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Wang D, Yin GH. Non-coding RNAs mediated inflammation in breast cancers. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2024; 154:215-220. [PMID: 37244867 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2023.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the major cancer that affects women all over the world. The awareness over past several decades has led to intensive screening and detection as well as successful treatments. Still, the breast cancer mortality is unacceptable and needs to be urgently addressed. Among many factors, inflammation has often been associated with tumorigenesis, including breast cancer. More than a third of all breast cancer deaths are marked by deregulated inflammation. The exact mechanisms are still not completely known but among the many putative factors, the epigenetic changes, particularly those mediated by non-coding RNAs are fascinating. microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs as well as circular RNAs seem to impact the inflammation in breast cancer which further highlights their important regulatory role in breast cancer pathogenesis. Understanding inflammation in breast cancer and its regulation by non-coding RNAs is the primary objective of this review article. We attempt to provide the most complete information on the topic in hopes of opening new areas of research and discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, China
| | - Guang-Hao Yin
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, China.
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Prasad Panda S, Kesharwani A, Prasanna Mallick S, Prasanth D, Kumar Pasala P, Bharadwaj Tatipamula V. Viral-induced neuronal necroptosis: Detrimental to brain function and regulation by necroptosis inhibitors. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 213:115591. [PMID: 37196683 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Neuronal necroptosis (programmed necrosis) in the CNS naturally occurs through a caspase-independent way and, especially in neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parknson's disease (PD), Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) and viral infections. Understanding necroptosis pathways (death receptor-dependent and independent), and its connections with other cell death pathways could lead to new insights into treatment. Receptor-interacting protein kinase (RIPK) mediates necroptosis via mixed-lineage kinase-like (MLKL) proteins. RIPK/MLKL necrosome contains FADD, procaspase-8-cellular FLICE-inhibitory proteins (cFLIPs), RIPK1/RIPK3, and MLKL. The necrotic stimuli cause phosphorylation of MLKL and translocate to the plasma membrane, causing an influx of Ca2+ and Na+ ions and, the immediate opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP) with the release of inflammatory cell damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) like mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), high-mobility group box1 (HMGB1), and interleukin1 (IL-1). The MLKL translocates to the nucleus to induce transcription of the NLRP3 inflammasome complex elements. MLKL-induced NLRP3 activity causes caspase-1 cleavage and, IL-1 activation which promotes neuroinflammation. RIPK1-dependent transcription increases illness-associated microglial and lysosomal abnormalities to facilitate amyloid plaque (Aβ) aggregation in AD. Recent research has linked neuroinflammation and mitochondrial fission with necroptosis. MicroRNAs (miRs) such as miR512-3p, miR874, miR499, miR155, and miR128a regulate neuronal necroptosis by targeting key components of necroptotic pathways. Necroptosis inhibitors act by inhibiting the membrane translocation of MLKL and RIPK1 activity. This review insights into the RIPK/MLKL necrosome-NLRP3 inflammasome interactions during death receptor-dependent and independent neuronal necroptosis, and clinical intervention by miRs to protect the brain from NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siva Prasad Panda
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Adarsh Kesharwani
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sarada Prasanna Mallick
- Department of Biotechnology, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Guntur, Andhrapradesh, India
| | - Dsnbk Prasanth
- Department of Pharmacognosy, KVSR Siddhartha College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vijayawada, AP, India
| | | | - Vinay Bharadwaj Tatipamula
- Center for Molecular Biology, College of Medicine and Pharmacy, Duy Tan University, Danang 550000, Viet Nam
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Zhao S, Pan T, Deng J, Cao L, Vicencio JM, Liu J, Zhou G, Ng T, Zhang J. Exosomal transfer of miR-181b-5p confers senescence-mediated doxorubicin resistance via modulating BCLAF1 in breast cancer. Br J Cancer 2023; 128:665-677. [PMID: 36522479 PMCID: PMC9938221 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-022-02077-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Doxorubicin resistance represents a major clinical challenge for treating patients with advanced breast cancer (BC). Exosomes, exchanging genetic cargo between heterogeneous populations of tumour cells, have been proposed to mediate drug resistance and cancer progression in other cancer types. However, their specific role in mediating doxorubicin resistance in BC remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate the important role of exosomal miR-181b-5p (exo-miR-181b-5p) in mediating doxorubicin resistance. METHODS Small-RNA sequencing and bioinformatic analyses were used to screen miRNAs mediating doxorubicin resistance in BC, which were further verified by RT-qPCR. SA-β-gal staining assays allowed us to measure cellular senescence. Exosomes from patients' serum before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy were isolated for exo-miR-181b-5p quantification. RESULTS Doxorubicin-resistant BC cell lines exhibited upregulated exosomal miR-181b-5p. Addition of exo-miR-181b-5p actively fused with recipient cells and transferred a drug-resistant phenotype. Overexpression of miR-181b-5p downregulated p53/p21 levels and inhibited doxorubicin-induced G1 arrest and senescence by suppressing BCLAF1 expression in vitro. Further, in vivo experiments showed treatment of exo-miR-181b-5p inhibitors exhibited superior tumour control and reversed the doxorubicin-resistance phenotype, accompanied with increased tumoral BCLAF1. CONCLUSION Our data suggests exo-miR-181b-5p as a prognostic biomarker and a therapeutic potential for exo-miR-181b-5p inhibitors in the treatment of doxorubicin-resistant BC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaorong Zhao
- The 3rd Department of Breast Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Teng Pan
- The 3rd Department of Breast Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Jinhai Deng
- Richard Dimbleby Laboratory of Cancer Research, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Lixia Cao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Neurovascular Regulation, Medical College of Nankai University, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Jose M Vicencio
- Richard Dimbleby Laboratory of Cancer Research, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- Cancer Institute, Paul O'Gorman Building, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jingjing Liu
- The 3rd Department of Breast Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Guanglin Zhou
- The 3rd Department of Breast Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Tony Ng
- Richard Dimbleby Laboratory of Cancer Research, School of Cancer & Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- Cancer Institute, Paul O'Gorman Building, University College London, London, UK
- Cancer Research UK City of London Centre, London, England
| | - Jin Zhang
- The 3rd Department of Breast Cancer, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin, Tianjin's Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Key Laboratory of Breast Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China.
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Breast cancer tumor microenvironment affects Treg/IL-17-producing Treg/Th17 cell axis: Molecular and therapeutic perspectives. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2023; 28:132-157. [PMID: 36816749 PMCID: PMC9922830 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) comprises a variety of immune cells, among which T cells exert a prominent axial role in tumor development or anti-tumor responses in patients with breast cancer (BC). High or low levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as transforming growth factor β, in the absence or presence of proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-6 (IL-6), delineate the fate of T cells toward either regulatory T (Treg) or T helper 17 (Th17) cells, respectively. The transitional state of RORγt+Foxp3+ Treg (IL-17-producing Treg) resides in the middle of this reciprocal polarization, which is known as Treg/IL-17-producing Treg/Th17 cell axis. TME secretome, including microRNAs, cytokines, and extracellular vesicles, can significantly affect this axis. Furthermore, immune checkpoint inhibitors may be used to reconstruct immune cells; however, some of these novel therapies may favor tumor development. Therefore, understanding secretory and cell-associated factors involved in their differentiation or polarization and functions may be targeted for BC management. This review discusses microRNAs, cytokines, and extracellular vesicles (as secretome), as well as transcription factors and immune checkpoints (as cell-associated factors), which influence the Treg/IL-17-producing Treg/Th17 cell axis in BC. Furthermore, approved or ongoing clinical trials related to the modulation of this axis in the TME of BC are described to broaden new horizons of promising therapeutic approaches.
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Hosseini F, Shanehbandi D, Soleimanpour J, Yousefi B, Alemi F. Melatonin Increases the Sensitivity of Osteosarcoma Cells to
Chemotherapy Drug Cisplatin. Drug Res (Stuttg) 2022; 72:312-318. [DOI: 10.1055/a-1830-8716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
AbstractChemotherapy, which is one of the common treatments for osteosarcoma (OS), has
many side effects and in some cases has low effectiveness due to
chemoresistance, hence it is vital to study new therapies for OS. In this
regard, we combined melatonin with cisplatin and evaluate their effect on MG63
OS cells. Since melatonin has anti-cancer properties, we hypothesized that its
combination with cisplatin could increase the effectiveness of cisplatin.
Firstly, MTT assay was used to evaluate the cell viability and cytotoxicity of
cisplatin on MG63 cells and the results showed that melatonin in combination
with cisplatin increases the sensitivity of MG63 cells to cisplatin. In
addition, qRT-PCR results showed that the expressions of miR-181 and P53, CYLD,
CBX7 and BCL2 genes change in MG63 cells after treatment with the combination of
cisplatin and melatonin, so that the expression of P53, CYLD and CBX7 increased
and the expression of BCL2 and miR-181b decreases significantly. Furthermore,
analysis of Annexin V/FITC assay data revealed that the rate of
apoptosis in MG63 OS cell line remarkably promoted after treated with cisplatin
and melatonin combination. As a result, our findings show that melatonin in
combination with cisplatin increases the effectiveness of cisplatin in
osteosarcoma cells and this study provides a new therapeutic approach for
OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Foroogh Hosseini
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of
Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Dariush Shanehbandi
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical
Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jafar Soleimanpour
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, Shohada Teaching Hospital, Tabriz
University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of
Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Forough Alemi
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of
Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Lin Z, Tang X, Wang L, Ling L. Prognostic and clinicopathological value of circPVT1 in human cancers: A meta-analysis. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2021; 4:e1385. [PMID: 33793089 PMCID: PMC8551984 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circular RNA PVT1 (circPVT1) is significantly upregulated in various human cancers and is related to poor clinical outcome of cancer patients. However, the prognostic and clinicopathological value of circPVT1 in diverse human cancers remains controversial and inconclusive. AIM The objective of our study is to evaluate the prognostic and clinicopathological role of circPVT1 for cancer patients. METHODS AND RESULTS PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library were searched for eligible studies by October 1, 2020. The correlation between circPVT1 expression, and overall survival (OS) and clinical parameters was assessed by pooled hazard ratios (HRs) and odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Subgroup analyses, heterogeneity, and publication bias were conducted to further enhance reliability. Twelve studies (1282 patients) were selected for this meta-analysis, including 11 on prognosis and 10 on clinicopathological parameters. Elevated expression of circPVT1 was associated with a worse OS in cancer patients (HR, 2.009; 95% CI, 1.667-2.408, 1.892; P < .001). For clinicopathological value, upregulation of circPVT1 was closely related to poor clinical parameters lymph node metastasis (OR = 2.019; 95% CI, 1.026-3.976; P = .042; I2 = 77.5%; PH = 0.000), late clinical stage (OR = 3.594; 95% CI, 1.828-7.065; P < .001; I2 = 71.7%; PH = 0.001), distant metastasis (OR = 4.598; 95% CI, 1.411-14.988; P = .011; I2 = 78.1%; PH = 0.001), and chemoresistant (OR = 6.400; 95% CI, 2.107-19.441; P = .001; I2 = 49.6%; PH = 0.159). CONCLUSION High expression of circPVT1 is correlated with unfavorable prognosis of cancer patients, indicating that circPVT1 can function as a potential prognostic biomarker in human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengjun Lin
- Department of OrthopedicsThe Second Xiangya Hospital Central South UniversityChangshaChina
- Xiangya School of MedicineCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Xianzhe Tang
- Department of OrthopedicsChenzhou No.1 people's HospitalChenzhouChina
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of OrthopedicsThe Second Xiangya Hospital Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Lin Ling
- Department of OrthopedicsThe Second Xiangya Hospital Central South UniversityChangshaChina
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Qin Y, Zheng Y, Huang C, Li Y, Gu M, Wu Q. Downregulation of miR-181b-5p Inhibits the Viability, Migration, and Glycolysis of Gallbladder Cancer by Upregulating PDHX Under Hypoxia. Front Oncol 2021; 11:683725. [PMID: 34485121 PMCID: PMC8415503 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.683725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is a malignant cancer with poor prognosis. Evidences have shown that miRNAs are closely related to the occurrence of GBC; thus, we aimed to explore miRNAs, which plays an important role in the occurrence and development of GBC. Methods Microarray analysis was performed to investigate the differentially expressed miRNAs between five non-neoplastic gallbladder tissues (normal tissues) and five gallbladder tumor tissues (tumor tissues). RT-qPCR was performed to detect the level of miR-181b-5p in cells, and CCK-8 was performed to detect cell viability. Then, glucose assay kit or lactic acid assay kit was performed to detect the level of glucose consumption or lactate production. Next, transwell and wound healing assays were used to assess cell migration. In addition, dual-luciferase reporter assay was used to verify the relationship between miR-181b-5p and PDHX. At last, Western blotting was performed to determine the protein level of PDHX. Results Microarray analysis suggested miR-181b-5p was significantly upregulated in GBC tumor tissue. KEGG analysis for the protein targets of miR-181b-5p indicates a close relationship existed between miR-181b-5p and glycolysis. In addition, the level of miR-181b-5p was notably increased in GBC-SD or G415 cells, compared with HIBEpiC cells. GBC cell viability was significantly decreased under hypoxia, and these decreases were exacerbated by miR-181b-5p antagomir. Moreover, glucose consumption or lactate production of GBC cells was significantly upregulated under hypoxia, whereas these increases were completely revered by miR-181b-5p antagomir. Further investigation revealed that PDHX was a direct target of miR-181b-5p. Conclusion In this study, downregulation of miR-181b-5p inhibits the viability, migration, and glycolysis of GBC by upregulating PDHX under hypoxia. This finding suggested that miR-181b-5p might be considered as a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of GBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyu Qin
- Clinical Medical College, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng, China
| | - Yongliang Zheng
- Rehabilitation College, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- Clinical Medical College, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Clinical Medical College, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng, China
| | - Min Gu
- Clinical Medical College, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng, China
| | - Qin Wu
- Clinical Medical College, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng, China
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Ahmed SH, Espinoza-Sánchez NA, El-Damen A, Fahim SA, Badawy MA, Greve B, El-Shinawi M, Götte M, Ibrahim SA. Small extracellular vesicle-encapsulated miR-181b-5p, miR-222-3p and let-7a-5p: Next generation plasma biopsy-based diagnostic biomarkers for inflammatory breast cancer. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0250642. [PMID: 33901254 PMCID: PMC8075236 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is a rare, but aggressive entity of breast carcinoma with rapid dermal lymphatic invasion in young females. It is either poorly or misdiagnosed as mastitis because of the absence of a distinct lump. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) circulating in liquid biopsies are a novel class of minimally invasive diagnostic alternative to invasive tissue biopsies. They modulate cancer progression via shuttling their encapsulated cargo including microRNAs (miRNAs) into recipient cells to either trigger signaling or induce malignant transformation of targeted cells. Plasma sEVs < 200 nm were isolated using a modified cost-effective polyethylene glycol (PEG)-based precipitation method and compared to standard methods, namely ultracentrifugation and a commercial kit, where the successful isolation was verified by different approaches. We evaluated the expression levels of selected sEV-derived miR-181b-5p, miR-222-3p and let-7a-5p using quantitative real PCR (qPCR). Relative to non-IBC, our qPCR data showed that sEV-derived miR-181b-5p and miR-222-3p were significantly upregulated, whereas let-7a-5p was downregulated in IBC patients. Interestingly, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves analysis revealed that diagnostic accuracy of let-7a-5p alone was the highest for IBC with an area under curve (AUC) value of 0.9188, and when combined with miR-222-3p the AUC was improved to 0.973. Further, 38 hub genes were identified using bioinformatics analysis. Together, circulating sEV-derived miR-181b-5p, miR-222-3p and let-7a-5p serve as promising non-invasive diagnostic biomarkers for IBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Hamdy Ahmed
- Biotechnology/Biomolecular Chemistry Program, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Nancy A Espinoza-Sánchez
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany.,Department of Radiotherapy-Radiooncology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Ahmed El-Damen
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Sarah Atef Fahim
- Biochemistry Program, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Badawy
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Burkhard Greve
- Department of Radiotherapy-Radiooncology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Mohamed El-Shinawi
- Galala University, Suez, Egypt.,Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Martin Götte
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany
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Jang JH, Lee TJ. The role of microRNAs in cell death pathways. Yeungnam Univ J Med 2021; 38:107-117. [PMID: 33435638 PMCID: PMC8016624 DOI: 10.12701/yujm.2020.00836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of noncoding RNAs that negatively regulate target messenger RNAs. In multicellular eukaryotes, numerous miRNAs perform basic cellular functions, including cell proliferation, differentiation, and death. Abnormal expression of miRNAs weakens or modifies various apoptosis pathways, leading to the development of human cancer. Cell death occurs in an active manner that maintains tissue homeostasis and eliminates potentially harmful cells through regulated cell death processes, including apoptosis, autophagic cell death, and necroptosis. In this review, we discuss the involvement of miRNAs in regulating cell death pathways in cancers and the potential therapeutic functions of miRNAs in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hoon Jang
- Department of Anatomy, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Tae-Jin Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
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