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Cheviet A, Masselink J, Koun E, Salemme R, Lappe M, Froment-Tilikete C, Pélisson D. Cerebellar Signals Drive Motor Adjustments and Visual Perceptual Changes during Forward and Backward Adaptation of Reactive Saccades. Cereb Cortex 2022; 32:3896-3916. [PMID: 34979550 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Saccadic adaptation ($SA$) is a cerebellar-dependent learning of motor commands ($MC$), which aims at preserving saccade accuracy. Since $SA$ alters visual localization during fixation and even more so across saccades, it could also involve changes of target and/or saccade visuospatial representations, the latter ($CDv$) resulting from a motor-to-visual transformation (forward dynamics model) of the corollary discharge of the $MC$. In the present study, we investigated if, in addition to its established role in adaptive adjustment of $MC$, the cerebellum could contribute to the adaptation-associated perceptual changes. Transfer of backward and forward adaptation to spatial perceptual performance (during ocular fixation and trans-saccadically) was assessed in eight cerebellar patients and eight healthy volunteers. In healthy participants, both types of $SA$ altered $MC$ as well as internal representations of the saccade target and of the saccadic eye displacement. In patients, adaptation-related adjustments of $MC$ and adaptation transfer to localization were strongly reduced relative to healthy participants, unraveling abnormal adaptation-related changes of target and $CDv$. Importantly, the estimated changes of $CDv$ were totally abolished following forward session but mainly preserved in backward session, suggesting that an internal model ensuring trans-saccadic localization could be located in the adaptation-related cerebellar networks or in downstream networks, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Cheviet
- IMPACT Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR 5292, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Bron cedex 69676, France
| | - Jana Masselink
- Institute for Psychology and Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Muenster, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Eric Koun
- IMPACT Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR 5292, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Bron cedex 69676, France
| | - Roméo Salemme
- IMPACT Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR 5292, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Bron cedex 69676, France
| | - Markus Lappe
- Institute for Psychology and Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Muenster, Münster 48149, Germany
| | - Caroline Froment-Tilikete
- IMPACT Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR 5292, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Bron cedex 69676, France.,Hospices Civils de Lyon - Pierre-Wertheimer Hospital, Neuro-Ophtalmology unit, Bron cedex 69500, France
| | - Denis Pélisson
- IMPACT Team, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR 5292, University Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Bron cedex 69676, France
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2
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Samuelsson JG, Sundaram P, Khan S, Sereno MI, Hämäläinen MS. Detectability of cerebellar activity with magnetoencephalography and electroencephalography. Hum Brain Mapp 2020; 41:2357-2372. [PMID: 32115870 PMCID: PMC7244390 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 12/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrophysiological signals from the cerebellum have traditionally been viewed as inaccessible to magnetoencephalography (MEG) and electroencephalography (EEG). Here, we challenge this position by investigating the ability of MEG and EEG to detect cerebellar activity using a model that employs a high‐resolution tessellation of the cerebellar cortex. The tessellation was constructed from repetitive high‐field (9.4T) structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of an ex vivo human cerebellum. A boundary‐element forward model was then used to simulate the M/EEG signals resulting from neural activity in the cerebellar cortex. Despite significant signal cancelation due to the highly convoluted cerebellar cortex, we found that the cerebellar signal was on average only 30–60% weaker than the cortical signal. We also made detailed M/EEG sensitivity maps and found that MEG and EEG have highly complementary sensitivity distributions over the cerebellar cortex. Based on previous fMRI studies combined with our M/EEG sensitivity maps, we discuss experimental paradigms that are likely to offer high M/EEG sensitivity to cerebellar activity. Taken together, these results show that cerebellar activity should be clearly detectable by current M/EEG systems with an appropriate experimental setup.
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Affiliation(s)
- John G Samuelsson
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology (HST), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Padmavathi Sundaram
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Sheraz Khan
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Martin I Sereno
- Department of Psychology and Neuroimaging Center, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, USA.,Experimental Psychology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Matti S Hämäläinen
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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3
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The role of the cerebellum for feedback processing and behavioral switching in a reversal-learning task. Brain Cogn 2018; 125:142-148. [PMID: 29990704 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have reported cerebellar activations during error and reward processing. The present study investigated if the cerebellum differentially processes feedback depending on changes in response strategy during reversal learning, as is conceivable given its internal models for movement and thought. Negative relative to positive feedback in an fMRI-based reversal learning task was hypothesized to be associated with increased cerebellar activations. Moreover, increased activations were expected for negative feedback followed by a change in response strategy compared to negative feedback not followed by such a change, and for first positive feedback after compared to final negative feedback before a change, due to updating of internal models. As predicted, activation in lobules VI and VIIa/Crus I was increased for negative relative to positive feedback, and for final negative feedback before a change in response strategy relative to negative feedback not associated with a change. Moreover, activation was increased for first positive feedback after relative to final negative feedback before a change. These findings are consistent with updating of cerebellar internal models to accommodate new behavioral strategies. Recruitment of posterior regions in reversal learning is in line with the cerebellar functional topography, with posterior regions involved in complex motor and cognitive functions.
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Reichert JL, Chocholous M, Leiss U, Pletschko T, Kasprian G, Furtner J, Kollndorfer K, Krajnik J, Slavc I, Prayer D, Czech T, Schöpf V, Dorfer C. Neuronal correlates of cognitive function in patients with childhood cerebellar tumor lesions. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180200. [PMID: 28692686 PMCID: PMC5503240 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
While it has been shown that cerebellar tumor lesions have an impact on cognitive functions, the extent to which they shape distant neuronal pathways is still largely undescribed. Thus, the present neuroimaging study was designed to investigate different aspects of cognitive function and their neuronal correlates in patients after childhood cerebellar tumor surgery. An alertness task, a working memory task and an incompatibility task were performed by 11 patients after childhood cerebellar tumor surgery and 17 healthy controls. Neuronal correlates as reflected by alterations in functional networks during tasks were assessed using group independent component analysis. We were able to identify eight networks involved during task performance: default mode network, precuneus, anterior salience network, executive control network, visual network, auditory and sensorimotor network and a cerebellar network. For the most ‘basic’ cognitive tasks, a weaker task-modulation of default mode network, left executive control network and the cerebellar network was observed in patients compared to controls. Results for higher-order tasks are in line with a partial restoration of networks responsible for higher-order task execution. Our results provide tentative evidence that the synchronicity of brain activity in patients was at least partially restored in the course of neuroplastic reorganization, particularly for networks related to higher-order cognitive processes. The complex activation patterns underline the importance of testing several cognitive functions to assess the specificity of cognitive deficits and neuronal reorganization processes after brain lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna L. Reichert
- Institute of Psychology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed, Graz, Austria
| | - Monika Chocholous
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Cancer Center–CNS Tumors Unit (CCC-CNS), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ulrike Leiss
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Cancer Center–CNS Tumors Unit (CCC-CNS), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Pletschko
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Cancer Center–CNS Tumors Unit (CCC-CNS), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gregor Kasprian
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Furtner
- Comprehensive Cancer Center–CNS Tumors Unit (CCC-CNS), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kathrin Kollndorfer
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jacqueline Krajnik
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Irene Slavc
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Cancer Center–CNS Tumors Unit (CCC-CNS), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniela Prayer
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Czech
- Comprehensive Cancer Center–CNS Tumors Unit (CCC-CNS), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Veronika Schöpf
- Institute of Psychology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed, Graz, Austria
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Dorfer
- Comprehensive Cancer Center–CNS Tumors Unit (CCC-CNS), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- * E-mail:
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5
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Peterburs J, Desmond JE. The role of the human cerebellum in performance monitoring. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2016; 40:38-44. [PMID: 27372055 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2016.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
While the cerebellum has traditionally been thought of as mainly involved in motor functions, evidence has been accumulating for cerebellar contributions also to non-motor, cognitive functions. The notion of a cerebellar internal model underlying prediction and processing of sensory events and coordination and fine-tuning of appropriate responses has put the cerebellum right at the interface of motor behavior and cognition. Along these lines, the cerebellum may critically contribute to performance monitoring, a set of cognitive and affective functions underlying adaptive behavior. This review presents and integrates evidence from recent neuroimaging and clinical studies for a cerebellar role in performance monitoring with focus on sensory prediction, error and conflict processing, response inhibition, and feedback learning. Together with evidence for involvement in articulatory monitoring during working memory, these findings suggest monitoring as the cerebellum's overarching function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jutta Peterburs
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 52, 48149 Münster, Germany; Department of Neurology, Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - John E Desmond
- Department of Neurology, Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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6
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Striemer CL, Cantelmi D, Cusimano MD, Danckert JA, Schweizer TA. Deficits in reflexive covert attention following cerebellar injury. Front Hum Neurosci 2015; 9:428. [PMID: 26300756 PMCID: PMC4523795 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2015.00428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditionally the cerebellum has been known for its important role in coordinating motor output. Over the past 15 years numerous studies have indicated that the cerebellum plays a role in a variety of cognitive functions including working memory, language, perceptual functions, and emotion. In addition, recent work suggests that regions of the cerebellum involved in eye movements also play a role in controlling covert visual attention. Here we investigated whether regions of the cerebellum that are not strictly tied to the control of eye movements might also contribute to covert attention. To address this question we examined the effects of circumscribed cerebellar lesions on reflexive covert attention in a group of patients (n = 11) without any gross motor or oculomotor deficits, and compared their performance to a group of age-matched controls (n = 11). Results indicated that the traditional RT advantage for validly cued targets was significantly smaller at the shortest (50 ms) SOA for cerebellar patients compared to controls. Critically, a lesion overlap analysis indicated that this deficit in the rapid deployment of attention was linked to damage in Crus I and Crus II of the lateral cerebellum. Importantly, both cerebellar regions have connections to non-motor regions of the prefrontal and posterior parietal cortices—regions important for controlling visuospatial attention. Together, these data provide converging evidence that both lateral and midline regions of the cerebellum play an important role in the control of reflexive covert visual attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher L Striemer
- Department of Psychology, MacEwan University Edmonton, AB, Canada ; Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta Edmonton, AB, Canada ; Glenrose Rehabilitation Hospital Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - David Cantelmi
- Division of Neurosurgery, St. Michael's Hospital Toronto, ON, Canada ; Division of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael D Cusimano
- Division of Neurosurgery, St. Michael's Hospital Toronto, ON, Canada ; Division of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto Toronto, ON, Canada ; Keenan Research Centre, St. Michael's Hospital Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - James A Danckert
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Tom A Schweizer
- Division of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto Toronto, ON, Canada ; Keenan Research Centre, St. Michael's Hospital Toronto, ON, Canada
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7
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Peterburs J, Thürling M, Rustemeier M, Göricke S, Suchan B, Timmann D, Bellebaum C. A cerebellar role in performance monitoring - evidence from EEG and voxel-based morphometry in patients with cerebellar degenerative disease. Neuropsychologia 2015; 68:139-47. [PMID: 25592368 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The cerebellum applies an internal forward-model to predict the sensory consequences of actions. This forward-model is updated based on on-line performance monitoring. A previous study has shown that performance monitoring is altered in patients with focal vascular cerebellar lesions, but altered neural responses are not paralleled by impaired behaviour, and the critical cerebellar sites have yet to be identified. The present study investigated if saccadic performance monitoring is more severely altered in patients with cerebellar degenerative disease relative to the previously examined patients with focal vascular cerebellar lesions, and which cerebellar regions support performance monitoring. 16 patients and 16 healthy controls performed an antisaccade task while an electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded. Error rates were increased, and the error-related negativity (ERN), an event-related potential (ERP) component associated with error processing/performance monitoring, was reduced while the error positivity (Pe), a later ERP component related to more conscious aspects of error processing, was preserved in patients. Thus, performance monitoring is altered in patients with cerebellar degeneration, confirming a critical role of the cerebellum for fast classification of saccadic accuracy. In contrast to patients with focal lesions, post-acute functional reorganization and compensation presumably is hampered by disease progression, resulting in altered neural processing and impaired behavioural performance. Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) indicated the strongest effects for behavioural performance, with correlations between gray matter volume reduction in bilateral posterolateral regions (left Crus II and right lobule VI) and increased error rates. Moreover, somewhat smaller correlations were found for volume loss in left lobule VIIb/VIIIa and right lobule V and ERN amplitude, and in right Crus I and Pe amplitude. The present findings are consistent with involvement of posterolateral cerebellar regions in motor and cognitive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jutta Peterburs
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 52, 48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Markus Thürling
- Department of Neurology, University Clinic Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany; Erwin L. Hahn Institute for Magnetic Resonance Imaging, University of Duisburg-Essen, Kokereiallee 7, 45141 Essen, Germany
| | - Martina Rustemeier
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Neuropsychology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Sophia Göricke
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Clinic Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Boris Suchan
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, Neuropsychology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Universitätsstraße 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Dagmar Timmann
- Department of Neurology, University Clinic Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - Christian Bellebaum
- Institute of Experimental Psychology, Biological Psychology, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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8
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Nguyen HM, Matsumoto J, Tran AH, Ono T, Nishijo H. sLORETA current source density analysis of evoked potentials for spatial updating in a virtual navigation task. Front Behav Neurosci 2014; 8:66. [PMID: 24624067 PMCID: PMC3941310 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 02/16/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have reported that multiple brain regions are activated during spatial navigation. However, it is unclear whether these activated brain regions are specifically associated with spatial updating or whether some regions are recruited for parallel cognitive processes. The present study aimed to localize current sources of event related potentials (ERPs) associated with spatial updating specifically. In the control phase of the experiment, electroencephalograms (EEGs) were recorded while subjects sequentially traced 10 blue checkpoints on the streets of a virtual town, which were sequentially connected by a green line, by manipulating a joystick. In the test phase of the experiment, the checkpoints and green line were not indicated. Instead, a tone was presented when the subjects entered the reference points where they were then required to trace the 10 invisible spatial reference points corresponding to the checkpoints. The vertex-positive ERPs with latencies of approximately 340 ms from the moment when the subjects entered the unmarked reference points were significantly larger in the test than in the control phases. Current source density analysis of the ERPs by standardized low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (sLORETA) indicated activation of brain regions in the test phase that are associated with place and landmark recognition (entorhinal cortex/hippocampus, parahippocampal and retrosplenial cortices, fusiform, and lingual gyri), detecting self-motion (posterior cingulate and posterior insular cortices), motor planning (superior frontal gyrus, including the medial frontal cortex), and regions that process spatial attention (inferior parietal lobule). The present results provide the first identification of the current sources of ERPs associated with spatial updating, and suggest that multiple systems are active in parallel during spatial updating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai M Nguyen
- System Emotional Science, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama Toyama, Japan
| | - Jumpei Matsumoto
- System Emotional Science, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama Toyama, Japan
| | - Anh H Tran
- System Emotional Science, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama Toyama, Japan
| | - Taketoshi Ono
- System Emotional Science, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama Toyama, Japan
| | - Hisao Nishijo
- System Emotional Science, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama Toyama, Japan
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