mouse model of systolic dysfunction, dilated cardiomyopathy, and in a mouse model of diastolic dysfunction, diabetic cardiomyopathy. LUS proved to be a reliable and reproducible tool to detect pulmonary congestion in mice. The combination of LUS and echocardiography allowed discriminating those mice that develop HF from those that do not, even in the presence of evident cardiac dysfunction. The study showed that LUS can be used to identify the onset of HF decompensation and to evaluate the efficacy of therapies for this syndrome. Conclusions This novel approach in mouse models of cardiac disease enables for the first time to adequately diagnose HF non-invasively in mice with preserved or reduced ejection fraction, and will pave the way to a better understanding of HF and to the development of new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Esther González-López
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Heart Failure and Inherited Cardiac Diseases Unit, Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Padrón-Barthe
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Jaime García-Prieto
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Timothy Wai
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Pablo García-Pavía
- Heart Failure and Inherited Cardiac Diseases Unit, Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Para Cardiología (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain.,Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Borja Ibáñez
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Para Cardiología (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Cardiology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS), Fundación Jiménez Díaz Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis J Jiménez-Borreguero
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Hospital de la Princesa, Madrid, Spain
| | - Enrique Lara-Pezzi
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Para Cardiología (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain.,National Heart & Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
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10
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Acin-Perez R, Lechuga-Vieco AV, del Mar Muñoz M, Nieto-Arellano R, Torroja C, Sánchez-Cabo F, Jiménez C, González-Guerra A, Carrascoso I, Benincá C, Quiros PM, López-Otín C, Castellano JM, Ruíz-Cabello J, Jiménez-Borreguero LJ, Enríquez JA. Ablation of the stress protease OMA1 protects against heart failure in mice. Sci Transl Med 2018; 10:10/434/eaan4935. [DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aan4935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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11
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Hartman MHT, Groot HE, Leach IM, Karper JC, van der Harst P. Translational overview of cytokine inhibition in acute myocardial infarction and chronic heart failure. Trends Cardiovasc Med 2018. [PMID: 29519701 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcm.2018.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Many cytokines are currently under investigation as potential target to improve cardiac function and outcome in the setting of acute myocardial infarction (MI) or chronic heart failure (HF). Here we aim to provide a translational overview of cytokine inhibiting therapies tested in experimental models and clinical studies. In various experimental studies, inhibition of interleukin-1 (IL-1), -6 (IL-6), -8 (IL-8), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), CC- and CXC chemokines, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) had beneficial effects on cardiac function and outcome. On the other hand, neutral or even detrimental results have been reported for some (IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1). Ambivalence of cytokine function, differences in study designs, treatment regimens and chosen endpoints hamper the translation of experimental research into clinical practice. Human studies are currently limited to IL-1β inhibition, IL-1 receptor antagonists (IL-1RA), IL-6 receptor antagonists (IL-6RA) or TNF inhibition. Despite favorable effects on cardiovascular events observed in retrospective cohort studies of rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with TNF inhibition or IL-1RA, most prospective studies reported disappointing and inconsistent results. Smaller studies (n < 100) generally reported favorable results of anticytokine therapy on cardiac function, but only one of the larger studies (n > 100) evaluating IL-1β inhibition presented positive results on outcome. In conclusion, of the 10 anticytokine therapies tested in animals models beneficial effects have been reported in at least one setting. In larger clinical studies, findings were unsatisfactory in all but one. Many anticytokine therapies with promising animal experimental data continue to require further evaluation in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minke H T Hartman
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Hilde E Groot
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Irene Mateo Leach
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jacco C Karper
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Pim van der Harst
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9700 RB, Groningen, the Netherlands
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12
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Activation of Serine One-Carbon Metabolism by Calcineurin Aβ1 Reduces Myocardial Hypertrophy and Improves Ventricular Function. J Am Coll Cardiol 2018; 71:654-667. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2017.11.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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13
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New pulmonary hypertension model in conscious dogs to investigate pulmonary-selectivity of acute pharmacological interventions. Eur J Appl Physiol 2017; 118:195-203. [PMID: 29159668 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-017-3761-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Testing of investigational drugs in animal models is a critical step in drug development. Current models of pulmonary hypertension (PH) have limitations. The most relevant outcome parameters such as pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) are measured invasively which requires anesthesia of the animal. We developed a new canine PH model in which pulmonary vasodilators can be characterized in conscious dogs and lung selectivity can be assessed non-invasively. METHODS Telemetry devices were implanted to measure relevant hemodynamic parameters in conscious dogs. A hypoxic chamber was constructed in which the animals were placed in a conscious state. By reducing the inspired oxygen fraction (FiO2) to 10%, a hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction was induced leading to PH. The PDE-5 inhibitor sildenafil, the current standard of care was compared to atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP). RESULTS The new hypoxic chamber provided a stable hypoxic atmosphere during all experiments. The mean PAP under normoxic conditions was 15.8 ± 1.8 mmHg. Hypoxia caused a reliable increase in mean PAP (+ 12.2 ± 3.2 mmHg, p < 0.0001). Both, sildenafil (- 6.8 ± 4.4 mmHg) and ANP (- 6.4 ± 3.8 mmHg) significantly (p < 0.05) decreased PAP. Furthermore sildenafil and ANP showed similar effects on systemic hemodynamics. In subsequent studies, the in vitro effects and gene expression pattern of the two pathways were exemplified. CONCLUSIONS By combining the hypoxic environment with the telemetric approach, we could successfully establish a new acute PH model. Sildenafil and ANP demonstrated equal effects regarding pulmonary selectivity. This non-invasive model could help to rapidly screen pulmonary vasodilators with decreased animal burden.
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14
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Systolic Dysfunction in Infarcted Mice Does Not Necessarily Lead to Heart Failure: Need to Refine Preclinical Models. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2017; 10:499-501. [PMID: 28812262 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-017-9765-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a major cause of death and hospitalization worldwide. Despite advances in reducing mortality, prognosis remains poor and prevalence has reached epidemic proportions. The limitations of available preclinical models represent a major hurdle in the development of new therapies. Myocardial infarction (MI) is a main cause of HF in humans, and mouse models of MI are often used to study HF mechanisms and experimental treatments. We investigated whether MI in mice constitutes an appropriate model of HF. Permanent ligation of the left coronary artery induced severe and persistent systolic dysfunction and ventricular dilatation. Mouse follow-up for 10 months showed no significant evidence of lung congestion or other pulmonary defects associated with HF. No difference was observed in the capacity of infarcted mice to exercise compared to control animals. These results indicate that severe cardiac dysfunction in mice is not sufficient to demonstrate the presence of HF.
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15
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Garcia LR, Polegato BF, Zornoff LAM. Challenges of Translational Science. Arq Bras Cardiol 2017; 108:388-389. [PMID: 28591317 PMCID: PMC5444883 DOI: 10.5935/abc.20170061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo R Garcia
- Departamento de Clínica Médica - Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Botucatu, SP - Brazil
| | - Bertha F Polegato
- Departamento de Clínica Médica - Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Botucatu, SP - Brazil
| | - Leonardo A M Zornoff
- Departamento de Clínica Médica - Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu, Botucatu, SP - Brazil
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16
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Deddens JC, Feyen DA, Zwetsloot PP, Brans MA, Siddiqi S, van Laake LW, Doevendans PA, Sluijter JP. Targeting chronic cardiac remodeling with cardiac progenitor cells in a murine model of ischemia/reperfusion injury. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173657. [PMID: 28319168 PMCID: PMC5358772 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Translational failure for cardiovascular disease is a substantial problem involving both high research costs and an ongoing lack of novel treatment modalities. Despite the progress already made, cell therapy for chronic heart failure in the clinical setting is still hampered by poor translation. We used a murine model of chronic ischemia/reperfusion injury to examine the effect of minimally invasive application of cardiac progenitor cells (CPC) in cardiac remodeling and to improve clinical translation. METHODS 28 days after the induction of I/R injury, mice were randomized to receive either CPC (0.5 million) or vehicle by echo-guided intra-myocardial injection. To determine retention, CPC were localized in vivo by bioluminescence imaging (BLI) two days after injection. Cardiac function was assessed by 3D echocardiography and speckle tracking analysis to quantify left ventricular geometry and regional myocardial deformation. RESULTS BLI demonstrated successful injection of CPC (18/23), which were mainly located along the needle track in the anterior/septal wall. Although CPC treatment did not result in overall restoration of cardiac function, a relative preservation of the left ventricular end-diastolic volume was observed at 4 weeks follow-up compared to vehicle control (+5.3 ± 2.1 μl vs. +10.8 ± 1.5 μl). This difference was reflected in an increased strain rate (+16%) in CPC treated mice. CONCLUSIONS CPC transplantation can be adequately studied in chronic cardiac remodeling using this study set-up and by that provide a translatable murine model facilitating advances in research for new therapeutic approaches to ultimately improve therapy for chronic heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine C. Deddens
- Department of Cardiology, Experimental Cardiology laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Heart Institute (ICIN), Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Dries A. Feyen
- Department of Cardiology, Experimental Cardiology laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Peter-Paul Zwetsloot
- Department of Cardiology, Experimental Cardiology laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Maike A. Brans
- Department of Cardiology, Experimental Cardiology laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Sailay Siddiqi
- Department of Cardiology, Experimental Cardiology laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Linda W. van Laake
- Department of Cardiology, Experimental Cardiology laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter A. Doevendans
- Department of Cardiology, Experimental Cardiology laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Heart Institute (ICIN), Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Joost P. Sluijter
- Department of Cardiology, Experimental Cardiology laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Heart Institute (ICIN), Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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17
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Vilahur G, Oñate B, Cubedo J, Béjar MT, Arderiu G, Peña E, Casaní L, Gutiérrez M, Capdevila A, Pons-Lladó G, Carreras F, Hidalgo A, Badimon L. Allogenic adipose-derived stem cell therapy overcomes ischemia-induced microvessel rarefaction in the myocardium: systems biology study. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:52. [PMID: 28279225 PMCID: PMC5345145 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0509-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Myocardial microvascular loss after myocardial infarction (MI) remains a therapeutic challenge. Autologous stem cell therapy was considered as an alternative; however, it has shown modest benefits due to the impairing effects of cardiovascular risk factors on stem cells. Allogenic adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) may overcome such limitations, and because of their low immunogenicity and paracrine potential may be good candidates for cell therapy. In the present study we investigated the effects of allogenic ASCs and their released products on cardiac rarefaction post MI. Methods Pig subcutaneous adipose tissue ASCs were isolated, expanded and GFP-labeled. ASC angiogenic function was assessed by the in-vivo chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model. Pigs underwent MI induction and 7 days after were randomized to receive: allogenic ASCs (intracoronary infusion); conditioned media (CM; intravenous infusion); ASCs + CM; or PBS/placebo (control). Cardiac damage and function were monitored by 3-T cardiac magnetic resonance imaging upon infusion (baseline CMR) and 1 and 3 weeks thereafter. We assessed in the myocardium: microvessel density; angiogenic markers (CD105, CD31, TF, VEGFR2, VEGFR1, vWF, eNOS, CD62); collagen deposition; and reparative fibrosis (TGFβ/TβRII/collagen). Differential proteomics of ASCs and CM was performed to characterize the ASC protein signature. Results CAM indicated a significant ASC proangiogenic capacity. In pigs after MI, only PBS/placebo animals displayed an impaired cardiac function 3 weeks after infusion (p < 0.05 vs baseline). Administration of ASCs + CM significantly enhanced neovessel formation and favored cardiac repair post MI (p < 0.05 vs the other groups). Molecular markers of angiogenesis were significantly upregulated both at transcriptional and protein levels (p < 0.05). The in-silico bioinformatics analysis of the ASC and CM proteome (interactome) indicated activation of a coordinated protein network involved in the formation of microvessels and the resolution of rarefaction. Conclusion Coadministration of allogenic ASCs and their CM synergistically contribute to the neovascularization of the infarcted myocardium through a coordinated upregulation of the proangiogenic protein interactome. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13287-017-0509-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Vilahur
- Cardiovascular Research Center (CSIC-ICCC) Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (HSCSP), c/Sant Antoni Ma Claret 167, 08025, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERCV, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Blanca Oñate
- Cardiovascular Research Center (CSIC-ICCC) Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (HSCSP), c/Sant Antoni Ma Claret 167, 08025, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Judit Cubedo
- Cardiovascular Research Center (CSIC-ICCC) Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (HSCSP), c/Sant Antoni Ma Claret 167, 08025, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Teresa Béjar
- Cardiovascular Research Center (CSIC-ICCC) Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (HSCSP), c/Sant Antoni Ma Claret 167, 08025, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gemma Arderiu
- Cardiovascular Research Center (CSIC-ICCC) Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (HSCSP), c/Sant Antoni Ma Claret 167, 08025, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esther Peña
- Cardiovascular Research Center (CSIC-ICCC) Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (HSCSP), c/Sant Antoni Ma Claret 167, 08025, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERCV, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Casaní
- Cardiovascular Research Center (CSIC-ICCC) Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (HSCSP), c/Sant Antoni Ma Claret 167, 08025, Barcelona, Spain.,CIBERCV, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Lina Badimon
- Cardiovascular Research Center (CSIC-ICCC) Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (HSCSP), c/Sant Antoni Ma Claret 167, 08025, Barcelona, Spain. .,CIBERCV, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain. .,Cardiovascular Research Chair, UAB (Autonomous University of Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain.
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18
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Abstract
In light of an enhanced awareness of ethical questions and ever increasing costs when working with animals in biomedical research, there is a dedicated and sometimes fierce debate concerning the (lack of) reproducibility of animal models and their relevance for human inflammatory diseases. Despite evident advancements in searching for alternatives, that is, replacing, reducing, and refining animal experiments-the three R's of Russel and Burch (1959)-understanding the complex interactions of the cells of the immune system, the nervous system and the affected tissue/organ during inflammation critically relies on in vivo models. Consequently, scientific advancement and ultimately novel therapeutic interventions depend on improving the reproducibility of animal inflammation models. As a prelude to the remaining hands-on protocols described in this volume, here, we summarize potential pitfalls of preclinical animal research and provide resources and background reading on how to avoid them.
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19
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Fraccarollo D, Galuppo P, Bauersachs J. Modeling Cardiac Fibrosis in Mice: (Myo)Fibroblast Phenotype After Ischemia. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1627:123-137. [PMID: 28836199 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7113-8_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac (myo)fibroblasts play a key role in the regulation of wound healing and pathogenic remodeling after myocardial infarction. Impaired scar formation and alterations of the extracellular matrix network precipitate cardiac dysfunction leading to increased morbidity and mortality. Therapeutic approaches addressing (myo)fibroblast phenotype appear to be useful in preventing progressive structural, electrical, and functional impairment and heart failure.Permanent ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery has proven to be a valuable experimental model to investigate the arrays of pathways/mechanisms involved in cardiac repair and extracellular matrix remodeling in ischemic heart failure. Here we describe the surgical procedure to occlude the left coronary artery in mice. Moreover, we present an accurate method to isolate (myo)fibroblasts from ischemic myocardium, with maintenance of the functional phenotype, using the specific marker for mouse cardiac fibroblasts mEF-SK4. The protocol can be completed within a few hours, and the isolated fibroblasts/myofibroblasts are suitable for downstream molecular biology applications, like gene expression profiling and cell culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Fraccarollo
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Medical School Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, Hannover, 30625, Germany.
| | - Paolo Galuppo
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Medical School Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, Hannover, 30625, Germany
| | - Johann Bauersachs
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, Medical School Hannover, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, Hannover, 30625, Germany
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20
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Iyngkaran P, Liew D, McDonald P, Thomas MC, Reid C, Chew D, Hare DL. Phase 4 Studies in Heart Failure - What is Done and What is Needed? Curr Cardiol Rev 2016; 12:216-30. [PMID: 27280303 PMCID: PMC5011189 DOI: 10.2174/1573403x12666160606121458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Congestive heart failure (CHF) therapeutics is generated through a well-described evidence generating process. Phases 1 - 3 of this process are required prior to approval and widespread clinical use. Phase 3 in almost all cases is a methodologically sound randomized controlled trial (RCT). After this phase it is generally accepted that the treatment has a significant, independent and prognostically beneficial effect on the pathophysiological process. A major criticism of RCTs is the population to whom the result is applicable. When this population is significantly different from the trial cohort the external validity comes into question. Should the continuation of the evidence generating process continue these problems might be identified. Post marketing surveillance through phase 4 and comparative effectiveness studies through phase 5 trials are often underperformed in comparison to the RCT. These processes can help identify remote adverse events and define new hypotheses for community level benefits. This review is aimed at exploring the post-marketing scene for CHF therapeutics from an Australian health system perspective. We explore the phases of clinical trials, the level of evidence currently available and options for ensuring greater accountability for community level CHF clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pupalan Iyngkaran
- Cardiologist & Senior Lecturer NT Medical School, Flinders University, Australia.
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21
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Wang Z, Rong X, Luo B, Qin S, Lu L, Zhang X, Sun Y, Hu Q, Zhang C. A Natural Model of Mouse Cardiac Myocyte Senescence. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2016; 9:456-458. [PMID: 27631884 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-016-9711-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Many cardiac aging studies are performed on mice first and then, due to difficulty in mouse cardiomyocyte culture, applied the rat neonatal cardiomyocytes to further determine the mechanisms in vitro. Now, the technological challenge of mouse cardiomyocyte culture has been overcome and there is an increasing need for the senescence models of mouse cardiomyocytes. In this study, we have demonstrated that the senescence of mouse cardiomyocytes occurred with the extended culture time as shown by the increased β-galactosidase staining, increased p53 expression, decreased telomere activity, shorted telomere length, increased production of ROS, increased cell apoptosis, and impaired mitochondrial ΔΨm. These senescent responses shared similar results in aged mouse heart tissues in vivo. In summary, we have established and characterized a novel senescence model of mouse cardiomyocytes induced by the extended culture time in vitro. The cell model could be useful for the increased cardiac aging studies worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zunzhe Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Rush University Cardiovascular Research Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Xing Rong
- Children's Heart Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Bihui Luo
- Department of Pharmacology and Rush University Cardiovascular Research Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Shanshan Qin
- Department of Pharmacology and Rush University Cardiovascular Research Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Lili Lu
- Department of Pharmacology and Rush University Cardiovascular Research Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Xiuli Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Rush University Cardiovascular Research Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Yeying Sun
- Department of Pharmacology and Rush University Cardiovascular Research Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Qin Hu
- Department of Pharmacology and Rush University Cardiovascular Research Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Chunxiang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Rush University Cardiovascular Research Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA. .,Children's Heart Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China. .,Department of Pharmacology, Rush Medical College, Rush University, 1735 West Harrison St, Cohn Building, Suite 406, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
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22
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Widespread Myocardial Delivery of Heart-Derived Stem Cells by Nonocclusive Triple-Vessel Intracoronary Infusion in Porcine Ischemic Cardiomyopathy: Superior Attenuation of Adverse Remodeling Documented by Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Histology. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0144523. [PMID: 26784932 PMCID: PMC4718597 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-vessel, intracoronary infusion of stem cells under stop-flow conditions has proven safe but achieves only limited myocardial coverage. Continuous flow intracoronary delivery to one or more coronary vessels may achieve broader coverage for treating cardiomyopathy, but has not been investigated. Using nonocclusive coronary guiding catheters, we infused allogeneic cardiosphere-derived cells (CDCs) either in a single vessel or sequentially in all three coronary arteries in porcine ischemic cardiomyopathy and used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to assess structural and physiological outcomes. Vehicle-infused animals served as controls. Single-vessel stop-flow and continuous-flow intracoronary infusion revealed equivalent effects on scar size and function. Sequential infusion into each of the three major coronary vessels under stop-flow or continuous-flow conditions revealed equal efficacy, but less elevation of necrotic biomarkers with continuous-flow delivery. In addition, multi-vessel delivery resulted in enhanced global and regional tissue function compared to a triple-vessel placebo-treated group. The functional benefits after global cell infusion were accompanied histologically by minimal inflammatory cellular infiltration, attenuated regional fibrosis and enhanced vessel density in the heart. Sequential multi-vessel non-occlusive delivery of CDCs is safe and provides enhanced preservation of left ventricular function and structure. The current findings provide preclinical validation of the delivery method currently undergoing clinical testing in the Dilated cardiomYopathy iNtervention With Allogeneic MyocardIally-regenerative Cells (DYNAMIC) trial of CDCs in heart failure patients.
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23
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Horgan SJ, Watson CJ, Glezeva N, Collier P, Neary R, Tea IJ, Corrigan N, Ledwidge M, McDonald K, Baugh JA. Serum Amyloid P-Component Prevents Cardiac Remodeling in Hypertensive Heart Disease. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2015; 8:554-66. [PMID: 26577946 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-015-9661-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The potential for serum amyloid P-component (SAP) to prevent cardiac remodeling and identify worsening diastolic dysfunction (DD) was investigated. The anti-fibrotic potential of SAP was tested in an animal model of hypertensive heart disease (spontaneously hypertensive rats treated with SAP [SHR - SAP] × 12 weeks). Biomarker analysis included a prospective study of 60 patients with asymptomatic progressive DD. Compared with vehicle-treated Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY-V), the vehicle-treated SHRs (SHR-V) exhibited significant increases in left ventricular mass, perivascular collagen, cardiomyocyte size, and macrophage infiltration. SAP administration was associated with significantly lower left ventricular mass (p < 0.01), perivascular collagen (p < 0.01), and cardiomyocyte size (p < 0.01). Macrophage infiltration was significantly attenuated in the SHR-SAP group. Biomarker analysis showed significant decreases in SAP concentration over time in patients with progressive DD (p < 0.05). Our results indicate that SAP prevents cardiac remodeling by inhibiting recruitment of pro-fibrotic macrophages and that depleted SAP levels identify patients with advancing DD suggesting a role for SAP therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen J Horgan
- UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, UCD School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.,Chronic Cardiovascular Disease Unit, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Chris J Watson
- UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, UCD School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.,Chronic Cardiovascular Disease Unit, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Nadia Glezeva
- UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, UCD School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.,Chronic Cardiovascular Disease Unit, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Pat Collier
- UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, UCD School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.,Chronic Cardiovascular Disease Unit, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin 4, Ireland.,Cardiovascular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Roisin Neary
- UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, UCD School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Isaac J Tea
- UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, UCD School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Niamh Corrigan
- UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, UCD School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mark Ledwidge
- UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, UCD School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.,Chronic Cardiovascular Disease Unit, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Ken McDonald
- UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, UCD School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.,Chronic Cardiovascular Disease Unit, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Elm Park, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - John A Baugh
- UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, UCD School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland.
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Schüssler-Lenz M, Beuneu C, Menezes-Ferreira M, Jekerle V, Bartunek J, Chamuleau S, Celis P, Doevendans P, O'Donovan M, Hill J, Hystad M, Jovinge S, Kyselovič J, Lipnik-Stangelj M, Maciulaitis R, Prasad K, Samuel A, Tenhunen O, Tonn T, Rosano G, Zeiher A, Salmikangas P. Cell-based therapies for cardiac repair: a meeting report on scientific observations and European regulatory viewpoints. Eur J Heart Fail 2015; 18:133-41. [DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Schüssler-Lenz
- Committee for Advanced Therapies (CAT); European Medicines Agency (EMA); Langen Germany
- Paul-Ehrlich-Institut; Federal Institute for Vaccines and Biomedicines; Langen Germany
| | - Claire Beuneu
- Committee for Advanced Therapies (CAT); European Medicines Agency (EMA); Langen Germany
- Federal Agency for Medicines and Health Products; Brussels Belgium
| | - Margarida Menezes-Ferreira
- Committee for Advanced Therapies (CAT); European Medicines Agency (EMA); Langen Germany
- Infarmed-National Authority of Medicines and Health Products; Lisbon Portugal
| | | | | | | | - Patrick Celis
- Committee for Advanced Therapies (CAT); European Medicines Agency (EMA); Langen Germany
- European Medicines Agency (EMA); London UK
| | - Pieter Doevendans
- Committee for Advanced Therapies (CAT); European Medicines Agency (EMA); Langen Germany
- European Society of Cardiology and University Medical Center Utrecht; The Netherlands
| | - Maura O'Donovan
- Committee for Advanced Therapies (CAT); European Medicines Agency (EMA); Langen Germany
- Health Products Regulatory Authority; Dublin Ireland
| | | | - Marit Hystad
- Committee for Advanced Therapies (CAT); European Medicines Agency (EMA); Langen Germany
- Norwegian Medicines Agency; Oslo Norway
| | - Stefan Jovinge
- The DeVos Cardiovascular Research Program; Grand Rapids MI USA
| | - Ján Kyselovič
- Committee for Advanced Therapies (CAT); European Medicines Agency (EMA); Langen Germany
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Comenius University; Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Metoda Lipnik-Stangelj
- Committee for Advanced Therapies (CAT); European Medicines Agency (EMA); Langen Germany
- University of Ljubljana; Faculty of Medicine; Ljubljana Slovenia
| | - Romaldas Maciulaitis
- Committee for Advanced Therapies (CAT); European Medicines Agency (EMA); Langen Germany
- Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology; Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, and State Medicines Control Agency; Kaunas Lithuania
| | - Krishna Prasad
- MHRA; London UK
- Cardiovascular Working Party; European Medicines Agency (EMA)
| | - Anthony Samuel
- Committee for Advanced Therapies (CAT); European Medicines Agency (EMA); Langen Germany
- Mater Dei Hospital; Malta
| | - Olli Tenhunen
- Committee for Advanced Therapies (CAT); European Medicines Agency (EMA); Langen Germany
- Finnish Medicines Agency (Fimea); Helsinki Finland
| | | | - Giuseppe Rosano
- Cardiovascular Working Party; European Medicines Agency (EMA)
- St George's University of London; IRCCS San Raffaele Roma
| | | | - Paula Salmikangas
- Committee for Advanced Therapies (CAT); European Medicines Agency (EMA); Langen Germany
- Finnish Medicines Agency (Fimea); Helsinki Finland
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25
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Altamirano F, Wang ZV, Hill JA. Cardioprotection in ischaemia-reperfusion injury: novel mechanisms and clinical translation. J Physiol 2015; 593:3773-88. [PMID: 26173176 PMCID: PMC4575567 DOI: 10.1113/jp270953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, robust successes have been achieved in conquering the acutely lethal manifestations of heart disease. Nevertheless, the prevalence of heart disease, especially heart failure, continues to rise. Among the precipitating aetiologies, ischaemic disease is a leading cause of heart failure. In the context of ischaemia, the myocardium is deprived of oxygen and nutrients, which elicits a cascade of events that provokes cell death. This ischaemic insult is typically coupled with reperfusion, either spontaneous or therapeutically imposed, wherein blood supply is restored to the previously ischaemic tissue. While this intervention limits ischaemic injury, it triggers a new cascade of events that is also harmful, viz. reperfusion injury. In recent years, novel insights have emerged regarding mechanisms of ischaemia-reperfusion injury, and some hold promise as targets of therapeutic relevance. Here, we review a select number of these pathways, focusing on recent discoveries and highlighting prospects for therapeutic manipulation for clinical benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Altamirano
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Zhao V Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallas, TX, 75390, USA
| | - Joseph A Hill
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology), University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallas, TX, 75390, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallas, TX, 75390, USA
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26
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Ishikawa K. Response to Letter Regarding Article, "Intracoronary Injection of Large Stem Cells: Size Matters". Circ Cardiovasc Interv 2015; 8:e002855. [PMID: 26136422 DOI: 10.1161/circinterventions.115.002855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kiyotake Ishikawa
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
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27
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Kho C, Lee A, Jeong D, Oh JG, Gorski PA, Fish K, Sanchez R, DeVita RJ, Christensen G, Dahl R, Hajjar RJ. Small-molecule activation of SERCA2a SUMOylation for the treatment of heart failure. Nat Commun 2015; 6:7229. [PMID: 26068603 PMCID: PMC4467461 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms8229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Decreased activity and expression of the cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA2a), a critical pump regulating calcium cycling in cardiomyocyte, are hallmarks of heart failure. We have previously described a role for the small ubiquitin-like modifier type 1 (SUMO-1) as a regulator of SERCA2a and have shown that gene transfer of SUMO-1 in rodents and large animal models of heart failure restores cardiac function. Here, we identify and characterize a small molecule, N106, which increases SUMOylation of SERCA2a. This compound directly activates the SUMO-activating enzyme, E1 ligase, and triggers intrinsic SUMOylation of SERCA2a. We identify a pocket on SUMO E1 likely to be responsible for N106's effect. N106 treatment increases contractile properties of cultured rat cardiomyocytes and significantly improves ventricular function in mice with heart failure. This first-in-class small-molecule activator targeting SERCA2a SUMOylation may serve as a potential therapeutic strategy for treatment of heart failure. SUMOylation of the cardiac calcium pump SERCA2a affects its activity and promotes cardiomyocyte contractility. Here the authors identify a small molecule N106 that increases SERCA2 SUMOylation and improves heart function in mice, and propose a promising therapeutic strategy for treatment of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changwon Kho
- Department of Medicine/Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy place, Box 1030, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Ahyoung Lee
- Department of Medicine/Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy place, Box 1030, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Dongtak Jeong
- Department of Medicine/Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy place, Box 1030, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Jae Gyun Oh
- Department of Medicine/Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy place, Box 1030, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Przemek A Gorski
- Department of Medicine/Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy place, Box 1030, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Kenneth Fish
- Department of Medicine/Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy place, Box 1030, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Roberto Sanchez
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Robert J DeVita
- 1] Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA [2] Department of Pharmacology and System Therapeutics, Experimental Therapeutics Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, USA
| | - Geir Christensen
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital Ullevål and University of Oslo, Oslo 0450, Norway
| | - Russell Dahl
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, USA
| | - Roger J Hajjar
- Department of Medicine/Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, 1 Gustave L. Levy place, Box 1030, New York, New York 10029, USA
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