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Coronell-Tovar A, Pardo JP, Rodríguez-Romero A, Sosa-Peinado A, Vásquez-Bochm L, Cano-Sánchez P, Álvarez-Añorve LI, González-Andrade M. Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) function, structure, and inhibition strategies to develop antidiabetic drugs. FEBS Lett 2024; 598:1811-1838. [PMID: 38724486 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Tyrosine protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1 (PTP1B; also known as protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B) is a member of the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) family and is a soluble enzyme that plays an essential role in different physiological processes, including the regulation of metabolism, specifically in insulin and leptin sensitivity. PTP1B is crucial in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity. These biological functions have made PTP1B validated as an antidiabetic and anti-obesity, and potentially anticancer, molecular target. Four main approaches aim to inhibit PTP1B: orthosteric, allosteric, bidentate inhibition, and PTPN1 gene silencing. Developing a potent and selective PTP1B inhibitor is still challenging due to the enzyme's ubiquitous expression, subcellular location, and structural properties. This article reviews the main advances in the study of PTP1B since it was first isolated in 1988, as well as recent contextual information related to the PTP family to which this protein belongs. Furthermore, we offer an overview of the role of PTP1B in diabetes and obesity, and the challenges to developing selective, effective, potent, bioavailable, and cell-permeable compounds that can inhibit the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Coronell-Tovar
- Laboratorio de Biosensores y Modelaje molecular, Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Juan P Pardo
- Laboratorio de Biosensores y Modelaje molecular, Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | | | - Alejandro Sosa-Peinado
- Laboratorio de Biosensores y Modelaje molecular, Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Luz Vásquez-Bochm
- Laboratorio de Biosensores y Modelaje molecular, Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Patricia Cano-Sánchez
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Laura Iliana Álvarez-Añorve
- Laboratorio de Biosensores y Modelaje molecular, Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Martin González-Andrade
- Laboratorio de Biosensores y Modelaje molecular, Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
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Won H, Son MG, Pel P, Nhoek P, An CY, Kim YM, Chae HS, Chin YW. Chemical constituents from Morus alba with proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 expression and secretion inhibitory activity. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:2801-2808. [PMID: 36920451 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00225j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Six new flavanones, including sanggenol W (1), morusalnol D-F (2-4) and neovanone A and B (5 and6), and fourteen known compounds were isolated from the methanol extract of the dried root bark of Morus alba using various column chromatographic methods. Their structures were elucidated using spectroscopic methods. The isolated compounds were tested in vitro for LDLR, PCSK9 and IDOL mRNA regulatory activity, and it was found that betulinic acid (13) showed the most potent effect on downregulation of PCSK9 and upregulation of LDLR at both mRNA and protein levels, showing comparable results to berberine, the positive control. In addition, betulinic acid (13) inhibited PCSK9 secretion, indicating its role as a future PCSK9 synthesis inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongic Won
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Min-Gyung Son
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Pisey Pel
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Piseth Nhoek
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Chae-Yeong An
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young-Mi Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hee-Sung Chae
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Young-Won Chin
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
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Wu M, Liao W, Zhang R, Gao Y, Chen T, Hua L, Cai F. PTP1B Inhibitor Claramine Rescues Diabetes-Induced Spatial Learning and Memory Impairment in Mice. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:524-544. [PMID: 36319905 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03079-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating clinical and epidemiological studies indicate that learning and memory impairment is more prevalent among people with diabetes mellitus (DM). PTP1B is a member of protein tyrosine phosphatase family and participates in a variety of pathophysiological effects including inflammatory, insulin signaling pathway, and learning and memory. This study was aimed to investigate the effects of CA, a specific inhibitor of PTP1B, on spatial learning and memory impairment in diabetic mice caused by high-fat diet and injection of streptozotocin. We found that the protein expressions of PTP1B increased in hippocampal CA1, CA3, and PFC regions of diabetic mice. Network pharmacology results showed that PTP1B might be one of the key targets between diabetes and cognitive dysfunction, and CA might alleviate DM-induced cognitive dysfunction. Animal experiments showed that CA ameliorated DM-induced spatial learning and memory impairment, and improved glucose and lipid metabolic disorders. Moreover, administration of CA alleviated hippocampal structure damage and enhanced the expressions of synaptic proteins, including PSD-95, SYN-1, and SYP in diabetic mice. Furthermore, CA treatment not only significantly down-regulated the expressions of PTP1B and NLRP3 inflammatory related proteins (NLRP3, ASC, Caspase-1, COX-2, IL-1β, and TNF-α), but also significantly up-regulated the expressions of insulin signaling pathway-related proteins (p-IRS1, p-PI3K, p-AKT, and p-GSK-3β) in diabetic mice. Taken together, these results suggested that PTP1B might be a targeted strategy to rescue learning and memory deficits in DM, possibly through inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome and regulation of insulin signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyu Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437100, China
- Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437100, China
| | - Wenli Liao
- Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437100, China
| | - Ruyi Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437100, China
- Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437100, China
| | - Yuting Gao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437100, China
- Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437100, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437100, China
- Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437100, China
| | - Liangliang Hua
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437100, China
- Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437100, China
| | - Fei Cai
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437100, China.
- Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437100, China.
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Bai X, Fan W, Luo Y, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Liao X. Fast Screening of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B Inhibitor from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge by Cell Display-Based Ligand Fishing. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27227896. [PMID: 36431993 PMCID: PMC9693971 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Salvia miltiorrhiza Bge is a medicinal plant (Chinese name "Danshen") widely used for the treatment of hyperglycemia in traditional Chinese medicine. Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) has been recognized as a potential target for insulin sensitizing for the treatment of diabetes. In this work, PTP1B was displayed at the surface of E. coli cells (EC-PTP1B) to be used as a bait for fishing of the enzyme's inhibitors present in the aqueous extract of S. miltiorrhiza. Salvianolic acid B, a polyphenolic compound, was fished out by EC-PTP1B, which was found to inhibit PTP1B with an IC50 value of 23.35 µM. The inhibitory mechanism of salvianolic acid B was further investigated by enzyme kinetic experiments and molecular docking, indicating salvianolic acid B was a non-competitive inhibitor for PTP1B (with Ki and Kis values of 31.71 µM and 20.08 µM, respectively) and its binding energy was -7.89 kcal/mol. It is interesting that in the comparative work using a traditional ligand fishing bait of PTP1B-immobilized magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs-PTP1B), no ligands were extracted at all. This study not only discovered a new PTP1B inhibitor from S. miltiorrhiza which is significant to understand the chemical basis for the hypoglycemic activity of this plant, but also indicated the effectiveness of cell display-based ligand fishing in screening of active compounds from complex herbal extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Bai
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chengdu 610041, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenqin Fan
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chengdu 610041, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yingjie Luo
- Department of Molecular Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6000, Australia
| | - Yipei Liu
- Polus International College, Chengdu 610103, China
| | - Yongmei Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chengdu 610041, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (X.L.); Tel.: +86-28-82890756 (Y.Z.); +86-28-828290402 (X.L.)
| | - Xun Liao
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chengdu 610041, China
- Correspondence: (Y.Z.); (X.L.); Tel.: +86-28-82890756 (Y.Z.); +86-28-828290402 (X.L.)
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A Critical Review on Role of Available Synthetic Drugs and Phytochemicals in Insulin Resistance Treatment by Targeting PTP1B. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 194:4683-4701. [PMID: 35819691 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-022-04028-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Insulin resistance (IR) is a condition of impaired response of cells towards insulin. It is marked by excessive blood glucose, dysregulated insulin signalling, altered pathways, damaged pancreatic β-cells, metabolic disorders, etc. Chronic hyperglycemic conditions leads to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) which causes excess generation of highly reactive free radicals, causing oxidative stress, further leading to development and progression of complications like vascular dysfunction, damaged cellular proteins, and DNA. One of the causes for IR is dysregulation of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B). Advancements in drug therapeutics have helped people manage IR by regulating PTP1B, however have been reported to cause side effects. Therefore, there is a growing interest on usage of phytochemical constituents having IR therapeutic properties and aiding to minimize these complications. Medicinal plants have not been utilized to their full potential as a therapeutic drug due to lack of knowledge of their active and effective chemical constituents, mode of action, regulation of IR parameters, and dosage of administration. This review highlights phytochemical constituents present in medicinal plants or spices, their potential effectiveness on proteins (PTP1B) regulating IR, and reported possible mechanism of action studied on in vitro models. The study gives current knowledge and future recommendations on the above aspects and is expected to be beneficial in developing herbal drug using these phytochemical constituents, either alone or in combination, for medication of IR and diabetes.
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Recent Updates on Development of Protein-Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B Inhibitors for Treatment of Diabetes, Obesity and Related Disorders. Bioorg Chem 2022; 121:105626. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.105626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Memete AR, Timar AV, Vuscan AN, Miere (Groza) F, Venter AC, Vicas SI. Phytochemical Composition of Different Botanical Parts of Morus Species, Health Benefits and Application in Food Industry. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11020152. [PMID: 35050040 PMCID: PMC8777750 DOI: 10.3390/plants11020152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, mulberry has acquired a special importance due to its phytochemical composition and its beneficial effects on human health, including antioxidant, anticancer, antidiabetic and immunomodulatory effects. Botanical parts of Morus sp. (fruits, leaves, twigs, roots) are considered a rich source of secondary metabolites. The aim of our study was to highlight the phytochemical profile of each of the botanical parts of Morus tree, their health benefits and applications in food industry with an updated review of literature. Black and white mulberries are characterized in terms of predominant phenolic compounds in correlation with their medical applications. In addition to anthocyanins (mainly cyanidin-3-O-glucoside), black mulberry fruits also contain flavonols and phenolic acids. The leaves are a rich source of flavonols, including quercetin and kaempferol in the glycosylated forms and chlorogenic acid as predominant phenolic acids. Mulberry bark roots and twigs are a source of prenylated flavonoids, predominantly morusin. In this context, the exploitation of mulberry in food industry is reviewed in this paper, in terms of developing novel, functional food with multiple health-promoting effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Ramona Memete
- Doctoral School of Biomedical Science, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania;
| | - Adrian Vasile Timar
- Faculty of Environmental Protection, University of Oradea, 410048 Oradea, Romania; (A.V.T.); (A.N.V.)
| | - Adrian Nicolae Vuscan
- Faculty of Environmental Protection, University of Oradea, 410048 Oradea, Romania; (A.V.T.); (A.N.V.)
| | - Florina Miere (Groza)
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania; (F.M.); (A.C.V.)
| | - Alina Cristiana Venter
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410073 Oradea, Romania; (F.M.); (A.C.V.)
| | - Simona Ioana Vicas
- Faculty of Environmental Protection, University of Oradea, 410048 Oradea, Romania; (A.V.T.); (A.N.V.)
- Correspondence:
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Mata-Torres G, Andrade-Cetto A, Espinoza-Hernández F. Approaches to Decrease Hyperglycemia by Targeting Impaired Hepatic Glucose Homeostasis Using Medicinal Plants. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:809994. [PMID: 35002743 PMCID: PMC8733686 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.809994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver plays a pivotal role in maintaining blood glucose levels through complex processes which involve the disposal, storage, and endogenous production of this carbohydrate. Insulin is the hormone responsible for regulating hepatic glucose production and glucose storage as glycogen, thus abnormalities in its function lead to hyperglycemia in obese or diabetic patients because of higher production rates and lower capacity to store glucose. In this context, two different but complementary therapeutic approaches can be highlighted to avoid the hyperglycemia generated by the hepatic insulin resistance: 1) enhancing insulin function by inhibiting the protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B, one of the main enzymes that disrupt the insulin signal, and 2) direct regulation of key enzymes involved in hepatic glucose production and glycogen synthesis/breakdown. It is recognized that medicinal plants are a valuable source of molecules with special properties and a wide range of scaffolds that can improve hepatic glucose metabolism. Some molecules, especially phenolic compounds and terpenoids, exhibit a powerful inhibitory capacity on protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B and decrease the expression or activity of the key enzymes involved in the gluconeogenic pathway, such as phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase or glucose 6-phosphatase. This review shed light on the progress made in the past 7 years in medicinal plants capable of improving hepatic glucose homeostasis through the two proposed approaches. We suggest that Coreopsis tinctoria, Lithocarpus polystachyus, and Panax ginseng can be good candidates for developing herbal medicines or phytomedicines that target inhibition of hepatic glucose output as they can modulate the activity of PTP-1B, the expression of gluconeogenic enzymes, and the glycogen content.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adolfo Andrade-Cetto
- Laboratorio de Etnofarmacología, Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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Phong NV, Oanh VT, Yang SY, Choi JS, Min BS, Kim JA. PTP1B inhibition studies of biological active phloroglucinols from the rhizomes of Dryopteris crassirhizoma: Kinetic properties and molecular docking simulation. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 188:719-728. [PMID: 34416263 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.08.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
By various chromatographic methods, 30 phloroglucinols (1-30) were isolated from a methanol extract of Dryopteris crassirhizoma, including two new dimeric phloroglucinols (13 and 25). The structures of the isolates were confirmed by HR-MS, 1D, and 2D NMR as well as by comparison with the literature. The protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) effects of the isolated compounds (1-30) were evaluated using sodium orthovanadate and ursolic acid as a positive control. Among them, trimeric phloroglucinols 26-28 significantly exhibited the PTP1B inhibitory effects with the IC50 values of 1.19 ± 0.13, 1.00 ± 0.04, 1.23 ± 0.05 μM, respectively. In addition, the kinetic analysis revealed compounds 26-28 acted as competitive inhibitors against PTP1B enzyme with Ki values of 0.63, 0.61, 1.57 μM, respectively. Molecular docking simulations were performed to demonstrate that these active compounds can bind with the catalytic sites of PTP1B with negative binding energies and the results are in accordance with that of the kinetic studies. In vitro and in silico results suggest that D. crassirhizoma rhizomes together with compounds 26-28 are potential candidates for treating type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Viet Phong
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; Vessel-Organ Interaction Research Center, VOICE (MRC), College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Vu Thi Oanh
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; Vessel-Organ Interaction Research Center, VOICE (MRC), College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Young Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Sangji University, Wonju 26339, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Sue Choi
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Sun Min
- College of Pharmacy, Drug Research and Development Center, Catholic University of Daegu, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Ah Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; Vessel-Organ Interaction Research Center, VOICE (MRC), College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
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Begum N, Nasir A, Parveen Z, Muhammad T, Ahmed A, Farman S, Jamila N, Shah M, Bibi NS, Khurshid A, Huma Z, Khalil AAK, Albrakati A, Batiha GES. Evaluation of the Hypoglycemic Activity of Morchella conica by Targeting Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase 1B. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:661803. [PMID: 34093192 PMCID: PMC8173442 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.661803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Morchella conica (M. conica) Pers. is one of six wild edible mushrooms that are widely used by Asian and European countries for their nutritional value. The present study assessed the anti-diabetic potential of M. conica methanolic extract (100 mg/kg body weight) on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. STZ was used in a single dose of 65 mg/kg to establish diabetic models. Body weights, water/food intake and fasting blood glucose levels were measured. Histopathological analysis of the pancreas and liver were performed to evaluate STZ-induced tissue injuries. In addition, in vitro assays such as α-amylase and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) inhibitory, antiglycation, antioxidant and cytotoxicity were performed. The in vitro study indicated potent PTP1B inhibitory potential of M. conica with an IC50 value of 26.5 μg/ml as compared to the positive control, oleanolic acid (IC50 36.2 μg/ml). In vivo investigation showed a gradual decrease in blood sugar level in M. conica-treated mice (132 mg/dl) at a concentration of 100 mg/kg as compared to diabetic mice (346 mg/dl). The extract positively improved liver and kidney damages as were shown by their serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, serum glutamic oxaloacetate, alkaline phosphatase, serum creatinine and urea levels. Histopathological analysis revealed slight liver and pancreas improvement of mice treated with extract. Cytotoxicity assays displayed lower IC50 values. Based on the present results of the study, it may be inferred that M. conica are rich in bioactive compounds responsible for antidiabetic activity and this mushroom may be a potential source of antidiabetic drug. However, further studies are required in terms of isolation of bioactive compounds to validate the observed results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naeema Begum
- Department of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Nasir
- Department of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan.,Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Zahida Parveen
- Department of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Taj Muhammad
- Department of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Asma Ahmed
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), The University of Lahor, Lahor, Pakistan
| | - Saira Farman
- Department of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Nargis Jamila
- Department of Chemistry, Shaheed Benazir Women University of Science and Technology Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Mohib Shah
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Noor Shad Bibi
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Akif Khurshid
- Department of Biochemistry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Zille Huma
- Department of Botany, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, Pakistan
| | - Atif Ali Khan Khalil
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Ashraf Albrakati
- Department of Human Anatomy, College of Medicine, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
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